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гарантийный запас топлива

English translation: contingency propellant (in spacecraft)


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GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW)
Russian term or phrase:гарантийный запас топлива (в космических аппаратах)
English translation:contingency propellant (in spacecraft)
Entered by: Andrei B
Options:
- Contribute to this entry
- Include in personal glossary

17:52 Feb 26, 2011
Russian to English translations [PRO]
Tech/Engineering - Aerospace / Aviation / Space
Russian term or phrase: гарантийный запас топлива
Гарантийный запас топлива -- большее, чем расчётное, количеством топлива на случай любых отклонений реальных условий полёта от расчётных. Гарантийный запас топлива создаётся за счёт полезного груза.
Nik-On/Off
Ukraine
Local time: 14:51
contingency fuel
Explanation:
Подробное определение (см. первую ссылку):
"CONTINGENCY FUEL = An additional amount of fuel to provide for the increased consumption on the occurrence of any potential contingencies, including errors in forecast wind/temperature, as well as ATC restrictions on Flight Level, route, and speed schedule.
The contingency fuel amount is the greater of:
5% of trip fuel or 15 minutes of holding fuel at 1500 feet flaps up at the planned landing weight at the destination.
If en-route alternates are available the contingency amount is the greater of:
3% of trip fuel or 15 minutes of holding fuel at 1500 feet flaps up at the planned landing weight at the destination, or 5% of trip fuel required from abeam/overhead an en-route alternate to the destination.
The normal contingency fuel ranges from a minimum of 2100 KG to a maximum of 4500 KG"

Краткое определение (см. вторую ссылку):
Allowances
"Allowances = An amount of fuel included in the reserves to take account of factors that were unforeseen in the planning stage of a mission. These factors include: deviation of an individual aircraft from the expected performance level; en-route winds which may have been higher than expected; and deviations from planned routeings or flight levels. The allowance is often based upon a percentage of trip fuel for the mission, or mission flight time. Also known as CONTINGENCY FUEL"

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 3 час (2011-02-26 21:36:38 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

УТОЧНЕНИЕ (поскольку речь о космических аппаратах):
гарантийный запас топлива = propellant contingency ИЛИ contingency propellant

Из статьи "Жидкостный ракетный двигатель" в Википедии:
"Из-за технологического разброса гидравлических сопротивлений трактов горючего и окислителя соотношение расходов компонентов у реального двигателя отличается от расчётного, что влечёт за собой снижение тяги и удельного импульса по отношению к расчётным значениям. В результате ракета может так и не выполнить свою задачу, израсходовав полностью один из компонентов топлива. На заре ракетостроения с этим боролись, создавая гарантийный запас топлива (ракету заправляют большим, чем расчётное, количеством топлива, чтобы его хватило при любых отклонениях реальных условий полёта от расчётных). Гарантийный запас топлива создаётся за счёт полезного груза"

О том же в книге "Rocket Propulsion Elements"
by G.P. Sutton and O. Biblarz (2001, 7th edition)
p. 388 (Section 10.3. Propellant Budget):
"The off-nominal rocket performance is due to variations in the manufacture from one engine to another [...]: these cause slight changes in combustion behavior, mixture ratio, or specific impulse. If there are slight variations in mixture ratio, one of the two liquid propellants will be consumed fully and an unusable residue will remain in the other propellant's tank. If a minimum total impulse requirement has to be met, extra propellant has to be tanked to allow for these mixture ratio variations."
Там же, стр. 598:
"Total propellant and propellant contingency necessary to accomplish a specific mission will depend on such factors as residual fuel and oxidizer allowances at motor cutoff [...] which impact overall mixture ratio and oxidizer utilization [...]"

Дополнительные примеры:
- "Contingency propellant has been allocated to accommodate off-nominal operations"
see
http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/8819/1/02-...
page 11
- "For a Mars 1986 conjunction mission with a 580 day staytime, the velocity penalties... range between 40 and 365 fps. The corresponding contingency propellant requirements are approximately 0.3% and 3.0% of the total weight of the orbiting spacecraft."
see
http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/1979007...
page 34
Selected response from:

Andrei B
Local time: 15:51
Grading comment
Всем большое спасибо!
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer



Summary of answers provided
5safe margin of fuel
Alex Marshall
4gaurantee of fuel stock
cyhul
4guarantee propellant capacity (margin)
Farida Vyachkileva
5 -1contingency fuelAndrei B
4security stock of fuel
Alexander Ryshow


Discussion entries: 6





  

Answers


4 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5
security stock of fuel


Explanation:


--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 4 мин (2011-02-26 17:57:28 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

или security fuel stock(s)

Alexander Ryshow
Belarus
Local time: 14:51
Native speaker of: Native in RussianRussian
PRO pts in category: 15
Notes to answerer
Asker: Поспешили, Александр.

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1 hr   confidence: Answerer confidence 5/5
safe margin of fuel


Explanation:
...

