Stirn- und Scheitellappen
English translation: frontal lobe
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| 12:27 Aug 26, 2001 |
| German to English translations [PRO] Science | |||||||
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|  Selected response from: Ulrike Lieder (X) Local time: 16:26 | ||||||
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| Summary of answers provided | ||||
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| na | frontal lobes |
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| na | Frontal lobe (Lobus frontalis), Parietal lobe (Lobus parietalis) |
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| na | Stirnlappen - frontal lobe; Scheitellappen - parietal lobe |
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Answers
17 mins
frontal lobes Explanation: Stirnlappen could be "frontal lobes" = front portions of the cerebral hemispheres (responsible for complex thought processes). Scheitellappen = No idea! I´m sorry! HTH Damian just guessing |
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31 mins
Frontal lobe (Lobus frontalis), Parietal lobe (Lobus parietalis) Explanation: I think I found some useful information: Funktionszentren und Hirnlappen: Die Großhirnrinde wird in vier Hirnlappen unterteilt, die jeweils unterschiedliche Funktionszentren beinhalten. Funktionzentren werden meist durch Ansammlungen von Nervenzellen gebildet, die als Rindenfelder bezeichnet werden. Dabei dienen motorische Rindenfelder der Steuerung von Bewegungen der Skelettmuskulatur, sensorische Rindenfelder verarbeiten Sinneseindrücke, die zum Großhirn geleitet werden. Assoziationsfelder verknüpfen die Impulse verschiedener Rindenfelder miteinander. Der paarige Stirnlappen (Lobus frontalis, Frontallappen) liegt in der vorderen Schädelgrube und beherbergt das Broca-Sprachzentrum sowie Funktionszentren für Kurzzeitgedächtnis, Handlungsplanung und Motivation. In der vorderen Zentralwindung (Gyrus praecentralis) des Stirnlappens liegt außerdem das primäre motorische Rindenfeld. Die ableitenden Nervenfasern aus diesem Bereich verlaufen in einem Bündel, der Pyramidenbahn, zum Rückenmark. In der hinteren Zentralwindung (Gyrus postcentralis), die zum Bereich des Scheitellappens (Lobus parietalis, Parietallappen) gehört, liegt das primäre sensorische Rindenfeld, das für die Wahrnehmung und Speicherung von Eindrücken der Oberflächen- und Tiefensensibilität zuständig ist. Projektionsbahnen führen diesem Rindenfeld Impulse zu. Im Grenzbereich von Scheitel- und Schläfenlappen befinden sich ein Zentrum für Sprachverständnis, das Wernicke-Sprachzentrum, und das Lesezentrum. Der Schläfenlappen (Lobus temporalis, Temporallappen) beherbergt in einem Rindenfeld das primäre Hörzentrum und andere Rindenfelder für akustische Reize. Der Hinterhauptslappen (Lobus occipitalis, Okzipitallappen) liegt in der hinteren Schädelgrube, in ihm befindet sich das Sehzentrum der Rinde. HTH :-) Damian Reference: http://www.almeda.de/home/brockhaus/1,2785,4549,00.html |
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1 hr
Stirnlappen - frontal lobe; Scheitellappen - parietal lobe Explanation: The previous answer is entirely correct, but I thought that the following references might be of some help. The Cerebral Cortex The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of nerve cell bodies the cover the entire outer surface of the cerebral hemispheres. There are over 100 billion individual nerve cells in the cerebral cortex and each is connected to up to 50,000 adjacent nerve cells and axons. The cortex is divided into lobes - the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. Frontal Lobe The frontal lobe is by far the largest lobe of the cerebral cortex comprising nearly 2/3rds of the total surface of the cortex. The frontal lobe represents the highest level of neural evolution and is larger in humans than in any other primate. The frontal lobe is concerned with personality, emotional coloring, foresight, complex decision making, voluntary movement and the motor-speech control area. The primary motor area of the frontal lobe is often affected by stroke and damage in this area will present as one-sided weakness (hemiparesis) in the hand, arm, face, throat, trunk and/or leg on the opposite side of the body from the brain damage. Blood supply to the frontal lobe is via the middle and anterior cerebral arteries -which are branches of the anterior or carotid arterial system. Frontal Lobe Damage The frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex contains areas responsible for a wide variety of functions. Depending on the location of the lesion, damage to the frontal lobe may cause changes in motor control, speech, memory and emotional/motivational behavior. Strokes affecting the motor control and speech areas of the frontal lobe are some of the most common types of stroke seen in the acute hospital setting. The frontal lobe contains the primary motor cortex and is the origin of part of the pyramidal or corticospinal tract, a nerve tract responsible for control of voluntary movement - especially fine hand control. Damage to the primary motor cortex causes hemiparesis - weakness of the hand and arm on the side of the body opposite to the brain lesion. The frontal lobe also contains Broca's area - the main speech output area of the brain and damage to this part of the frontal lobe causes Broca's aphasia. Broca's aphasia impairs the ability to speak fluently but does not affect the ability to understand the spoken word of others. Lesions in other areas of the frontal lobe including the supplementary motor and premotor cortices impair the ability to create appropriate strategies or to create a plan of movement. Damage to these areas of the frontal lobe are the cause of movement apraxia - an impairment in the ability to plan and carry out complex movements that require muscle sequencing and precise planning. Damage to other areas of the frontal lobe may cause impairment of working memory and affect the ability to weigh the consequences of personal actions. The Parietal Lobe The parietal lobe is located just behind the frontal lobe and is separated from the frontal lobe by the central sulcus. The main function of the parietal lobe is processing of somatosensory information such as touch, vibration, pain and position sense (proprioception). Located in this part of the cortex are the primary somatosensory area, which is the final destination of the spinothalamic tract, and other sensory tracts that transmit information from the peripheral nervous system to the cortex via the thalamus. Specific parts of the parietal lobe are responsible for tactile perceptions such as recognizing objects by touch (stereognosis) and for tactile guidance of limb movement and visual control of eye and hand movements. The areas of the parietal lobe that lie closest to the frontal, temporal and occipital lobes form transition areas which function to integrate visual, somatosensory and motor commands. The parietal lobe of the non-dominant hemisphere (right side) is concerned with spatial awareness and the ability to perform and understand spatial relationships. Damage to the right parietal lobe may cause a disorder called contralateral neglect in which the person is unaware of the opposite side of the body and unaware of objects in the left half of the visual field. Blood supply to the parietal lobe is via the anterior or carotid arterial system. Parietal Lobe Damage General damage to the sensory cortex is referred to as agnosia. Agnosia is the inability to understand the meaning of a sensory stimulus despite being alert, non-aphasic and having intact sensation. Agnosia can affect any sensory modality including vision, touch, sound, taste and proprioception. www.nursingceu.com/NCEU/courses/nervous/ Tactual perception tests were impaired in 59 percent on the non-dominant hand, but only 39 on the dominant hand. This difference between the right and left hand is significant (using Cochran's Q test), and indicates bilateral parietal lobe dysfunction, worse in the right parietal lobe. Right parietal lobe dysfunction is associated with a decrease in visual-spatial perception. Left parietal lobe dysfunction is associated with dyscalculia, among other things. www.in.nl/sites/me-cvs/E1991/BASTIE.TXT |
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