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Explanation: As an English teacher at a Spanish secondary school, I am perfectly aware of what this is about. By the way, there are only 6 hits in google for "phrastic elements" (counting KUdoz), which suggests this is not a good choice.
Since it seems pretty obvious that the original author simply means "word order" and the "elementos frásticos" an unecessarily bombastic stylistic flourish....
I'm sure all of us here know what we're talking about. I am also a native English speaker (who uses her married name) and I have a 5-year degree in English Philology. I'm sure that jakebcn's "paper for grammar correction" asks teachers to check whether students have put the Subject, Verb and Object is the right place. Nothing more. If other elements had been required, this would have been stated.
I taught TEFL for 20 years before entering translation, hold the RSA DipTEFLA and am a native English speaker, with a degree in Russian and French. The discussion about SVO (word order or syntax) refers to certain aspects of the phrase or utterance but does not encompass all the phrasal elements. How individual trainers or commercial didactic materials choose to approach and present or describe the subject is another question entirely.
This discussion has induced me to research the issue further :) Up until now I have been relying on my memory which, incidentally, isn't too bad in these matters as I find language and words fascinating. I have posted my answer below!
...what you mean, Helena, but in all the books I've taught with what they mean by Word Order is what you call "Sentence building". Of course the fact that adjectives go before the noun is also about the order of words, but notice the example given is VSO
Word order: The cat, black, big caught a mouse small in the attic old morning yesterday. The subject, verb, object and adverbials are in the correct place but word order in each phrase is wrong.
Sentence building: A small mouse yesterday morning caught in the old attic a big, black cat. The word order is correct in each phrase, but the phrases are in the wrong place.
My younger students love playing this game as they see how easy it is for them to make decent-length sentences with only a limited knowledge of vocabulary.
for me its Subject (the big black cat) Verb (caught) Object (a small mouse) Place (in the attic) Time (yesterday morning). I have to remind my students not to put anything between verb and object, which they often do. (The cat caught in the attic the mouse)
I have looked up "elementos frásticos" in google and the few hits there are are always about English language teaching, and it always says SVO (Suject verb Object)
I am quite sure this is about worder, because SVO stands for Subject Verb Object. And this is an important part of the grammar curriculum in TESOL. It's especially difficult to pick up for Spanish students.
And we're not talking about word order. We're discussing where to put each phrase: the big, black cat caught a small mouse in the old attic yesterday morning. I won't bother changing the word order as I'm sure you get my point.
I have been teaching English as foreign language for many years. I think that elementos frasticos (my keyboard lacks the tilde) is as uncommon as phrastic elements. We're not talking about information for students, but information for teachers. And we all know that Spanish explanations are always rather high brow, for want of a better expression.
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Answers
22 mins confidence: peer agreement (net): +1
the components of a phrase
Explanation: maybe clearer than the phrastic elements - which is mostly used in highly academic documents. Also, elementos often means components.
Lanna Rustage Local time: 20:23 Works in field Native speaker of: English PRO pts in category: 4
Explanation: As an English teacher at a Spanish secondary school, I am perfectly aware of what this is about. By the way, there are only 6 hits in google for "phrastic elements" (counting KUdoz), which suggests this is not a good choice.
Anahí Seri Spain Local time: 20:23 Works in field Native speaker of: German, Spanish PRO pts in category: 10
Grading comment
Thanks a million
11 hrs confidence:
the constituent order of a clause
Explanation:
In linguistics, word order typology refers to the study of the order of the syntactic constituents of a language, and how different languages can employ different orders. Correlations between orders found in different syntactic subdomains are also of interest. The primary word orders that are of interest are the constituent order of a clause—the relative order of subject, object, and verb; the order of modifiers (adjectives, numerals, demonstratives, possessives, and adjuncts) in a noun phrase; and the order of adverbials.
It is well known that languages differ in whether or not they show noncanonical
constituent order in cases of subject focus (Contreras 1976, Vallduví
1992, Ladd 1996, Zubizarreta 1998, to cite just a few references), a phenomenon
that will be referred to henceforth as focus-related constituent order variation.
There are languages like English (SVO), where constructions with focused
subjects display canonical constituent order, with a focused subject receiving the
main pitch accent (marked by caps) in-situ, as in (1).
The translation workplace 
peer agreement (net): +1
