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|   Paul Hirsh
An ear for language & flair for writing
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More Less | | Questions answered: 613, Questions asked: 14 Easy / 153 PRO, PRO-level points: 514 | Sample translations submitted: 11Russian to English: 2007 Proz Contest Winning Entry (Russian>English)
Detailed field: Poetry & Literature | Source text - Russian
В одном густом тропическом лесу жил да был очень забавный зверек. Звали его Чебурашка. Вернее, сначала его никак не звали, пока он жил в своем тропическом лесу. А назвали его Чебурашкой потом, когда он из леса уехал и встретился с людьми. Ведь это же люди дают зверям имена. Это они сказали слону, что он слон, жирафу – что он жираф, а зайцу – что он заяц. Но слон, если бы подумал, мог бы догадаться, что он слон. Ведь у него же очень простое имя. А каково зверю с таким сложным именем, как гиппопотам. Поди догадайся, что ты не ги-потам, не по-потам, а именно гип-по-по-там.
Так вот и наш зверек: он никогда не задумывался над тем, как его зовут, а просто жил себе да жил в далеком тропическом лесу. Однажды он проснулся утром рано, заложил лапы за спину и отправился немного погулять и подышать свежим воздухом. Гулял он себе, гулял и вдруг около большого фруктового сада увидел несколько ящиков с апельсинами. Недолго думая, Чебурашка забрался в один из них и стал завтракать. Он съел целых два апельсина и так объелся, что ему трудно стало передвигаться. Поэтому он прямо на фруктах и улегся спать.
Спал Чебурашка крепко, он, конечно, не слышал, как подошли рабочие и заколотили все ящики. После этого апельсины вместе с Чебурашкой погрузили на корабль и отправили в далекое путешествие.
Ящики долго плавали по морям и океанам и в конце концов оказались во фруктовом магазине очень большого города. Когда их открыли, в одном апельсинов почти не было, а был только толстый-претолстый Чебурашка.
| Translation - English
Once upon a time in a thick tropical forest there lived a funny little creature. His name was Cheburashka. Or rather, he didn't start off with a name when he was just living in his tropical forest. He got the name Cheburashka later, when he left his forest and met people. This is because it is people who give names to animals. It was people who told the elephant that he was an elephant, and told the giraffe he was a giraffe, and told the hare that he was a hare. But a hare, had he given the matter thought, might have guessed he was a hare. This is because he has a very simple name. But suppose you were an animal with a complicated name, like hippopotamus. Could you guess that your name is hippopotamus and not hit-a potty-mouse, or poppy-otter-mess?
So that is how it was with our little animal. He never gave a moment's thought to what his name was, but just lived his life in the far-off tropical forest. One day he woke up early, joined his paws behind his back and went off for a stroll, to enjoy the fresh air. He walked and walked until he suddenly came upon some crates of oranges next to an orchard. Without thinking twice he climbed into one of the crates and tucked into a nice breakfast. He ate two whole oranges and ended up so full that he could hardly move. So he lay down among the fruit and fell asleep.
Cheburashka slept so soundly that he didn't even hear the banging of the workers nailing the lids on all the crates. The oranges were loaded onto a ship with Cheburashka still inside, and they began a long sea journey.
