German to English translations [PRO]
Tech/Engineering - Architecture / Metallurgy/Casting | | German term or phrase: in Kupfer getrieben | Diese Statuen und Reliefs sind im Original - in Naturstein gemeißelt, in Kupfer getrieben oder als Stuckornamente - an der Außenfassade und in den Innenräumen des Domes wiederzuentdecken.
I'm not sure of the correct English term here; the context is statuary at the Berlin Cathedral. Are they "machined" from copper (http://www.hunza.co.nz/copper-luminaires.html), or is casting the correct term? None of my usual references have been helpful, so if any colleagues have any feedback or suggestions I would be most grateful. |
|  Erik WernerKudoZ activityQuestions: 17 (none open) ( 1 without valid answers) Answers: 11
| |
| | beaten in copper | Explanation:
This would be my preferred translation.
Hand-beaten in copper this larger than life sculpture was commissioned as centrepiece for a conference of inter-governmental interpreters hosted by The House of Commons in December 1998. It is planned to be incorporated into a wall mounted-garden feature with water running in rivulets through a wreath of acanthus beaten in copper in which the head is to be set.
http://website.lineone.net/~rktaylor/html/copper.html
This is a new design of tall fountain in 2008, based on the sacred Lotus plant. The large spherical flower heads and many curly circular leaves on tall wavy stems are characteristic of this plant . They are all hand beaten in copper.
Water streams from the flower heads and drops onto the many leaves before falling into the pool below, to give a pleasant musical sound. The multitudinous streams and droplets of water catch the light, particularly in sunny weather.
http://www.humphreybowden.com/catalogue_item.php?catID=1396&...
Statue of Our Lady of Peace
This statue is regarded as a fine work of art. It shows Our lady with a distinctly irish face holding in her hands two symbols of peace--a flower and a dove. She is standing on a tree trunk. The artist means to represent life and growth. The statue is beaten in copper by Imogen Stuart. It was commissioned by Mons. Bob Murphy about 1975.
http://homepage.eircom.net/~brendanstralee/Church/
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Note added at 19 hrs (2011-07-09 14:42:55 GMT)
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Although this may not always be reliable, it is worth noting that 'beaten in copper' receives vastly more hits than 'hammered in copper'. I think hammering is only one of several methods of (or tools used for) working/beating copper. Unless you know it was specifically 'hammered' I would go for this term, more widely used in sculptural circles.
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Note added at 20 hrs (2011-07-09 16:03:46 GMT)
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Repoussé and chasing work:
The techniques of repoussé and chasing utilise the plasticity of metal, forming shapes by degrees. There is no loss of metal in the process, as it is stretched locally and the surface remains continuous. The process is relatively slow, but a maximum of form is achieved, with one continuous surface of sheet metal of essentially the same thickness. Direct contact of the tools used is usually visible in the result, a condition not always apparent in other techniques, where all evidence of the working method is eliminated.
It can take some time to create jewelery or art using repoussé and chasing techniques, although with practice, complex and delicate pieces can be made which would be virtually impossible to complete using any other method.
There are different metals you can use for chasing and repousse work, such as drawn steel, silicon bronze, copper, gold, silver and pewter. The higher the content of copper, the more malleable the material will be.
The process of chasing / repousse takes a lot of time due to the repetition of a number of time-consuming stages: The first step is the preparation of the metal by annealing; cleaning to remove the pitch between annealing and work; setting up; and careful work with punches. This process is typically repeated many times during the creation of a chasing/repousse work.
One method of repoussé and chasing is to place a thin sheet of metal on a bowl of chasers pitch. This chasers pitch can be pine rosin based that can be kept slightly soft with a heat gun or plumbers torch for relief work and hardens when cooled for chasing/planishing work. It can become extremely soft or liquefied when heated too much, becoming somewhat of a burn hazard. It is not recommended, nor necessary to heat the pitch to this degree.
The purpose of using pitch is to provide a solid base to work on, whilst allowing the metal to be pushed out and shaped without obstruction. The pitch is best worked on in a pitch bowl or "pitch board." The pitch bowl is a cast iron bowl which sits on a bag stuffed with sand or on a rubber ring specifically made for this purpose. This allows for greater stability, rotation and angling. The pitch is heated using a hairdryer, or an industrial blowdryer. If the pitch is too hard, the metal will be thinned. If it is too soft, you have very little control over the form. A good medium grade chasers pitch works well because it softens enough to allow for satisfactory relief and cools to a firmness that is sufficient for chasing, planishing and detail work.
