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English to Arabic translations [PRO]
Art/Literary - History / Roman History | | English term or phrase: principate | the text is about the tetrarchy( حكومة الأربعة ) which was established in the Roman empire by Diocletian in the second half of the second century and till the third century the text is as follows:
this new governmental system,the brainchild of Diocletian, was the first of its kind and heralded the transition from principate to dominate.The empire had earlier been governed by co-emprors who had sometimes been responsible for different imperial duties, but this was the first time that the empire had been divided into distinct parts |
| mnamonaKudoZ activityQuestions: 16 (none open) Answers: 23
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| | الإمارة | Explanation:
الإمارة
والمعنى هنا هو الحكم الوراثي وكان الحكم السائد قبل الإمبراطور ديوكلسيانوس
ودود |
| Selected response from:
Ouadoud
Local time: 09:22
| Grading comment thank you, from the text i had i can approve that it means either,إمارة ، رئاسة ، حكم وراثي they all can go with the text as it states that the empror declared objective at this period was to eliminate the hereditary rule, it also talk about the principatus who was in charge ,
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1 hr confidence: 
7 hrs confidence:  عهد الرئاسة
Explanation:
The Principate is the period and regime in Roman history when power was concentrated in the hands of a strongman who postured as "Princeps" ("First Citizen") of a restored republic, yet acted with a strong fist. Here is some additional information:
http://cornellia.fws1.com/augustus.htm
"Four years after Actium, Octavian walked into a Senate well disposed to his wishes and announced the restoration of the Republic. He was ready to set aside his formidable powers and become a private citizen once more. To no one's surprise, the partisan Senate 'refused' to allow him to step down and gave him the quasi divine title of Augustus which was a slightly archaic word meaning sacred or revered. Octavian's powers were formalized and Rome had given herself its first emperor.
Always the subtle manipulator, Augustus carefully selected titles for himself and his administration that were entirely inoffensive. He called himself Princeps, or First Citizen; his government was the Principate, or rule of the First Citizen. Romans already referred to their First Senator, the senior member of the Senate as the Princeps Senatus (a position that Augustus now also held). In his 'First Settlement' of 27 BCE he claimed to have restored the republic. This is yet another example of the young emperor's political skill. By devising a title so similar to the one with positive Republican associations, he was able to allow the appearance of the Republic while in reality, Rome had become a constitutional monarchy. Nothing happened without Augustus' approval. He was censor, Pontifex Maximus, and often held the consulship, which he distributed with other offices as favors to those who served him.
More importantly, he also held the two most formidable powers of the republic - the tribunican veto and the consular imperium. The former gave him control over all legislation while the latter gave him control over the army, which was sworn in loyalty to him. Citizens, too, swore their loyalty to him and worshipped his spirit or genius, as an act of patriotism. The powers he now held were exceptional only because they were now held by one man, but none of them were without republican precedent."
I chose رئاسة bacause in Arabic (and Hebrew), the word رأس is used for "first," as in:
رأس الشهر
رأس السـنة
Reference: http://cornellia.fws1.com/augustus.htm
| Fuad Yahya
Native speaker of:  Arabic, English
PRO pts in category: 13
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The translation workplace 
