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LanguagesTermTranslationGlossary name
English to Spanishrevidicism reincidencia legal
Spanish to EnglishCorte Interamericana Inter-American Court legal
EnglishBank For International Settlements (BIS) The BIS, located in Basle, Switzerland, was established in 1930 to administer the post-World War I reparations agreements. Since the 1960s, the BIS has evolved into an important international monetary institution, and has provided a forum in which central bankers meet and consult on a monthly basis. As an independent financial organization, the BIS performs a variety of banking, trustee, and agent functions, primarily with central banks. At prese Foreign banking
EnglishCurrent Account Balance The difference between the nation\'s total exports of goods, services, and transfers and its total imports of them. It excludes transactions in financial assets and liabilities.  Foreign banking
EnglishEurodollars Deposits denominated in U.S. dollars at banks and other financial institutions outside the United States. Although this name originated because of the large amounts of such deposits held at banks in Western Europe, similar deposits in other parts of the world are also called Eurodollars.  Foreign banking
EnglishForeign Exchange Desk The foreign exchange trading desk at the New York Federal Reserve Bank. The desk undertakes operations in the exchange markets for the account of the Federal Open Market Committee, and as agent for the U.S. Treasury and for foreign central banks.  Foreign banking
EnglishForeign Exchange Transactions Purchase or sale of the currency of one nation with that of another. Foreign exchange rates refer to the number of units of one currency needed to purchase one unit of another, or the value of one currency in terms of another.  Foreign banking
EnglishInternational Banking Facility (IBF) In general, these facilities can accept time deposits from foreign customers free of reserve requirements and interest rate limitations, and can lend to foreigners if the funds are for the conduct of foreign business outside of the U.S. Net borrowing from these facilities by domestic banking offices is subject to reserve requirements.  Foreign banking
EnglishInternational Monetary Fund (IMF) An international organization with 146 members, including the United States. The main functions of the International Monetary Fund are to lend funds to member nations to finance temporary balance of payments problems, to facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international trade, and to promote international monetary cooperation among nations. The IMF also creates special drawing rights (SDR\'s), which provide member nations with a sourc Foreign banking
EnglishSpecial Drawing Rights (SDR\'s) A type of international money created by the IMF and allocated to its member nations. SDRs are an international reserve asset, although they are only accounting entries (not actual coin or paper, and not backed by precious metal). Subject to certain conditions of the IMF, a nation that has a balance of payments deficit can use SDRs to settle debts to another nation or to the IMF.  Foreign banking
EnglishSwap Arrangements Short-term reciprocal lines of credit between the Federal Reserve and 14 foreign central banks as well as the Bank for International Settlements. Through a swap transaction, the Federal Reserve can, in effect, borrow foreign currency in order to purchase dollars in the foreign exchange market. In doing so, the demand for dollars is increased and the dollar\'s foreign exchange value is increased. Similarly, the Federal Reserve can temporarily prov Foreign banking
EnglishTrade Deficit Refers to the amount by which merchandise imports exceed merchandise exports.  Foreign banking
EnglishAutomated Clearinghouse (ACH)  A computer-based clearing and settlement operation, often operated by a Federal Reserve Bank, established for the exchange of electronic transactions among participating depository institutions. Such electronic transactions can be substituted for paper checks used to make recurring payments such as payroll or preauthorized insurance premiums. The U.S. Treasury uses the ACH extensively to pay certain obligations of the government.  Payment Mechanisms
EnglishAutomated Teller Machines (ATMs)  Computer-controlled terminals located on the premises of financial institutions or elsewhere, through which customers may make deposits, withdrawals, or other transactions as they would through a bank teller. Other terms sometimes used to describe such terminals are customer-bank communications terminal (CBCT) and remote service unit (RSU). Groups of banks sometimes share ATM networks located throughout a region of the country that may include p Payment Mechanisms
