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in logic, I have the words "token" and "type"
context:
"two tokens of the word type 'talking' occur in the previous sentence. When I say that 'talking' is a two-syllable word, I'm talking about the type, not any particular token"
Explanation: Fortunately, I managed to reach the same text you are translating too.
وأعتقد أن الكاتب يشير إلى التفرقة الفلسفية التي وضعها بيرس بين كل من
Token and type
وهما مفهومان فلسفيان معناهما الورود (طبعاً ليس لها علاقة بالورد) والنمط
ويرتبط هذان المفهومان باللغة المنطوقة أو النص المكتوب على اعتبار أن الكلمات ( العلامات) منطوقة كانت أم مكتوبة
تتمايز لغوياً وفلسفياً. بمعنى آخر، إحصاء عدد مرات الـ
tokens (تواتر ورود الكلمات
في نص مكتوب أو منطوق يعني إحصاء عدد جميع كلمات هذا النص أياً كان نوعها، تشابهت أم اختلفت في نمطها
وهو
Type
أما إحصاء الـ
Type
فيعني إحصاء عدد الكلمات المختلفة فقط والتغاضي عن الكلمات المكررة
لمزيد من الإيضاح، في المثال التالي
The number of words (tokens) in a dictionary is the "word-count" of its whole content—
but the number of different words (types) —is surely much smaller.
ويطلق على
Token الورود /التواتر
Type النمط
إذن الورود /التواتر يعني عدد كلمات النص كاملاً تشابهت أم اختلفت
النمط: عدد الكلمات المختلفة فقط والتغاضي عن الكلمات المتشابهة
ولنأخذ المثال الوارد في النص المترجم
A particular play, such as Romeo and Juliet, exists in many tokens, on stages and in books, on videotapes and DVDs. A particular gene also exists in many tokens, in trillions of cells.
يعني أن مسرحية ما كمسرحية روميو وجولييت تعدد ورودها (تعددت مرات تواترها) بدءاً من تمثيلها على المسرح أو طبعها في كتب أو شرائط الفيديو كاسيت أو الدي في دي
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 hr (2007-09-07 19:50:55 GMT) --------------------------------------------------
This is another example from a philosophical dictionary
Token:
A particular instance of a word or sign, as opposed to the abstract kind or type it exemplifies.
Thus, for example, the preceding sentence is 18 words long (token), but contains only 16 words (type), since "a" and "or" are each used twice.
Dear Moustafa Fadel, we should keep our disagreements into the minimum level we should keep courtesy either for each other also it is better to use neutral with reasoning comment as you are one of the peers.. that is to match with kudoz rules thank you.
Automatic update in 00:
Answers
26 mins confidence:
نموذج/شكل
Explanation: I assume this is a paragraph of the text you have.
When I say that ‘talking’ is a two-syllable word, I’m talking about the type, not any particular token.) Dawkins puts the point this way: “What I am doing is emphasizing the potential near-immortality of a gene, in the form of copies, as its defining property.” (p35). So genes are like words, or like novels or plays, or melodies. A particular play, such as Romeo and Juliet, exists in many tokens, on stages and in books, on videotapes and DVDs. A particular gene also exists in many tokens, in trillions of cells. This is Dawkins’ way of making George Williams’ point that the gene is the information carried in the base pairs, not the base pairs themselves, which are like the trails of ink (or acoustic waves or laser-readable DVD pits).
If so, I suggest translating it as نموذج or شكل. I believe it fits more in the exmple given later on.
Abdallah Ali United Kingdom Local time: 22:03 Native speaker of: Arabic
41 mins confidence: peer agreement (net): +2
تارة أو كَرَّة
Explanation: In linguistics, when a word occurs several times in a particular context, we call the word itself a "type" and we call each occurrence a "token," as explained in the following:
The term does not appear in either one of Dr. Al-Khuli's two dictionaries, so I thought it would not hurt to try to come up with an Arabic term for it based on the meaning explained above:
التارة هي الحين والمرّة، فيقال تكلمتُ تارةً وسكتُّ تارةً أخرى
والكرّة هي العودة للأمر بعد الانعطاف عنه، فنقول شكرته على صنيعه كرّة بعد كرّة
Fuad Yahya Native speaker of: Arabic, English PRO pts in category: 16
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peer agreement (net): +2
