Chinese to English translations [PRO]
Science - History / astronomy | | Chinese term or phrase: 高表 | 包括沈括浮漏、高表、正方案、仰仪、景符等十多种，这些仪器都是中国古人智慧的结晶
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| Aaron GilkisonKudoZ activityQuestions: 209 ( 7 open) ( 1 without valid answers) ( 14 closed without grading) Answers: 84
| | Local time: 06:21
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| | Gao Biao / Giant Chinese Gnomon / Chinese Gnomon | Explanation:
The paper restudies the gaobiao (giant Chinese gnomon)designed by the astronomer Guo Shoujing (1231-1316)at the beginning of th e Yuan Dynasty.Based on a his discussion of what a possible method might be used by Guo to cast and install the giant Chinese gnomon,providing that the gnomon h ad been indeed made by Guo Shoujing,the author argues that Guo Shoujing had only designed but not cast the gnomon.He thinks that the so called Giant Gnomon use d in Dadu(today's Beijing)should be the same as that...
文章研究了假定设在大都由元代郭守敬设计的高表可 能的铸造方法和安装问题，并认为郭守敬只作了高表设计而未实际铸造，设在大都的高表应 与登封的一样，仅在４０尺高的堂顶围栏架一横梁。堂为晷影堂，在表之南。堂、表、圭正南北排列。
郭守敬（1231年－1316年），字若思，邢台人，中國元代天文學家、數學家和水利學家。
郭守敬曾擔任都水監，負責修治元大都至通州的運河。1276年修訂新曆法，經4年時間制订出《授時曆》，通行360多年。是當時世界上最先進的一種曆法。
他採用了類似現在球面三角算法的“弧矢割圓術”來處理黃道和赤道的坐標換算，在計算太陽、月亮和行星原形位置時創造運用了“招差法”，也就是三次差內插法。並設計制作了多種天像觀測儀器，包括簡儀和高表。組織了大量的天像觀測工作，包括測定恆星位置，測定冬至點、近地點以及黃道和白道交點位置，編制了月亮運動表，測定了全國27個觀測點的緯度。確定了一個月為29.530593日，一年為365.2425日。正式廢除以前曆法積累的時差，以實際觀測為准。確定以一年的1/24作為一個節氣，以沒有中氣的月份為閏月，此原則現在一直採用。
He worked on improving the Chinese gnomon and worked at Kublai Khan's Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory. He set 27 observation centers in different parts of China. There he formulated the Shoushili calendar (授時曆) and calculated the year to be 365.2425 days, only 26 seconds off the real time. This is the same as the Gregorian calendar, but 302 years earlier. It would be used for the next 364 years, the longest a calendar would be used in Chinese History. He also used mathematical functions in his work relating to spherical trigonometry,[1] building upon the knowledge of Shen Kuo's (1031–1095) earlier work in trigonometry.[2] An important work in trigonometry in China would not be printed again until the collaborative efforts of Xu Guangqi and his Italian Jesuit associate Matteo Ricci in 1607, during the late Ming Dynasty.[2]
He devised a number of astronomical instruments, and conducted large-scale geodetic surveys and celestial observations. Although he did a great deal on the modern calendar, he suggested pi 3, unlike Zu Chongzhi's 3.14159265 and Zhang Heng's 3.142.
In engineering he is best known for constructing the artificial Kunming Lake in Beijing as a reservoir and part of a new waterway for grain transport.
Asteroid 2012 Guo Shou-Jing is named after him.
图片：
http://images3.ctrip.com/wri/images/200604/WEIWEI11112121071... |
| Selected response from:
Joy Xu
Local time: 18:21
| Grading comment Thank you!
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer |
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11 mins confidence:  peer agreement (net): +2 Gao Biao / Giant Chinese Gnomon / Chinese Gnomon
Explanation:
The paper restudies the gaobiao (giant Chinese gnomon)designed by the astronomer Guo Shoujing (1231-1316)at the beginning of th e Yuan Dynasty.Based on a his discussion of what a possible method might be used by Guo to cast and install the giant Chinese gnomon,providing that the gnomon h ad been indeed made by Guo Shoujing,the author argues that Guo Shoujing had only designed but not cast the gnomon.He thinks that the so called Giant Gnomon use d in Dadu(today's Beijing)should be the same as that...
文章研究了假定设在大都由元代郭守敬设计的高表可 能的铸造方法和安装问题，并认为郭守敬只作了高表设计而未实际铸造，设在大都的高表应 与登封的一样，仅在４０尺高的堂顶围栏架一横梁。堂为晷影堂，在表之南。堂、表、圭正南北排列。
郭守敬（1231年－1316年），字若思，邢台人，中國元代天文學家、數學家和水利學家。
郭守敬曾擔任都水監，負責修治元大都至通州的運河。1276年修訂新曆法，經4年時間制订出《授時曆》，通行360多年。是當時世界上最先進的一種曆法。
他採用了類似現在球面三角算法的“弧矢割圓術”來處理黃道和赤道的坐標換算，在計算太陽、月亮和行星原形位置時創造運用了“招差法”，也就是三次差內插法。並設計制作了多種天像觀測儀器，包括簡儀和高表。組織了大量的天像觀測工作，包括測定恆星位置，測定冬至點、近地點以及黃道和白道交點位置，編制了月亮運動表，測定了全國27個觀測點的緯度。確定了一個月為29.530593日，一年為365.2425日。正式廢除以前曆法積累的時差，以實際觀測為准。確定以一年的1/24作為一個節氣，以沒有中氣的月份為閏月，此原則現在一直採用。
He worked on improving the Chinese gnomon and worked at Kublai Khan's Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory. He set 27 observation centers in different parts of China. There he formulated the Shoushili calendar (授時曆) and calculated the year to be 365.2425 days, only 26 seconds off the real time. This is the same as the Gregorian calendar, but 302 years earlier. It would be used for the next 364 years, the longest a calendar would be used in Chinese History. He also used mathematical functions in his work relating to spherical trigonometry,[1] building upon the knowledge of Shen Kuo's (1031–1095) earlier work in trigonometry.[2] An important work in trigonometry in China would not be printed again until the collaborative efforts of Xu Guangqi and his Italian Jesuit associate Matteo Ricci in 1607, during the late Ming Dynasty.[2]
He devised a number of astronomical instruments, and conducted large-scale geodetic surveys and celestial observations. Although he did a great deal on the modern calendar, he suggested pi 3, unlike Zu Chongzhi's 3.14159265 and Zhang Heng's 3.142.
In engineering he is best known for constructing the artificial Kunming Lake in Beijing as a reservoir and part of a new waterway for grain transport.
Asteroid 2012 Guo Shou-Jing is named after him.
图片：
http://images3.ctrip.com/wri/images/200604/WEIWEI11112121071...
Reference: http://big5.ctrip.com/Community/ItineraryWri/ShowWriting.asp...
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guo_Shoujing
| Joy Xu
Local time: 18:21
Native speaker of:  Chinese
PRO pts in category: 16
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| Jul 3, 2008 - Changes made by Joy Xu: | | Created KOG entry | KudoZ term => KOG term |
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