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agriculture itinérante sur brûlis

English translation: slash and burn farming


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GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW)
French term or phrase:agriculture itinérante sur brûlis
English translation:slash and burn farming
Entered by: Anna Kiff
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10:18 Sep 9, 2005
French to English translations [PRO]
Social Sciences - Agriculture
French term or phrase: agriculture itinérante sur brûlis
From a document about the recognition of farming knowledge in Africa (particularly Senegal):

"Mais l’emploi du mot terroir était aussi pour moi une manière de réagir contre la vision, dominante à l’époque, d’une agriculture africaine assimilée à l’agriculture itinérante sur brûlis"

Thanks!
Anna Kiff
Local time: 17:52
slash and burn
Explanation:
I believe that this term refers to "slash and burn" farming techniques often used in Africa.

See http://www.locatelli1.net/thema/brul1.php?lg=en
http://www.locatelli1.net/thema/brul1.php?lg=en

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Note added at 7 mins (2005-09-09 10:25:52 GMT)
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Sorry, second reference (french) should be http://www.locatelli1.net/thema/brul1.php?lg=fr

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Note added at 8 mins (2005-09-09 10:26:48 GMT)
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voir aussi:
Culture sur brûlis
Culture sur brûlis. Technique de mise en culture temporaire ( Systèmes culturaux ):
on défriche sommairement ( Défrichements ), on brûle les débris et on ...
www.lexhist.ch/externe/protect/textes/f/F27647.html - 4k - En cache - Pages similaires

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Note added at 1 hr 3 mins (2005-09-09 11:21:37 GMT)
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Hi Anna,
Yes, as Geneviève suggests, "shifting cultivation" is the term for agriculture itinérante (sorry not to have put that in the original!).

See http://www.sdinfo.gc.ca/docs/en/a21/21_11_pB.cfm
http://www.sdinfo.gc.ca/docs/fr/a21/21_11_pB.cfm
Selected response from:

Jocelyne S
France
Local time: 17:52
Grading comment
Thanks for the excellent references. Thanks also to Bourth and Charlie for the very useful comments.
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer



Summary of answers provided
3 +6slash and burn
Jocelyne S
4commentxxxBourth


Discussion entries: 3





  

Answers


6 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 3/5Answerer confidence 3/5 peer agreement (net): +6
agriculture itinérante sur brûlis
slash and burn


Explanation:
I believe that this term refers to "slash and burn" farming techniques often used in Africa.

See http://www.locatelli1.net/thema/brul1.php?lg=en
http://www.locatelli1.net/thema/brul1.php?lg=en

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 7 mins (2005-09-09 10:25:52 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Sorry, second reference (french) should be http://www.locatelli1.net/thema/brul1.php?lg=fr

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 8 mins (2005-09-09 10:26:48 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

voir aussi:
Culture sur brûlis
Culture sur brûlis. Technique de mise en culture temporaire ( Systèmes culturaux ):
on défriche sommairement ( Défrichements ), on brûle les débris et on ...
www.lexhist.ch/externe/protect/textes/f/F27647.html - 4k - En cache - Pages similaires

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 hr 3 mins (2005-09-09 11:21:37 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Hi Anna,
Yes, as Geneviève suggests, "shifting cultivation" is the term for agriculture itinérante (sorry not to have put that in the original!).

See http://www.sdinfo.gc.ca/docs/en/a21/21_11_pB.cfm
http://www.sdinfo.gc.ca/docs/fr/a21/21_11_pB.cfm

Jocelyne S
France
Local time: 17:52
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish
PRO pts in category: 4
Grading comment
Thanks for the excellent references. Thanks also to Bourth and Charlie for the very useful comments.

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Philippe Maillard: yes. See : www.asb.cgiar.org/txt_only/home_francais.htm
15 mins
  -> Thanks Philippe !

agree  Genevieve Altun: yes ! en anglais, shifting cultivation <>, swidden cultivation - swidden <>, slash and burn <>)
36 mins
  -> Thanks, Geneviève !

agree  egunn
40 mins
  -> Thanks, Philip!

agree  Dr Sue Levy
50 mins
  -> Thanks, Sue!

agree  xxxBourth
2 hrs
  -> Thanks Bourth!

agree  Charlie Bavington: "nomadic slash & burn", perhaps? (see added note)
6 hrs
  -> Thanks Charlie!
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)

2 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5
agriculture itinérante sur brûlis
comment


Explanation:
Your French expression seems to combine a couple of the common English terms, including "shifting cultivation" which covers the "itinérante" bit but which is included in any case in "swidden farming/agriculture/cultivation", and "slash and burn" which includes the notion of "brûlis".

I have always called "agriculture sur brûlis" (I've never encountered the added mention of "itinérante") "swidden farming".


If Boserup idea of shortening fallow being an historical trend is valid, then the earliest and least intensive form of agriculture = long-fallow ("forest-fallow")
This system often termed swidden or slash-and-burn or shifting cultivation; common in tropics, but once much more widespread (incl. prehistoric Europe)
Typical features of swidden systems:
1) small areas of forest or brush cleared with slash & burn method (releases nutrients held in plant tissues)
2) soil prepared with dibble stick or hoe (no plowing)
3) human labor provides full work inputs (other than fire)
4) no use of fertilizers (other than wood ash)
5) no irrigation systems (rainfall watering)
6) usually multi-crop gardens, high plant diversity (e.g., up to 40 species in single garden of Hanunoo in Philippines)
7) short cropping period (1-3 yrs) followed by long fallow (>20 yrs)
8) hence most land lies fallow at any one point, requiring large amount of land per capita
Because most agronomists, economists, and anthropologists come from societies based on intensive (short-fallow) systems, swidden has often been portrayed as wasteful, ignorant, "primitive," and environmentally destructive
(In addition, swidden peoples typically self-sufficient, hence looked down on by gov't agencies, who are interested in extracting agricultural surplus for taxation or trade)
However, starting in 1950s, anthros and geographers began analyzing swidden systems carefully, and found that as practiced by indigenous or long-resident populations they are sophisticated and sustainable adaptation in many environments
http://courses.washington.edu/anth457/agintens.htm

Swidden Agriculture and Indigenous Knowledge in the Eastern Himalayas. Swidden
cultivation, also known as shifting cultivation or jhum, taungya or dongya in ...
www.icimod.org/focus/indigenous/swidden.htm

Slash and burn agriculture (also known more neutrally as shifting cultivation or swidden-fallow agriculture) is a agricultural system widely used in forested areas. Although it was practised historically in temperate regions, it is most widely associated with tropical agriculture today.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swidden_farming



xxxBourth
Local time: 17:52
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish
PRO pts in category: 160
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