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13:22 Jan 12, 2012

This question was closed without grading. Reason: Other

English to Spanish translations [PRO]
Science - Zoology / Psicultura: ciclo biológico del salmón

English term or phrase: smolt

I know there are a couple of Proz entries about 'smolt', but they do not answer my question.

Considering
fingerlings and smolts are NOT the same in English,
what is the Spanish translation of SMOLT?

As far as I have found, salmon goes through these stages:
- egg > huevo
- fry > alevín
- fingerling > esguín = murgón (they are synonyms according to DRAE and many dictionaries and encyclopedias)
- smolt > ???
- adult > adulto

This is the context:
- Fry hatch from eggs in the river.
- They grow in the river for 1
to 2 years and become fingerlings.
- Fingerlings migrate
downriver and become smolt.
- Smolt come back to the
river and change to adult salmon.

Type of document: readers for children.
Target language: Latinamerican Spanish.

Joe-E

Summary of answers provided

5 +2

amuje

Alistair Ian Spearing Ortiz

murgón

Charles Davis

Summary of reference entries provided

Refs.

Taña Dalglish

Discussion entries: 1

Answers

59 mins confidence:

peer agreement (net): +2

amuje

Explanation:
La palabra "amuje" tiene dos acepciones.

La primera de ellas es como sinónimo de "esguín" y "murgón".

La segunda (la que nos interesa) es el equivalente de "smolt".

Véase la entrada "smolt" en:

http://www.termcat.cat/ca/Cercaterm

Alistair Ian Spearing Ortiz
Local time: 14:11
Specializes in field
Native speaker of:

Spanish,

English
PRO pts in category: 75

Notes to answerer

Asker: Thank you very much for your help. I think I'll use "salmón joven" to be on the safe side.

3 hrs confidence:

murgón

Explanation:
I am sorry, but I don't think "amuje" is the answer to this conundrum. Alistair's source, TERMCAT, gives it as a synonym of ES esguín and murgón, and equivalent to EN parr and smolt. But this lumps together different stages of development of the Salmon: parr and smolt are definitely not the same thing; parr is much younger. And it is given as equivalent to "salmó aleví" in Catalan.

I have found no evidence that "amuje" corresponds to a later stage of development than "esguín". Indeed, it is regularly defined as "alevín del salmón". What distinguishes "amuje" is that it is a local term, from Salamanca, for a young salmon ("cría del salmón").
http://www.google.es/search?q="amuje" "salmón"&hl=es&prmd=im...
Indeed José de Lamano y Beneite defines it in his Dialecto vulgar salmantino (1915) as "Especie de salmón que se cría en el Duero".
http://www.scribd.com/tourismaldeadavila/d/64967768-Dialecto...
So it's a river fish, anyway, which means it's not a smolt, which is a young salmon adapting to salt water.

A smolt is a salmon that has passed the river stage (2 years normally) and is getting ready to move into the sea:

"The next stage in a salmon's life is the smolt stage. In this stage the salmon's body is making the adjustment from fresh water to salt water as the fish is getting ready to enter into an estuary (where the ocean meets the river) and then into the ocean"
http://www.angelfire.com/ego2/salmonguy26/#Smolt

You are quite right that "esguín" and "murgón" are widely treated as synonyms. "Gorgón" is another term usually treated as having the same meaning. But there is a good deal of imprecision in general sources and dictionaries; they tend to treat a young salmon as a young salmon and leave it at that.

However, I have found an apparently reliable scientific source that distinguishes "esguín" from "murgón", and makes it clear that the latter is more advanced. It comes from the World Organization for Animal Health / Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal (OIE), and is a chapter from its "Manual de pruebas de diagnóstico para los animales acuáticos" (2006) on the salmon disease Girodactilosis, caused by the parasite Gyrodactylus salaris. Here we read the following:

"Normalmente, la girodactilosis se produce cuando G. salaris está presente en el salmón del Atlántico susceptible, cultivado o silvestre, en la fase esguín de desarrollo o en la fase “murgón” juvenil en que inicia su adaptación fisiológica al medio marino."
http://web.oie.int/esp/normes/fmanual/pdf_es/2.1.14_Girodact...

