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Explanation: وهو الطبيب المعالج, الذي يباشر علاج المريض سواء في المستشفى أو العيادة الطبية ويقال له أيضا
clinician
ويمكنك أيضا أن تترجمها "طبيب معالج"ا
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 2002-12-30 19:04:27 (GMT) --------------------------------------------------
Dear Islam,
The words \"clinic\" and \"clinical\" come from the Greek word KLINE, which means \"couch\" or \"bed\". Something is called \"clinical\" when it is related to the \"bedside\" relationship between the patient and the care-giver. For instance, a medical education consists of scientific subjects and clinical subjects. Anatomy, for instance, is a scientific subject, while urology is clinical, at least the way it is treated in medical schools. In this sense, urology pertains to the \"bedside\" relationship, in that it deals with diseases, their symptomology, etiology, natural history, and, most significantly, their treatment options.
Likewise, a change in the health status can be identified by tests or, often, by clinical signs and symptoms, such as pain level. These are dependent on the physician\'s \"clinical\' (that is \"bedside\") acumen.
So a \"clinical fellow\" is someone who is doing a clinical fellowship, that is a fellowship in a clinical setting, with actual patients, not in a lab or an office. A clinical fellowship in obstetrics, for instance, would entail actually delivering babies, etc.
In English, the word \"clinical,\" because entirely foreign, has the advantage of being free to acquire whatever meaning that common usage may bestow upon it. In Arabic, the word سريري is commonly used and understood within the profession, as in
الصيدلة السريرية
الفحص السريري
الموت السريري
الكشف السريري
طبيب سريري
تدريب سريري
ممرض سريري
سؤال سريري
الخ
To the uninitiated, سريري may sound queer because of the word SAREER and its original associations. For this reason, some people use the word إكلينيكي which I do not find entirely objectionable, but I would prefer سريري
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 2002-12-30 19:08:28 (GMT) --------------------------------------------------
Another very common expression is العلاقة السريرية
Some people may laugh at the possible double meaning, just as they would laugh at the expression \"criminal lawyer\" or \"student affairs,\" but it is still a perfectly legitimate expression, and commonly used.
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 2002-12-30 19:35:16 (GMT) --------------------------------------------------
As to the actual professional staus of a clinical fellow, as far as the Cleveland Clinic Foundation is concerned, or the US in general, consider the following:
A student typically starts out by earning a four-year college degree in a scientific subject, usually biology, pre-medicine, or a related topic.
after passing a medical school entry exam, the student enrolls in medical school for four years. During these four years, the student would typically practice at various local hospitals as an intern. This consists mostly of observation, some history taking, and in the last year, some physical exams.
After graduation, the medical graduate would seek a residency at a medical institution, which usually lasts two years. A resident is addressed as \"Doctor so and so,\" but cannot practice medicine independently yet. After completing residency in a particular medical area, such as anesthesiology, family medicine, or surgery, the resident undergoes standard professional tests. Upon passing the tests, the person can actually begin practicing medicine independently, as a primary-care or secondary-care physician.
This professional doctor can, if he or she chooses, pursue higher, more specialized training. This is where felowship comes in. An internist, for instance, may seek a hematology-oncology fellowship. This would enable the poor fellow (pardon the pun) to practice at a tertiary level of specialization. He or she can pursue additional fellowships as a means to widen or deeepen knowledge and expertise, or to make a career shift. I have known anesthesiologists doing psychiatry fellowship in order to change careers.
A fellow is a full-blown doctor, but within his or her fellowship program, he or she is undergoing professional training under the direction of a faculty physician (a professor of one level or another). A fellow has some leeway to prescribe some medication, typically palliative in nature, to handle emergencies, to initiate some interventions, but cannot significantly alter the course of treatment or its modality. That is left to the attending physician.
Upon finishing a fellowship in a particular area, the physician can apply to a faculty position (initially assitant professor). He or she can then train other fellows.
That is what a fellowship actually involves.
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 2002-12-30 19:42:07 (GMT) --------------------------------------------------
The American Heritage Dictionary gives the following definitions for the word \"clinical\"
1. Rrelated to a clinic.
2. Involving or based on direct observation of the patient. Example: a clinical diagnosis.
3. Very objective and devoid of emotion; analytical. Example: “He spoke in the clipped, clinical monotones typical of police testimony in court”.
4. Suggestive of a medical clinic; austere and antiseptic. Example: a clinical style of decor.
Please notice that the word \"clinical\" in \"clinical fellowship\" is related to definition 2 above. In other owrds, it has nothing to with clinics. It is related to bedside relationship.
Fuad Yahya Specializes in field Native speaker of: Arabic, English PRO pts in category: 353
The translation workplace 
peer agreement (net): +1
