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English to Russian translations [PRO]
Medical - Medical: Health Care / лечение ВИЧ | | English term or phrase: operational and implementation science | | The report, An Exploratory Analysis of HIV Treatment Research and Development Investments in 2009, found that 48 funders worldwide (of 144 surveyed) reported investing $US 2.46 billion across six HIV-related research categories—basic science, drug discovery and development, operational and implementation science, antiretroviral prevention, applied/infrastructure and HIV diagnostics. |
| aksanakKudoZ activityQuestions: 14 (none open) Answers: 0
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| | Поиск оптимальных решений, изучение мировых практик и внедрение новейших разработок | Explanation:
В данном случае речь идет не о конкретной области исследования, а о деятельности, которую нужно финансировать. Поэтому в данном контексте я бы перевела описательно, избегая использования неустоявшихся терминов или терминов из других областей.
Ниже приведены определения и ссылки на то, что понимается под Implementation science и Operations Research, применительно к HIV.
Implementation science is the study of effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of health program selection, delivery, and uptake—in order to bridge the gap between proven interventions and clinical/community practices in real-world settings. The overall goal of implementation science is to advance the adoption and integration of evidence-based interventions and change practice patterns. Interdisciplinary methods utilized can include monitoring and evaluation, operations research, mathematical modeling, impact evaluation, and comparative effectiveness research, in order to identify the most efficient and cost-effective solutions to implementation and operational problems. Implementation science examines all points on the causal pathway from program to impact.
http://cega.berkeley.edu/workshops/enhancingis
What is Operations Research?
Excerpted from Designing HIV/AIDS Intervention Studies: An Operations Research Handbook, Andrew Fisher and James Foreit, 2002, Washington, DC: Population Council. (More on OR Handbook)
As HIV/AIDS continues to spread and affect the lives of millions of people, a growing sense of urgency has developed about the imperative need to stop the epidemic. In all areas of the world, national HIV/ AIDS programs, along with countless nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and community-based organizations (CBOs), have initiated programs to expand the response to the epidemic. The goal of these efforts is to prevent the transmission of HIV and to mitigate the consequences of AIDS through care, support, and treatment. The programs range from very large national efforts to very small local efforts. Whatever their size, the programs almost always involve some elements of planning, coordination, service delivery, and involvement of communities and people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV).
All HIV/AIDS service delivery programs face complex tasks. Behavior change strategies typically require managers to use multiple media channels to spread prevention messages to different social groups. The distribution of condoms, antiretrovirals (ARVs), and other medicines depends on complex logistics systems. Training is often required for a variety of personnel, ranging from doctors, nurses, and other clinical staff to health policymakers, program managers, and volunteers working through NGOs at the local level. In order to be effective and sustainable, these and many other aspects of programs need to be implemented in settings where communities are involved and mobilized.
HIV/AIDS programs are complex because the disease is complex. It affects all aspects of human society—from the cultural sphere to the religious, political, and economic spheres. The infected and affected are many in number, diverse in nature, and widely dispersed throughout the world. HIV/AIDS programs usually address such sensitive issues as sexuality and longstanding concerns about human rights, poverty, economic development, gender inequality, stigma, and discrimination. To be effective, HIV/AIDS programs require not only community involvement and dedicated, committed personnel, but also detailed planning at all levels, close coordination of program implementation efforts, careful training and supervision of personnel, and continuous evaluation of program development and impact. Operations research (OR) is a critically important way to support and inform these essential planning, coordinating, training, and evaluation functions.
OR is a process, a way of identifying and solving program problems. As currently applied in many health and development fields, operations research can be defined as a continuous process with five basic steps:
1. Problem identification and diagnosis.
2. Strategy selection.
3. Strategy testing and evaluation.
4. Information dissemination.
5. Information utilization.
The goal of OR is to increase the efficiency, effectiveness, and quality of services delivered by providers, and the availability, accessibility, and acceptability of services desired by users.
Определение/объяснение Operations Research (применительно к HIV) можно найти здесь: http://www.popcouncil.org/Horizons/ORToolkit/toolkit/whatiso...
