20:13 Jul 29, 2014 |
Polish to English translations [PRO] Science - Agriculture / pathogenic fungi | |||||||
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3 +1 | Lophodermium needlecast |
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Lophodermium needlecast Explanation: Osutka wiosenna sosny Sprawcy: Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley et Millar, Lophodermium pinastri (Schrad.) Chev. Jest to choroba o dużym znaczeniu gospodarczym, znana od ponad 100 lat, występująca epidemicznie tylko na sośnie zwyczajnej, Na zakażonych igłach (infekcja zachodzi w okresie od końca wiosny do października) pojawiają się najpierw małe, żółtawe, ostro zarysowane plamki. Często, ale nie zawsze, wskazują one miejsca, w których nastąpiło zakażenie igieł, i wtedy słusznie można je nazwać plamkami infekcyjnymi. Atakowane są głównie igły pędów tegorocznych (inaczej: majowych). Już we wrześniu mogą wystąpić (jeżeli sprawcą choroby jest grzyb Lophodermium pinastri obejmujące cały obwód zakażonych igieł żółtawe kreski, które później, na zamarłych już igłach, czernieją. Również od września mogą się już zacząć pojawiać przebarwienia całych igieł od żółtobrunatnego do brązowego z czerwonymi odcieniami. - http://www.encyklopedia.lasypolskie.pl/doku.php?id=o:osutka-... ------- http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosna_zwyczajna -> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scots_pine ---------- Lophodermium needlecast Hosts: Spruce and Pine Distribution and Disease Cycle: Description of this image follows Lophodermium needlecast on Scots pine. Photo credit: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service Lophodermium infections can cause extensive defoliation in spruce and pine, which can stunt young trees or with severe infections, lead to death. Infection in older trees is generally not fatal, but defoliation can lead to sparse looking branches. Two main species of the fungus are present in western Canada; Lophodermium picea, a pathogen of spruce and L. pinastri, a pathogen of pine. Infection occurs on current year's needles in later summer, with symptoms not appearing until the following spring. Spores erupt from infected needles during moist weather in late summer or fall, spreading by wind and rain to infect the current year's needles. Symptoms and signs: Yellow or reddish brown spots with yellow margins appear on infected needles in late winter or spring. Eventually the entire needle turns yellow, then reddish-brown, with severely infected needles appearing scorched. - http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/science-and-innovation/agricultural... -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 4 hrs (2014-07-30 00:45:31 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- The traditional Christmas tree of Indiana, <bb>Scotch pine, is frequently apt to have lower needles which brown and drop. This problem is often caused by a fungal disease known as Lophodermium needlecast. Though the disease is only rarely important under forest conditions it can cause severe loss in nursery operations and Christmas tree plantations. It may also cause unsightly damage to Scotch pine grown for ornamental purposes or as windbreaks. Cause Lophodermium needlecast is caused by the fungus Lophodermium pinastri. During rainy weather in August, September, and October, windborne spores of the fungus are carried from diseased to healthy needles. Most spore release occurs in September. If weather conditions are favorable, once a spore lands on a needle it will germinate and cause infection; however, needle infection will not be noticed until the following spring when trees begin to brown and drop needles. https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/BP/BP-52.html -------------- Osutka wiosenna sosny Sprawcy: Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley et Millar, Lophodermium pinastri - http://www.encyklopedia.lasypolskie.pl/doku.php?id=o:osutka-... |
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