marge opérationelle
English translation: operating margin
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| 12:54 Jan 14, 2002 |
| French to English translations [Non-PRO] Tech/Engineering | ||||
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|  Selected response from: mckinnc Local time: 02:43 | |||
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| 5 +5 | operating margin |
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| 5 | operational margin |
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3 mins confidence: 
operational margin Explanation: Ref.: ... from sales of equity interests). Software AG's operational margin further improved and reached 21 percent, breaking the 20-percent mark for the first time. ... www.softwareag.com/corporat/news/oct2001/resultsQ3_2001.ht |
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14 mins confidence: peer agreement (net): +5
peer agreement (net): +5operating margin Explanation: An important measure of profit for a company. I often have this term to translate in my business/stock market translations: Calculated by dividing a company's operating profit by net sales. Also known as operating profit margin or net profit margin, itis a useful tool in measuring pricing strategy and operating efficiency. From the Motley Fool UK: Operating Margin In the first article in this series, we looked at a company's gross margin. Now we move on to look at another measure of a company's profitability -- operating (or trading) margin. A company's profit and loss account will typically start something like: 'Year 2' 'Year 1' Sales 100,000 90,000 Cost of Sales (60,000) (55,000) ------------ ----------- Gross Profit 40,000 35,000 Operating Expenses (10,000) (9,000) ----------- ----------- Operating Profit 30,000 26,000 In 'Year 2' the gross margin was 40% (40,000 / 100,000) compared with 38.8% in 'Year 1'. Operating (or Trading) Margin: Operating Profit Operating Margin = -------------------- Turnover In the above example, the operating margin for 'Year 2' was 30% (30,000 / 100,000) and 28.9% for 'Year 1'. Whilst gross margin measures profitability based on the direct costs of getting a product ready for sale, operating margin takes into account the profit after deducting the other running costs of the business. The operating margin is a useful tool when comparing one year's results to another. In the above example it has improved by 3.8% from 'Year 1' to 'Year 2'. That coupled with the improvement in gross margin will almost certainly lead to net (after interest & tax) profit growth. Companies that can increase turnover and margins, and keep on doing so, are often worth their weight in gold. In fast growing companies, operating costs can sometimes run way ahead of themselves, causing potential problems in the future. For example, recruiting a whole load of new sales staff in anticipation of a product release date can add a lot of new operating costs. If the product is subsequently delayed, or worse still a flop, the company will not only have to pay the sales staff whilst they're sitting around waiting for launch date, but it may also ultimately have to pay expensive redundancy costs. Using the operating margin as an analytical tool can sometimes help an investor spot this type of situation. Whilst we're on the subject of operating expenses, and connected to the operating margin, is the operating expenses to turnover ratio. This is simply: Operating Expenses ------------------------ Turnover In the above example, this ratio is 10% (10,000 / 100,000 or 9,000 / 90,000) for both years. Any substantial rise in this percentage may be reason for some concern. Ideally, as an investor you'd like to see this ratio coming down as a company expands and its head office costs are spread over a larger revenue base. When looking at gross margin, coffee mug manufacturer Mugs Away Plc (LSE: MUG) kindly agreed to let us analyse its books. We will do so again today to find out the types of expenses that will typically be included in the catch-all "Operating Expenses." You will remember that Mugs Away has one employee, Mavis, who does nothing else but make mugs. Her salary, the raw material, the factory costs, in fact the total costs of producing the mugs were included in cost of sales. But what about the other employee, her husband Michael? He runs their Maidenhead shop and head office, right next door to the factory, which is chock full of Mavis' mugs. His, and the shop's costs are included in "Operating Expenses." They would be something like: Michael's annual salary £12,000 Stationery & postage £2,000 Depreciation £500 Shop rental £1,000 Shop light, heat & power £400 Computer depreciation £700 Packaging costs (boxes & bubble wrap) £1,000 Research & Development (plastic mugs) £400 Total £18,000 In the first margins article, we found the cost of producing 365 Mugs in a year was £25,550. Now, we know the Operating Expenses, or the day to day running costs of the shop and head office functions. Adding the two together gives total costs of £43,550 or £118.99 per mug. Sounds expensive, but believe me, these mugs are impressive works of art! Once again, as with gross margin, any decrease in costs can improve a company's operating margin and therefore usually its net profit margin. Companies that can consistently do this are usually rewarded with a rising share price. And that's what we're all in this for. In the final article in this margins series, we conclude with a look at the net profit margin, arguably the only margin that really counts. It takes into account the interest and tax amounts and leads us to a company's net profit. This is the number from which the all important earnings per share (EPS) is calculated. Reference: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/operatingmargin.asp Reference: http://www.fool.co.uk/school/margins2.htm |
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