GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW) | ||||||
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19:22 Nov 9, 2001 |
French to English translations [Non-PRO] | |||||||
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| Selected response from: Abu Amaal (X) | ||||||
Grading comment
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Summary of answers provided | ||||
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4 +5 | Grandes Ecoles Scientifiques |
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4 +1 | Engineering schools |
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5 -1 | Important scientific schools |
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4 | science graduate schools |
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Important scientific schools Explanation: I am not a French translator (I translate Spanish and Portuguese) but I understand written French. Important (or great) scientific schools. That's it. |
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science graduate schools Explanation: A stab in the dark. However, it is possible that this term has no exact equivalent in anglosaxon countries, the French educational system being organized very differently. Another stab in the dark (but an expression in use in Australia): Centres of Excellence (for scientific research). |
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Engineering schools Explanation: I came across this quite a few times while looking for the degree programs you are attempting to translate. I will list a couple of bilingual sites where "engineering schools" is given as the translation of "Grandes Écoles scientifiques". Good luck! Reference: http://www.bde.espci.fr/homepages/Anterieures/Jacques-Antoin... Reference: http://www.cefi.org/OVERVIEW/ENGLISH/SCHEMAS.HTM |
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Grandes Ecoles Scientifiques Explanation: It's an administrative term. The meaning is: leading scientific universties, but this is a category, not merely a description. This includes the Polytechnique, the ENS (Ecole Normale Supérieure, now in the plural as it is not only at Paris), Ecoles du groupe Mines-Ponts, Ecole du groupe Centrale, and possibly others. It used to be more limited. Since Napoleon there has tended to be a strong engineering orientation, but also all the important pure science and mathematics tended to take place there originally. Though they offer extensive engineering programs, there is a distinct category of Engineering Schools. Mines et Ponts used to be very much what I would call an engineering school, but I'm not sure what they're up to at present. Extract from the Polytechnique's account of itself: Today, graduates of the École Polytechnique follow careers in just about every field of endeavor. POLYTECHNICIENS are especially prominent as researchers, academics, heads of national administrations and institutions, and corporate executives in France and abroad. They play a particularly important role in the French economy, occupying top executive positions in the industrial and service sectors (Airbus Industrie, Alcatel, Arianespace, Axa, Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP), Dassault Aviation, Electricité de France (EDF), Elf, Lafarge, Paribas, Peugeot, Renault, Rhône-Poulenc, Saint-Gobain, Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer français (SNCF), Thomson, Total and others). Of the fifty most important and best-performing corporate enterprises in France, nearly half are headed by a polytechnicien Most importantly, this is where the Science-oriented part of the ESTABLISHMENT is nurtured. (Then there's the ENA ...) Reference: http://www.polytechnique.fr/VA/about/instit.html |
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Grading comment
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