Repoussè on tin sheet - "Greek horse" by Mexican artist Manolo Vega, 2011
Steel tools are used to work the metal. A "liner" is a steel tool/punch with a very thin, slightly rounded end, that is used to create the initial lines on the metal. The liner is hit on the end with a chasing hammer, pushing a thin line of metal into the pitch. The side facing up will consequently be the front of the piece. Once all the lines have been chased, the metal is then turned over on the pitch, and repoussé technique is then applied, using other various steel punches/tools to push the metal so that it is raised on the front of the finished piece.
Once the repousse is done - the design raised, the piece is inverted, and the voids are filled with warm pitch to help maintain its shape. The pitch should be allowed to set in the voids and cool before the piece is turned over and placed back on the pitch. Once the piece of metal is turned over and then chased, in that the details are refined and brought out. The design is worked many times, with numerous tools, before the final result is achieved.
Every time the metal is removed from the pitch bowl, it needs to be cleaned and re-annealed. Turpentine is used to remove the pitch, and a blow torch can also be used to burn it off.
When working with the pitch, make sure you are working with gloves, safety glasses and good ventilation and as always, when working with any type of open flame, make sure there is an appropriate fire extinquisher close by.
[edit] Tools
There are hundreds of tools which can be used. They are generally made by the jeweller/crafts person. They are typically made from bars of tool steel, which is forged and tempered at the tip. A saw can be used to cut designs into the tip for making patterns, or the tool can be hammered onto a patterned surface, which will indent the tip. The end of the tool which is to be hammered should be bevelled to allow for expansion of the metal from repeated hammering. Some of the main styles of tool include: Liners, planishers, matting, and doming. Liners have thin tips, which are slightly rounded. If they are too thin they will cut the metal. They are used in the initial marking out of the design, and in the finishing stages to refine any thin outlines. Planishers have smooth, flat tips which are used for pushing out large, flat areas of metal. Matting tools have patterns cut into them, and provide detail to areas of the design. Matting tools can also be made by filing a thin line around a steel bar, hardening it, then snapping it. This will result in a fine grain pattern. Doming tools push out rounded areas of metal, and can either be round or oval, quite pointed or almost flat. An oxyacetylene torch, coal forge or propane forge is required for heating the steel sufficiently for forging. The more tools available, the easier it is to create a detailed, accurate piece.
Embossing:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embossing_(manufacturing) |
| Selected response from:
 Helen Shiner
United Kingdom
Local time: 02:55
| Grading comment I've decided to go with "beaten in copper", as I don't have enough context to know which tools were used. However, thanks to both of you for all of the helpful information and links!
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer |
| |
| Discussion entries: 0 |
|---|
Automatic update in 00:
|
14 mins confidence:   peer agreement (net): +1 hammered in copper
Explanation:
I believe this would be a good way to translated your term in this context.
This 34 in. Hogfish has been hand hammered in copper with the colors from a heat reduction technigue and is clear coated.
http://coppersculpture.com/pag2.htm
| Kim Metzger
Mexico
Local time: 20:55
Works in field
Native speaker of:  English
PRO pts in category: 343
|
| |
4 hrs confidence: beaten in copper
Explanation:
This would be my preferred translation.
Hand-beaten in copper this larger than life sculpture was commissioned as centrepiece for a conference of inter-governmental interpreters hosted by The House of Commons in December 1998. It is planned to be incorporated into a wall mounted-garden feature with water running in rivulets through a wreath of acanthus beaten in copper in which the head is to be set.
http://website.lineone.net/~rktaylor/html/copper.html
This is a new design of tall fountain in 2008, based on the sacred Lotus plant. The large spherical flower heads and many curly circular leaves on tall wavy stems are characteristic of this plant . They are all hand beaten in copper.
Water streams from the flower heads and drops onto the many leaves before falling into the pool below, to give a pleasant musical sound. The multitudinous streams and droplets of water catch the light, particularly in sunny weather.
http://www.humphreybowden.com/catalogue_item.php?catID=1396&...
Statue of Our Lady of Peace
This statue is regarded as a fine work of art. It shows Our lady with a distinctly irish face holding in her hands two symbols of peace--a flower and a dove. She is standing on a tree trunk. The artist means to represent life and growth. The statue is beaten in copper by Imogen Stuart. It was commissioned by Mons. Bob Murphy about 1975.
http://homepage.eircom.net/~brendanstralee/Church/
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 19 hrs (2011-07-09 14:42:55 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Although this may not always be reliable, it is worth noting that 'beaten in copper' receives vastly more hits than 'hammered in copper'. I think hammering is only one of several methods of (or tools used for) working/beating copper. Unless you know it was specifically 'hammered' I would go for this term, more widely used in sculptural circles.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 20 hrs (2011-07-09 16:03:46 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Repoussé and chasing work:
The techniques of repoussé and chasing utilise the plasticity of metal, forming shapes by degrees. There is no loss of metal in the process, as it is stretched locally and the surface remains continuous. The process is relatively slow, but a maximum of form is achieved, with one continuous surface of sheet metal of essentially the same thickness. Direct contact of the tools used is usually visible in the result, a condition not always apparent in other techniques, where all evidence of the working method is eliminated.
