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Dutch to English translations [PRO] Social Sciences - Education / Pedagogy
Dutch term or phrase:werkvraag
"Van vraag naar onderzoeksvraag
Het is belangrijk dat een vraag gevormd wordt tot goede onderzoeksvraag oftewel *werkvraag*.
Een vraag is een goede werkvraag:
1. als binnen de vastgestelde tijd een antwoord gevonden kan worden. Alle materialen moeten beschikbaar zijn. Bronnen moeten bereikbaar zijn. In te schakelen personen en instanties moeten binnen de vastgestelde tijd benaderd kunnen worden
2. als de vraag op de juiste manier gesteld is, dat wil zeggen de aard van de vraag past bij de voorgestelde onderzoekswijze.
3. als de woorden, gebruikt in een vraag, duidelijk zijn
4. als de vraag beperkt is tot één probleem (is dit niet het geval dan moet de vraag gesplitst worden in deelvragen).
5. als de vraag de leerling uitdaagt om ook echt het antwoord te willen weten. Een leerling moet kunnen aangeven waarom hij/zij het onderzoek wil doen, wat het belang is van het onderzoek."
I am puzzling over this "werkvraag" Work question, working question, both sound strange. I think I am simply not seeing something obvious here...
Explanation: Basically, the 'werkvragen' are divisions of the 'onderzoeksvraag', so they are subquestions, more specific and less theoretical than the 'research question'.
If it were in a different context, I might go with something like "working question", as Barend suggested, or "working statement", or "guiding question" as Lianne mentioned, but I think that in this context, the author must mean, "sub-question".
Being a secondary school teacher familiar with this context, I wholeheartedly agree with the translation of "onderzoeksvraag" into "research question" and "werkvraag" into "subquestion".
I just found something interesting somewhere else, which I think sheds some light on this. In -> http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dissertations/1938675/fu... I found: "Deze onderzoeksvraag is op grond van het theoretisch kader te verdelen in drie subvragen". I think what the author means by "werkvragen" and "onderzoeksvragen", in my text, is that the one type is a "principal (research) question" [onderzoeksvraag], and the other are "sub-questions" [werkvragen].
Thank you! In that case I would just translate it as "questions". It appears to mean the questions the dissertation is attempting to answer. Or you could say "research questions" to distinguish them from any other kind of questions.
Here is as much as I can offer you: "Dit exploratieve en/of verklarende onderzoek richt zich op de volgende onderzoeksvraag met drie werkvragen:" ((1.)) Hoe kan portfolio in het voortgezet onderwijs een geloofwaardige assessment techniek zijn? (2.) Hoe kan portfolio een betrouwbaar instrument zijn voor summatief assessment? (3.) ..., (4.) ..." (The text itself is a dissertation, so the author, is a student, and the "werkvragen" here are "questions" posed by the author himself, to himself, in his own paper. The "onderzoeksvraag", is stated under ((1)), followed by the 3 "werkvragen". I hope this helps.)
You still haven't given nearly enough context. We don't know what these questions are, or who is asking and answering them, so it's simply not possible for us to provide an adequate translation. It's probably clear to you because you have the document in front of you, but we don't.
... about "portfolio work" in secondary schools. The cited context above isn't from my text. The following is: "Dit geldt dan ook voor de (in werkvraag 1) gevraagde betrouwbaarheid van een op portfoliowerk gebaseerd portfoliocertificaat volgens de EPC-standaarden (...)" I think something like "study questions", or simply "questions", might be correct.
Explanation: See if this fits your context:
III. THE PROSPECTUS: The Prospectus provides a clear but sometimes
tentative working statement about your research topic. It should contain
an explanation of the larger historical concerns which make your topic
valuable and engaging. You should also outline and discuss issues raised
by your work. The Prospectus is more than a tentative roadmap. It
should include a working statement of your expectations as well as
possible findings and conclusions. http://bit.ly/bdNxWR
(pdf for writing thesis)
Lianne Van De Ven United States Local time: 06:39 Native speaker of: Dutch PRO pts in category: 36
Explanation: the problem with my reference may be that it might be written by Dutch people but "werk" in "werkvraag" has the same meaning as "werk" in "werkdocument, werkdefinitie" that are translated by van Dale as "working document" and "working definition"
The main question in this study will be: ‘To what extent should the internal communication towards employees of an international governmental organization on a culture-sensitive subject be adjusted to their intercultural experience elsewhere?’ In order to answer this question we will first need to answer our working question, which is: ‘To what extent are foreknowledge, attitude and willingness of the employees of an international governmental organization towards a culture-sensitive subject dependent on their intercultural experience elsewhere?’ We will test our hypotheses at the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, regarding the culture-sensitive subject of Sustainable Management.
Explanation: Ik vind het allemaal wat relatief, het hangt van het samenstel van begrippen af, er is altijd een vragenhierarchie.
Typen vragen bij onderzoeksopdrachten.
Probleemstelling: Hoofdvraag Welke effecten kun je waarnemen aan de nevelsporen als je een magneet bij een continu. Wilsonvat houdt? Werkvraag ... http://bit.ly/8XGPAX
Explanation: Basically, the 'werkvragen' are divisions of the 'onderzoeksvraag', so they are subquestions, more specific and less theoretical than the 'research question'.
Michael Baeyens Belgium Local time: 12:39 Works in field Native speaker of: Dutch PRO pts in category: 4
A working hypothesis is a hypothesis that is provisionally accepted when no alternatives are available,[1] or when the philosophical implications of the alternatives are considered to be absurd or otherwise undesirable. Like all hypotheses, a working hypothesis can be constructed as a statement of expectations. They can be linked to the exploratory research purpose in empirical investigation, and are also often used as a conceptual framework as they are well suited to qualitative research methods.[2]
Josephine Isaacs Australia Local time: 20:39 Works in field Native speaker of: Dutch, English PRO pts in category: 8
Explanation: From the full Dutch original available here: http://www.de-hooiberg.nl/webgeletterdheid/artikelen/legiers... , it is clear that the terms "onderzoeksvraag" and "werkvraag" are being used interchangeably as synonyms for each other. So the task is to find a cognate term in English which could be used interchangeably for research question. The above two suggestions were culled from: http://www.esc.edu/esconline/across_esc/writerscomplex.nsf/0... , which is a broadly similar document to the one being translated.
Textpertise United Kingdom Local time: 11:39 Native speaker of: English PRO pts in category: 49
Explanation: The decision on whether you have a hypothesis or a question is not really important in the early stages of research. What is important is a precise statement of objectives which can be developed into a working research question or, where appropriate, developed into a hypothesis depending on the research strategy you employ. http://people.exeter.ac.uk/mjheath/OtherSources.htm
The translation workplace 
