Franco-maçonaria
English translation: Freemasonry
| GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW) | ||||||
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| 14:43 Jun 7, 2002 |
| Portuguese to English translations [PRO] Art/Literary | |||||
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|  Selected response from: Andreas Pompl Germany Local time: 18:47 | ||||
Grading comment
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| Summary of answers provided | ||||
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| 4 +3 | Freemasons |
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| 4 +1 | Freemasonry |
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Answers
10 mins confidence: 
peer agreement (net): +3
peer agreement (net): +3Freemasons Explanation: + -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 2002-06-07 14:55:18 (GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Spain and Portugal are doubtless the two European countries whose history of Freemasonry was the most dramatic and the periods of anti-Masonic repression the most brutal. The omnipresence of the Roman Catholic Church, fierce adversary of Free Masonry and its tolerance in religious matters until the end of the twentieth century, and its broad implication in political affairs in these countries, was certainly instrumental. The first Spanish Lodge was founded in 1728 in Madrid, by the Duke of Wharton, past Grand-Master of the Grand Lodge of London, exiled because of his loyalty to the Stuart cause. It was highly successful but the persecutions started as of 1740, when King Phillip V decided to obey the bull of Pope Clement XII. Masons were banished, imprisoned, condemned to the galleys. Freemasonry continued to evolve, however, among the English and French living in Spain. The situation worsened again in 1751 when King Ferdinand VI authorised the Inquisition to persecute the Brethren. Conditions returned to normal under the reign of Charles III and in 1780 the \"Grand Orient of Spain\" was founded, whose first Grand-Master was a Minister, the Count of Aranda. |
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