EnglishAutomatic Transfer Service (ATS) Account  A depositor\'s savings account from which funds may be transferred automatically to the same depositor\'s checking account to cover a check written or to maintain a minimum balance.  Payment Mechanisms
EnglishBankwire  An electronic communications network owned by an association of banks and used to transfer messages between subscribing banks. Bankwire also offers a clearing service called Cashwire that includes a settlement facility.  Payment Mechanisms
EnglishCheck Clearing  The movement of checks from the banks or other depository institutions where they are deposited back to those on which they are written, and funds movement in the opposite direction. This process results in credits to accounts at the institutions of deposit and corresponding debits to the accounts at the paying institutions. The Federal Reserve participates in check clearing through its nationwide facilities, though many checks are cleared by pr Payment Mechanisms
EnglishClearinghouse  An institution where mutual claims are settled between accounts of member depository institutions. Clearinghouses among banks have traditionally been organized for check-clearing purposes, but more recently have cleared other types of settlements, including electronic fund transfers.  Payment Mechanisms
EnglishClearinghouse Interbank Payments System (CHIPS)  An automated clearing system used primarily for international payments. This system is owned and operated by the New York Clearinghouse banks. It engages Fedwire for settlement.  Payment Mechanisms
EnglishDebit Card  A card that resembles a credit card but which debits a transaction account (checking account) with the transfers occuring contemporaneously with the customer\'s purchases. A debit card may be machine readable, allowing for the activation of an automated teller machine or other automated payments equipment.  Payment Mechanisms
EnglishElectronic Fund Transfer Systems (EFTS)  A variety of systems and technologies for transferring funds (money) electronically rather than by check. Includes Fedwire, Bankwire, automated clearinghouses (ACHs), and other automated systems.  Payment Mechanisms
EnglishFedwire  The Federal Reserve funds transfer system. Fedwire is used for transferring reserve account balances of depository institutions and government securities. Fedwire is also used for the settlement of other clearing systems, such as CHIPS.  Payment Mechanisms
EnglishFederal Reserve Float  Checkbook money that for a period of time appears on the books of both the payor and payee due to the lag in the collection process. Federal Reserve float often arises during the Federal Reserve\'s check collection process. In order to promote an efficient payments mechanism with certainty as to the date funds become available, the Federal Reserve has employed the policy of crediting the reserve accounts of depository institutions depositing che Payment Mechanisms
EnglishFRCS-80  This is the communications network of the Federal Reserve. It interconnects Federal Reserve Bank offices, the Board of Governors, depository institutions, and the Treasury. It is used for Fedwire transfers, transfers of U.S. securities, as well as for transfer of Federal Reserve administrative, supervisory, and monetary policy information.  Payment Mechanisms
EnglishPayments Mechanism  Systems designed for the movement of funds, payments, and money between financial institutions throughout the nation. The Federal Reserve plays a major role in the nation\'s payments mechanism through distribution of currency and coin, check processing, wire transfer of funds, and the operation of automated clearinghouses that transfer funds electronically among depository institutions. Federal Reserve payments mechanism services are made availa Payment Mechanisms
EnglishRegional Check Processing Center (RCPC)  A Federal Reserve check processing operation that clears checks drawn on depository institutions located within a specified area. RCPC\'s expedite collection and settlement of checks within the area on an overnight basis.  Payment Mechanisms
EnglishSwift  A message writing system that connects worldwide participating banks. It is used primarily for the purpose of communicating payment information. Frequently, the SWIFT message is only part of an international payment process which might also employ a system such as CHIPS to fully implement the transaction.  Payment Mechanisms
EnglishAmortization The process of fully paying off indebtedness by installments of principal and earned interest over a definite time.  Consumer credit
EnglishAnnual Percentage Rate (APR) The cost of credit on a yearly basis expressed as a percentage.  Consumer credit
EnglishAppraisal Fee The charge for estimating the value of property offered as security.  Consumer credit
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