Other parts of the essay make it clear that the "fase esguín" is the freshwater development phase before the salmon takes to the sea. "Murgón", however, is the (subsequent) phase of adaptation to salt water, exactly the definition of smolt.

I therefore recommend that "esguín" should be used for "fingerling" and "murgón" for "smolt".

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 4 hrs (2012-01-12 18:14:43 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

"Los salmones recién nacidos emergen del fondo de arroyos y de las playas, y pasan tres años en el lago antes de transformarse en murgones que migran hacia el mar"
http://books.google.es/books?id=HZaC45m9lMMC&pg=PA529&lpg=PA...

This is from a Mexican document:
"La exposición al herbicida FAENA® en agua dulce en concentraciones de 0, 10, 103 y 990 μg por 10 días no ocasionó ningún daño a los murgones de salmón para su adaptación al agua de mar."
http://sinat.semarnat.gob.mx/dgiraDocs/legamb/FAENA.pdf

"Se prepararán asimismo evaluaciones de impacto ambiental para el desarrollo de los tres nuevos estanques para murgones (smolts, según la palabra inglesa usada por la Compañía) conforme lo exige la legislación chilena."
http://spanish.iic.int/projects/view.asp?id=63&printview=1

"Necrosis pancreática infecciosa
Pero es una enfermedad que también provoca pérdidas considerables en los murgones de salmón atlántico al pasarlos de las aguas dulces a las saladas (Smail et al , 1989)"
http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/esp/Internationa_Standard_...

Note that in all these cases, "murgones" are salmon that are ready to enter the sea, like smolts.

Concepción Ronda Laín, in her Glosario de términos en acuicultura (CSIC) distinguishes "esguín" from "murgón":

"salmón de un año; parr; esguín" (p. 66; parr = fingerling)
salmón joven; smolt; murgón" (p. 66)
http://books.google.es/books?id=K83oZtiheZcC&pg=PA66&lpg=PA6...

Charles Davis
Local time: 14:11
Native speaker of:

English

Notes to answerer

Asker: Thank you very much for your help. I think I'll use "salmón joven" to be on the safe side.

Reference comments

18 mins peer agreement (net): +1

Reference: Refs.

Reference information:
It may be best to leave "smolts" and explain using a Translator's Note - (denominación que se da al salmón juvenil al momento de iniciar su adaptación fisiológica para vivir en un medio marino).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon

http://www.profesorenlinea.cl/fauna/Salmon.htm
En agua dulce aquellos ubicados en el extremo sur (Chile) se transforman en ***smolts (Denominación que se da al salmón juvenil al momento de iniciar su adaptación fisiológica para vivir en un medio marino)*** de tamaños entre 12 y 15 cms. y se encuentran listos para migrar al mar en la primavera del primer año después de eclosionar. En el extremo Norte, en cambio, pueden demorarse 5 a 6 años en alcanzar el estado smolt.

http://html.rincondelvago.com/industria-salmonera-chilena.ht...
En este informe se describe una etapa de este proceso, que es la producción de smolt, en la especie Salmón del Atlántico (Salmo salar), período crítico, dado los cambios fisiológicos,

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 hr (2012-01-12 14:34:03 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

A few more references:

http://www.vivirasturias.com/asturias/cabrales/salmon/es
***El jaramugo es el pececillo nuevo, de cualquier especie; el esguín, la cria del salmón cuando aún no ha salido de los rios, y el zancado, el salmón que después de desovar y fecundar baja llano y sin fuerza al mar. ***

salmón : Wikis (The Full Wiki)
www.thefullwiki.org/salmón
The smolt body chemistry changes, allowing them to live in salt water. Smolts spend a portion of their ...... salmón zancado m. Categories: Spanish nouns | es: ...

[PDF]
CICLO VITAL DEL REO
www.usc.es/banim/doc/.../TIT-P_Caballero.PDF - Translate this page
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
by PC Javierre - Related articles
esguinado, retorno al río, reproducción y fase de zancado o retorno al mar. Estas etapas ...... Migration of smolts of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and sea ...

Taña Dalglish
Jamaica
Works in field
Native speaker of:

English
PRO pts in category: 4

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