10 mins confidence:   explosivos de alto / bajo orden
Explanation:
Hola Mary,
Parecen ser los términos, según los enlaces, donde se explican:
Clasificación de explosivos [editar]Se dividen básicamente en explosivos de alto orden (p. ej. TNT) y explosivos de bajo orden (p. ej. pólvora).
Los explosivos de alto orden tienen una velocidad de combustión elevada, de varios km/s, alcanzando velocidades de detonación y por eso son aptos para la demolición.
Los explosivos de bajo orden queman a una velocidad de varios cientos de metros por segundo, llegando incluso a velocidades de un par de km/s, lo que se llama deflagración (los explosivos de bajo orden no detonan). Son utilizados para la propulsión, para dispositivos de fragmentación de roca controlada y para los fuegos artificiales.
Se llama DDT (por su sigla en inglés, Deflagration-Detonation Transition) a los explosivos que tienen una velocidad de quemado intermedia entre los dos tipos de explosivos.
Explosivos de alto orden [editar]trinitrotolueno o TNT
RDX o Ciclonita (trinitrofenilmetilnitramina)
PENT o Tetranitrato de pentaeritrita
Nitrato de amonio
ANFO
Hidrogeles
Amonal
Ácido pícrico o TNP (Trinitrofenol)
Picrato amónico
Tetranitrometano
HMX (Ciclotetrametilentetranitramina)
C-4
Explosivos de bajo orden o deflagradores [editar]Pólvora negra
Nitrocelulosa
Cloratita
Compuestos o mezclas con aluminios, ácidos y percloratos
Explosivos de impacto o "Primers" [editar]Este tipo de explosivos se usa principalmente como ignitor, es decir, para hacer estallar un explosivo de mayor potencia. Suelen ser muy sensibles al calor, la fricción y las descargas eléctricas, entre otros factores.
Triyoduro amónico
Fulminato de mercurio
Fulminato de plata
Nitroglicerina Muy sensible. Generalmente se le aplica un desensibilizador.
Azida de plomo
Azida de plata
Hexanitrato de manitol
Estifnato de plomo
RDX Ciclotrimetilenetrinitramina, también conocida como RDX, ciclonita, hexogeno y T4, son una nitroamina: material explosivo ampliamente usado por los militares.
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosivo#Explosivos_de_alto_or...
[edit] Low explosives
A low explosive is usually a mixture of a combustible substance and an oxidant that decomposes rapidly (deflagration); unlike most high explosives, which are compounds[citation needed].
Under normal conditions, low explosives undergo deflagration at rates that vary from a few centimeters per second to approximately 400 metres per second. It is possible for them to deflagrate very quickly, producing an effect similar to a detonation. This usually occurs when ignited in a confined space.
Low explosives are normally employed as propellants. Included in this group are gun powders, pyrotechnics and illumination devices such as flares.
[edit] High explosives
High explosives are normally employed in mining, demolition, and military warheads. They undergo detonation at rates of 1,000 to 9,000 meters per second. High explosives are conventionally subdivided into two classes differentiated by sensitivity:
Primary explosives are extremely sensitive to mechanical shock, friction, and heat, to which they will respond by burning rapidly or detonating.
Secondary explosives, also called base explosives, are relatively insensitive to shock, friction, and heat. They may burn when exposed to heat or flame in small, unconfined quantities, but detonation can occur. These are sometimes added in small amounts to blasting caps to boost their power. Dynamite, TNT, RDX, PETN, HMX, and others are secondary explosives. PETN is often considered a benchmark compound, with materials that are more sensitive than PETN being classified as primary explosives.
Some definitions add a third category:
Tertiary explosives, also called blasting agents, are so insensitive to shock that they cannot be reliably detonated by practical quantities of primary explosive, and instead require an intermediate explosive booster of secondary explosive. Examples include an ammonium nitrate/fuel oil mixture (ANFO) and slurry or "wet bag" explosives. These are primarily used in large-scale mining and construction operations.
Note that many if not most explosive chemical compounds may usefully deflagrate as well as detonate, and are used in high as well as low explosive compositions. This also means that under extreme conditions, a propellant can detonate. For example, nitrocellulose deflagrates if ignited, but detonates if initiated by a detonator.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosive_material
Suerte,
Álvaro :O)
Reference: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosivo
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosive_material
| moken
Local time: 06:17
Native speaker of: Spanish
PRO pts in category: 27
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