It can take some time to create jewelery or art using repoussé and chasing techniques, although with practice, complex and delicate pieces can be made which would be virtually impossible to complete using any other method.
There are different metals you can use for chasing and repousse work, such as drawn steel, silicon bronze, copper, gold, silver and pewter. The higher the content of copper, the more malleable the material will be.
The process of chasing / repousse takes a lot of time due to the repetition of a number of time-consuming stages: The first step is the preparation of the metal by annealing; cleaning to remove the pitch between annealing and work; setting up; and careful work with punches. This process is typically repeated many times during the creation of a chasing/repousse work.
One method of repoussé and chasing is to place a thin sheet of metal on a bowl of chasers pitch. This chasers pitch can be pine rosin based that can be kept slightly soft with a heat gun or plumbers torch for relief work and hardens when cooled for chasing/planishing work. It can become extremely soft or liquefied when heated too much, becoming somewhat of a burn hazard. It is not recommended, nor necessary to heat the pitch to this degree.
The purpose of using pitch is to provide a solid base to work on, whilst allowing the metal to be pushed out and shaped without obstruction. The pitch is best worked on in a pitch bowl or "pitch board." The pitch bowl is a cast iron bowl which sits on a bag stuffed with sand or on a rubber ring specifically made for this purpose. This allows for greater stability, rotation and angling. The pitch is heated using a hairdryer, or an industrial blowdryer. If the pitch is too hard, the metal will be thinned. If it is too soft, you have very little control over the form. A good medium grade chasers pitch works well because it softens enough to allow for satisfactory relief and cools to a firmness that is sufficient for chasing, planishing and detail work.
Repoussè on tin sheet - "Greek horse" by Mexican artist Manolo Vega, 2011
Steel tools are used to work the metal. A "liner" is a steel tool/punch with a very thin, slightly rounded end, that is used to create the initial lines on the metal. The liner is hit on the end with a chasing hammer, pushing a thin line of metal into the pitch. The side facing up will consequently be the front of the piece. Once all the lines have been chased, the metal is then turned over on the pitch, and repoussé technique is then applied, using other various steel punches/tools to push the metal so that it is raised on the front of the finished piece.
Once the repousse is done - the design raised, the piece is inverted, and the voids are filled with warm pitch to help maintain its shape. The pitch should be allowed to set in the voids and cool before the piece is turned over and placed back on the pitch. Once the piece of metal is turned over and then chased, in that the details are refined and brought out. The design is worked many times, with numerous tools, before the final result is achieved.
Every time the metal is removed from the pitch bowl, it needs to be cleaned and re-annealed. Turpentine is used to remove the pitch, and a blow torch can also be used to burn it off.
When working with the pitch, make sure you are working with gloves, safety glasses and good ventilation and as always, when working with any type of open flame, make sure there is an appropriate fire extinquisher close by.
[edit] Tools
There are hundreds of tools which can be used. They are generally made by the jeweller/crafts person. They are typically made from bars of tool steel, which is forged and tempered at the tip. A saw can be used to cut designs into the tip for making patterns, or the tool can be hammered onto a patterned surface, which will indent the tip. The end of the tool which is to be hammered should be bevelled to allow for expansion of the metal from repeated hammering. Some of the main styles of tool include: Liners, planishers, matting, and doming. Liners have thin tips, which are slightly rounded. If they are too thin they will cut the metal. They are used in the initial marking out of the design, and in the finishing stages to refine any thin outlines. Planishers have smooth, flat tips which are used for pushing out large, flat areas of metal. Matting tools have patterns cut into them, and provide detail to areas of the design. Matting tools can also be made by filing a thin line around a steel bar, hardening it, then snapping it. This will result in a fine grain pattern. Doming tools push out rounded areas of metal, and can either be round or oval, quite pointed or almost flat. An oxyacetylene torch, coal forge or propane forge is required for heating the steel sufficiently for forging. The more tools available, the easier it is to create a detailed, accurate piece.
Embossing:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embossing_(manufacturing)
| Helen Shiner
United Kingdom
Local time: 02:55
Specializes in field
Native speaker of: English
PRO pts in category: 143
|
| | Grading comment | I've decided to go with "beaten in copper", as I don't have enough context to know which tools were used. However, thanks to both of you for all of the helpful information and links! |
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