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cochinilla

English translation: cochineal (dye)


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GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW)
Spanish term or phrase:cochinilla
English translation:cochineal (dye)
Entered by: Claudia Robles
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02:22 May 22, 2007
Spanish to English translations [PRO]
Tourism & Travel / of a church
Spanish term or phrase: cochinilla
A principios del siglo XIX, es Icod la que ejerce la hegemonía comarcal, llegando a convertirse en 1.833 en la capital de la comarca de Daute. Durante este siglo, la exportación del vino se hunde drásticamente. Aparece como alternativa el comercio de la cochinilla y sobre todo, de la platanera y del tomate, pero sin lograr la incidencia positiva que tuvo el vino en la economía comarcal. A mediados del siglo XX el comercio del plátano se afianza, aunque no frenará el constante goteo migratorio hacia Venezuela.

Este es el contexto, es una guia turistica y se refiere al comercio en Gran Canaria en epocas coloniales.
Encontre por cochinilla: cochineal insect or (crustáceo) woodlouse. Luego vi en cochinillo: suckling pig.

Lo que no se es a cual se refiere, me parece que al segundo, porque no creo que se exporten insectos!
Alguna sugerencia?
Claudia Robles
United Kingdom
Local time: 04:00
cochineal
Explanation:
Results 1 - 10 of about 18,500 English pages for cochineal "Canary Islands".

Not the insect, the product, "cochineal".
Selected response from:

Henry Hinds
Local time: 02:00
Grading comment
very helpful ineed! :)
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer



Summary of answers provided
5 +8cochineal
Henry Hinds
4 +1cochineal insect
Fabio Descalzi


  

Answers


9 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 5/5 peer agreement (net): +8
cochineal


Explanation:
Results 1 - 10 of about 18,500 English pages for cochineal "Canary Islands".

Not the insect, the product, "cochineal".

Henry Hinds
Local time: 02:00
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish, Native in SpanishSpanish
PRO pts in category: 173
Grading comment
very helpful ineed! :)
Notes to answerer
Asker: Muchas gracias realment estaba muy perdida!! :s


Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Marsha Way: You made me see the light. It would be the product made from it, not the insect itself. It is late and I must get some sleep!
4 mins
  -> Gracias, Marsha. Soon to do the same.
agree  Jason Hall: I am convinced.
13 mins
  -> Gracias, Cuenca.
agree  Cinnamon Nolan: "Cochineal" is totally correct, but perhaps you could help the general public by using cochineal dye or cochineal (dye) powder.
6 hrs
  -> Gracias, Cinnamon, I was thinking of that, it is a dye.
agree  Carol Gullidge: yes, and not convinced that it does need further explanation, as it is (or was!) so commonly used in cookery
6 hrs
  -> Gracias, Carol. I've yet to taste it.
agree  Noni Gilbert
7 hrs
  -> Gracias, Aceavila.
agree  silviantonia
12 hrs
  -> Gracias, Silvia.
agree  eesegura
15 hrs
  -> Gracias, Eesegura.
agree  Christian Nielsen-Palacios: if you have eaten red candy, you may have eaten this product
1 day19 hrs
  -> Gracias, Christian. Forewarned is forearmed; from now on I'll remember to avoid it!
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)

7 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5 peer agreement (net): +1
cochineal insect


