GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW) | ||||||
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04:51 Aug 25, 2008 |
Russian to English translations [PRO] Medical - Medical (general) | |||||||
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| Selected response from: Maruti Shinde India Local time: 11:13 | ||||||
Grading comment
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Summary of answers provided | ||||
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5 +1 | Small bubbling rale/large bubbling rale |
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4 | Fine cracles/rales vs coarse cracles/rales |
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Small bubbling rale/large bubbling rale Explanation: http://multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=1&s=��������������� �����/���������������� �����&�����=����� |
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Fine cracles/rales vs coarse cracles/rales Explanation: Можно добавить в каждую категорию moist - оба вида относятся к влажным хрипам. http://www.mitaka-supply.com/02en_models/m164.php Major Category Intermittent rales (moist rales) Intermittent rales(moist rales) Minor Category Fine crackles Coarse crackles http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003323.htm Rales are small clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds in the lung. They are believed to occur when air opens closed air spaces. Rales can be further described as moist, dry, fine, and coarse. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rales Crackles (or rales) are caused by explosive opening of small airways. Crackles are often described as fine, medium, and coarse. http://www.annfammed.org/cgi/reprint/6/3/239.pdf Audible crackles were classified as fine or coarse crackles according to their dominant acoustic nature http://forums.studentdoctor.net/archive/index.php/t-350651.h... Now coming to discontinuos sound those are Crackles or rales Coarse >10 ms and fine crackles <10 ms. Fine crackles are soft and high piched sounds,crisp in nature,they are formed by explosive opening of small airways, (terminal bronchioles to alveoli) commonly seen in acute pulmonary edema and Interstial lung disease(post tussive rale they donot clear infact become more afer coughing), Coarse crepts are caused by air bubbling through fluid they are loud and low pitched sounds produced in Pneumonia,Obstructive lung disease and chronic pulmonary edema. |
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