Depending on context, the rank-term may be expanded to "fariq rukn" (Staff LTG)
Explanation: Depending on context, the term may also may expanded to be "fariiq rukn" = "Staff LTG" or (per British/Pakidstani usage): LTG (Staff)
That combination is commonly used in Arab militaries to indicate that the officer is a graduate of his country's command and staff college (C&GSC), hence the "staff" designation added after the basic rank.
Graduation from a C&GSC is normally required when the officer attains the rank of "major" (Ra'id).
This type of 'rank stringing' reflects the influence of European military systems when British, German and Russian advisors (or as termed by the Soviets - "military technical specialists") were found in a number of Arab countries that received military equipment, materiel, doctrine and training.
FWIW, the character of the old (Saddam-era) Iraqi Army blended selected aspects of British, Soviet, East German and French influence when that army developed its own doctrine, tactics, techniques and procedures for combat operations. For those interested in that background and evolution, I can recommend a few excellent detailed memoirs (published in the Arabic) by former senior officers of the Iraqi Army.
HTH. Khair, in sha' Allah.
REgards,
Stephen H. Franke
San Pedro, California
Military experience in the Middle East; field research Various Arabic military references
| Stephen Franke United States Local time: 06:03 Specializes in field Native speaker of: English PRO pts in category: 62
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