Explanation:
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirámides_de_Güímar
El contexto histórico [editar]Las pirámides o majanos de Güímar se encuadran históricamente en el siglo XIX, época de la explotación económica en Canarias de la cochinilla, un insecto parásito de la tunera o higo chumbo del que se extrae un tinte muy apreciado en aquella época en que aún no se habían introducido los tintes sintéticos. La explotación de la cochinilla resultaba muy rentable. Tanto que se prepararon para su explotación numerosas fincas que, hasta el momento, habían permanecido estériles debido a la mala calidad del terreno, normalmente formado por piedras volcánicas.
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dactylopius_coccus
El Dactylopius coccus, grana cochinilla, cochinilla grana, cochinilla del carmín o nocheztli es un insecto originario de México y de los países andinos como Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia y Chile, que se cría en los tallos de las tuneras Opuntia (spp.), de las cuales se alimenta extrayendo su jugo. De la hembra se extrae un tinte, también llamado carmín. Llega a poner hasta 400 huevos, tiene un tamaño de unos 6 mm y apenas se mueve en las hojas. El macho, más pequeño y con alas, no supera los 2,5 mm. Igualmente en la era preinca, en el antiguo Perú, era utilizada la cochinilla para teñir los textiles. Ya hace más de dos mil años era utilizada en la cultura Paracas en sus conocidos textiles.
Al no ser tóxica, el tinte que de ella se extrae se usa en la industria como colorante (E-120) de una gran variedad de productos: cosmética, alimentación, textiles, vinos, etc., ya que convenientemente procesado proporciona una variada gama de colores: violeta, naranja, rojo, gris y negro. En Canarias se cultiva, fundamentalmente, en los pueblos de Guatiza y Mala, siendo su calidad reconocida como la mejor del mundo.
En Australia, India y Sudáfrica se ha usado con éxito como controlador biológico de las tuneras que se habían convertido en especies invasoras.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochineal
Cochineal is the name of both crimson or carmine dye and the cochineal insect (Dactylopius coccus), a scale insect in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, from which the dye is derived. There are other species in the genus Dactylopius which can be used to produce cochineal extract, but they are extremely difficult to distinguish from D. coccus, even for expert taxonomists, and the latter scientific name (and the use of the term "cochineal insect") is therefore commonly used when one is actually referring to other biological species; suffice it to say that the reader should be aware that there is more than one cochineal insect. The primary biological distinctions between species are minor differences in host plant preferences, in addition to very different geographic distributions. D. coccus itself is native to tropical and subtropical South America and Mexico

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Note added at 8 mins (2007-05-22 02:30:58 GMT)
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochineal#Farming
There are two methods of farming cochineal: traditional and controlled. Cochineals are farmed in the traditional method by planting infected cactus pads or infecting existing cacti with cochineals and harvesting the insects by hand. The controlled method uses small baskets called Zapotec nests placed on host cacti. The baskets contain clean, fertile females which leave the nests and settle on the cactus to await insemination by the males. In both cases the cochineals have to be protected from predators, cold and rain. The complete cycle lasts 3 months during which the cacti are kept at a constant temperature of 27 °C. Once the cochineals have finished the cycle, the new cochineals are ready to begin the cycle again or to be dried for dye production.
To produce dye from cochineals, the insects are collected when they are approximately ninety days old. Harvesting the insects is labor-intensive as they must be individually knocked, brushed or picked from the cacti and placed into bags. The insects are gathered by small groups of collectors who sell them to local processors or exporters.
Several natural enemies can reduce the population of the insect on its cacti hosts. Of all the predators, insects seem to be the most important group. Insects and their larvae such as pyralid moths (order Lepidoptera), which destroy the cactus, and predators such as lady bugs (Coleoptera), various Diptera (such as Syrphidae and Chamaemyiidae), lacewings (Neuroptera) and ants (Hymenoptera) have been identified, as well as numerous parasitic wasps. Many birds; human-commensal rodents, especially rats; and reptiles also prey on cochineal insects. In regions dependent on cochineal production, pest control measures have to be taken seriously. For small-scale cultivation manual methods of control have proved to be the most effective and safe. For large-scale cultivation advanced pest control methods have to be developed, including alternative bioinsecticides or traps with pheromones.

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Note added at 9 mins (2007-05-22 02:31:51 GMT)
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochineal#Dye
As of 2005, Peru produced 200 tonnes of cochineal dye per year and the Canary Islands produced 20 tonnes per year. Chile and Mexico have also recently begun to export cochineal. France is believed to be the world's largest importer of cochineal; Japan and Italy also import the insect. Much of these imports are processed and reexported to other developed economies. As of 2005, the market price of cochineal was between 50 and 80 USD per kilogram, while synthetic raw food dyes are available at prices as low as 10–20 USD per kilogram.

Fabio Descalzi
Uruguay
Local time: 05:00
Works in field
Native speaker of: Native in SpanishSpanish

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Marsha Way: Wow! I was just going to say "it was used to dye fabric", you definitely gave a better answer!
3 mins
  -> Thanks Marsha!
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