Alex Marshall
United States
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
disagree  Andrei B: A translation of the standard term гарантийный запас топлива must an equivalent standard term, whereas "safe margin of fuel" is a loose description, not a term// Safe margin is even less relevant as applied to space flight. See also my refined answer
18 mins
  -> let's discuss this (see comments above). contingency fuel = Компенсационный запас топлива... see here: http://www.intelonics.com/18_AN-74_VOC.pdf, for example

agree  Jinglebob: convincing
57 mins
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1 hr   confidence: Answerer confidence 5/5 peer agreement (net): -1
contingency fuel


Explanation:
Подробное определение (см. первую ссылку):
"CONTINGENCY FUEL = An additional amount of fuel to provide for the increased consumption on the occurrence of any potential contingencies, including errors in forecast wind/temperature, as well as ATC restrictions on Flight Level, route, and speed schedule.
The contingency fuel amount is the greater of:
5% of trip fuel or 15 minutes of holding fuel at 1500 feet flaps up at the planned landing weight at the destination.
If en-route alternates are available the contingency amount is the greater of:
3% of trip fuel or 15 minutes of holding fuel at 1500 feet flaps up at the planned landing weight at the destination, or 5% of trip fuel required from abeam/overhead an en-route alternate to the destination.
The normal contingency fuel ranges from a minimum of 2100 KG to a maximum of 4500 KG"

Краткое определение (см. вторую ссылку):
Allowances
"Allowances = An amount of fuel included in the reserves to take account of factors that were unforeseen in the planning stage of a mission. These factors include: deviation of an individual aircraft from the expected performance level; en-route winds which may have been higher than expected; and deviations from planned routeings or flight levels. The allowance is often based upon a percentage of trip fuel for the mission, or mission flight time. Also known as CONTINGENCY FUEL"

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 3 час (2011-02-26 21:36:38 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

УТОЧНЕНИЕ (поскольку речь о космических аппаратах):
гарантийный запас топлива = propellant contingency ИЛИ contingency propellant

Из статьи "Жидкостный ракетный двигатель" в Википедии:
"Из-за технологического разброса гидравлических сопротивлений трактов горючего и окислителя соотношение расходов компонентов у реального двигателя отличается от расчётного, что влечёт за собой снижение тяги и удельного импульса по отношению к расчётным значениям. В результате ракета может так и не выполнить свою задачу, израсходовав полностью один из компонентов топлива. На заре ракетостроения с этим боролись, создавая гарантийный запас топлива (ракету заправляют большим, чем расчётное, количеством топлива, чтобы его хватило при любых отклонениях реальных условий полёта от расчётных). Гарантийный запас топлива создаётся за счёт полезного груза"

О том же в книге "Rocket Propulsion Elements"
by G.P. Sutton and O. Biblarz (2001, 7th edition)
p. 388 (Section 10.3. Propellant Budget):
"The off-nominal rocket performance is due to variations in the manufacture from one engine to another [...]: these cause slight changes in combustion behavior, mixture ratio, or specific impulse. If there are slight variations in mixture ratio, one of the two liquid propellants will be consumed fully and an unusable residue will remain in the other propellant's tank. If a minimum total impulse requirement has to be met, extra propellant has to be tanked to allow for these mixture ratio variations."
Там же, стр. 598:
"Total propellant and propellant contingency necessary to accomplish a specific mission will depend on such factors as residual fuel and oxidizer allowances at motor cutoff [...] which impact overall mixture ratio and oxidizer utilization [...]"

Дополнительные примеры:
- "Contingency propellant has been allocated to accommodate off-nominal operations"
see
http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/8819/1/02-...
page 11
- "For a Mars 1986 conjunction mission with a 580 day staytime, the velocity penalties... range between 40 and 365 fps. The corresponding contingency propellant requirements are approximately 0.3% and 3.0% of the total weight of the orbiting spacecraft."
see
http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/1979007...
page 34



    Reference: http://www.aerowinx.de/downloads/PlanPerf.pdf
    Reference: http://www.ttlglearn.com/glossary.html
Andrei B
Local time: 15:51
Works in field
Native speaker of: Native in RussianRussian
PRO pts in category: 20
Grading comment
Всем большое спасибо!

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
disagree  Alex Marshall: The whole point is that the asker did not use a specific term: contingency fuel is merely a portion of fuel carried by an aircraft: taxi fuel + trip fuel + reserve fuel (contingency fuel + final reserve fuel + alternate fuel + holding fuel) + extra fuel
31 mins

agree  MariyaN
35 mins
  -> Thank you!

disagree  Jinglebob: Alex's explanations seem more convincing
44 mins
  -> My original suggestion might have been less convincing than Alex's, but both had been given with reference to aviation before the asker specified that the context was about space flight. I've modified mine accordingly. Hope you'll change your opinion too
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12 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5
guarantee propellant capacity (margin)


Explanation:
Propellant budget

Farida Vyachkileva
Local time: 15:51
Specializes in field
Native speaker of: Native in RussianRussian
PRO pts in category: 42
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2 days8 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5
gaurantee of fuel stock


Explanation:
++

cyhul
India
Local time: 17:21
Specializes in field
Native speaker of: Native in HindiHindi
PRO pts in category: 4
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Changes made by editors
Mar 3, 2011 - Changes made by Andrei B:
Created KOG entryKudoZ term => KOG term


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