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| Selected response from:
 Svetlana Bakunova
United States
Local time: 18:47
| Grading comment | 4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer |
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| Discussion entries: 0 |
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Automatic update in 00:
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1 hr confidence:  
2 hrs confidence:
3 hrs confidence: Поиск оптимальных решений, изучение мировых практик и внедрение новейших разработок
Explanation:
В данном случае речь идет не о конкретной области исследования, а о деятельности, которую нужно финансировать. Поэтому в данном контексте я бы перевела описательно, избегая использования неустоявшихся терминов или терминов из других областей.
Ниже приведены определения и ссылки на то, что понимается под Implementation science и Operations Research, применительно к HIV.
Implementation science is the study of effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of health program selection, delivery, and uptake—in order to bridge the gap between proven interventions and clinical/community practices in real-world settings. The overall goal of implementation science is to advance the adoption and integration of evidence-based interventions and change practice patterns. Interdisciplinary methods utilized can include monitoring and evaluation, operations research, mathematical modeling, impact evaluation, and comparative effectiveness research, in order to identify the most efficient and cost-effective solutions to implementation and operational problems. Implementation science examines all points on the causal pathway from program to impact.
http://cega.berkeley.edu/workshops/enhancingis
What is Operations Research?
Excerpted from Designing HIV/AIDS Intervention Studies: An Operations Research Handbook, Andrew Fisher and James Foreit, 2002, Washington, DC: Population Council. (More on OR Handbook)
As HIV/AIDS continues to spread and affect the lives of millions of people, a growing sense of urgency has developed about the imperative need to stop the epidemic. In all areas of the world, national HIV/ AIDS programs, along with countless nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and community-based organizations (CBOs), have initiated programs to expand the response to the epidemic. The goal of these efforts is to prevent the transmission of HIV and to mitigate the consequences of AIDS through care, support, and treatment. The programs range from very large national efforts to very small local efforts. Whatever their size, the programs almost always involve some elements of planning, coordination, service delivery, and involvement of communities and people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV).
All HIV/AIDS service delivery programs face complex tasks. Behavior change strategies typically require managers to use multiple media channels to spread prevention messages to different social groups. The distribution of condoms, antiretrovirals (ARVs), and other medicines depends on complex logistics systems. Training is often required for a variety of personnel, ranging from doctors, nurses, and other clinical staff to health policymakers, program managers, and volunteers working through NGOs at the local level. In order to be effective and sustainable, these and many other aspects of programs need to be implemented in settings where communities are involved and mobilized.
HIV/AIDS programs are complex because the disease is complex. It affects all aspects of human society—from the cultural sphere to the religious, political, and economic spheres. The infected and affected are many in number, diverse in nature, and widely dispersed throughout the world. HIV/AIDS programs usually address such sensitive issues as sexuality and longstanding concerns about human rights, poverty, economic development, gender inequality, stigma, and discrimination. To be effective, HIV/AIDS programs require not only community involvement and dedicated, committed personnel, but also detailed planning at all levels, close coordination of program implementation efforts, careful training and supervision of personnel, and continuous evaluation of program development and impact. Operations research (OR) is a critically important way to support and inform these essential planning, coordinating, training, and evaluation functions.
OR is a process, a way of identifying and solving program problems. As currently applied in many health and development fields, operations research can be defined as a continuous process with five basic steps:
1. Problem identification and diagnosis.
2. Strategy selection.
3. Strategy testing and evaluation.
4. Information dissemination.
5. Information utilization.
The goal of OR is to increase the efficiency, effectiveness, and quality of services delivered by providers, and the availability, accessibility, and acceptability of services desired by users.
Определение/объяснение Operations Research (применительно к HIV) можно найти здесь: http://www.popcouncil.org/Horizons/ORToolkit/toolkit/whatiso...
| Svetlana Bakunova
United States
Local time: 18:47
Specializes in field
Native speaker of:  Russian
PRO pts in category: 4
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