The crates sailed over seas and oceans and finally ended up in a fruit shop in a very large city. When they opened the crates they found one of them had hardly any oranges left, just a big fat bloated Cheburashka! | | French to English: 2008 Proz Contest Winning entry (French>English) | Source text - French
Lorsqu'on sent l'éveil tout proche, mais qu'on n'est pas “dedans”, on a envie d'y “entrer”. Et c'est justement cette envie qui nous maintient “au-dehors”, car elle souligne notre frontière avec ce Tout dans lequel on aimerait s’immerger. En fait, il faut ne pas vouloir y entrer. Il ne suffit pas de ne pas vouloir y entrer: il faut ne pas vouloir y entrer. La passivité ne mène à rien. Il faut être actif, mais une activité entièrement occupée par l’attente — plus encore, entièrement satisfaite par l’attente. Bien souvent, on sent monter en soi une vague dont on pense qu’elle pourrait nous propulser au-delà de soi. Et on se met en tâche de la renforcer. C’est là qu’on gâche tout. Comme si elle avait besoin de notre aide. Quelle arrogance. Et pourtant, elle a besoin de nous. De notre présence. Elle a besoin qu’on soit là, qu’on se tienne face à elle, qu’on croie suffisamment en soi et qu’on s’aime assez pour rester ainsi tout nu face à elle, sans rien lui apporter, que notre seule présence. Tout est là. On est encore face à “rien”, et à ce moment-là, ce qui est, au sens fort, c'est notre attente. Non pas son but, mais l’attente elle-même. Tout le reste, ce sont des projections du désir. De l’évanescent. Mais l’attente, elle, est réelle. Si on parvient à la laisser seule être, à prendre appui sur elle, et non pas sur l'objet qui la soulagerait, on prend appui sur la seule parcelle d'être qu’on a à sa disposition. Aussitôt qu’on le fait, qu'on pose le pied sur la réalité de cette attente, c’est comme si le fond de la conscience cédait, et nous faisait basculer dans l'Être. | Translation - English
When we feel enlightenment drawing near, but we are not yet “inside”, we have a desire to “enter”. And it is precisely this desire which keeps us on the “outside”, for it underlines the barrier between us and the All in which we would like to be immersed. In fact, we should want not to enter. It is not enough not to want to enter: we should want not to enter. Passivity leads nowhere. We must be active, actively engaged in waiting — indeed, completely satisfied by the waiting. Quite often, we might sense a wave rising inside which feels as if it might be able to propel us beyond our self, and we set about trying to reinforce it. That's where we spoil it all. As if it needed our help! What arrogance! And yet, it needs us. It needs our presence. It needs us to be there, to face it, for us to believe in ourselves and love ourselves enough to remain naked before it in this way, without bringing anything to it apart from our simple presence. Everything is there. We are once more face to face with “nothingness”, and at that moment, that which is, in the strong sense, is our waiting. Not its goal, but the waiting itself. All the rest is just the projections of desire, of what is fleeting. But the waiting itself is real. If we manage to just let it be, to draw strength from it and not from the object of the waiting, we are drawing strength from the only patch of being which we have available. As soon as we do that, as soon as we put a foot on the reality of this waiting, it is as if the root of consciousness gives way, and we are plunged into Being. | | Chinese to English: 2008 Proz Contest Winning Entry (Chinese>English) | Source text - Chinese
我们常常听人说，自己醒悟了，明白了，觉悟了之类的。
或许是的，或许不是的，更多的是在途中说的话。
我们没有可能说终极性的、不会变的话。那么这句话本身是不是终极的呢？这句话和它指向的话并不在一个意义上说的，这是一种视角立场，我们最好不要这样问。
我 们常常感到自己醒悟了，例如我感到每一个月，每一个学期，每一年，甚至每一天都会感到自己醒悟了。然而，从历史的眼光看，我们只是说出了当下的感受和理 解。事实上，时间一推移，什么都会变的。对一个人的爱，似乎也如此。你对一个人说，我爱你，直到永远。这句话其实是当时自己的体验和理解以及甚至是许诺， 但时间是那样的严肃，生活是那样的偶然，你在另一个时间和条件下，你会把原来的话放下，或者淡化之，甚至完全背叛了 。
醒悟，我觉得把它理解为一 个过程比较合适。我们对生活处于不断的醒悟中。对个人的生命，对群体生活，对组织单位，对民族文化，对自然宇宙，对未知者，对平时不被注视者处于不断的醒 悟中，出现新的意识。一般地说，我们的醒悟依赖我们的方法论之发展，立场之改变，语言之变化，异质的交流，语言的反复运动，默观的实践等。我们的醒悟是历 史中的醒悟。
| Translation - English
We often hear people use such expressions as: "I've woken up to reality", "It all becomes clear" or: "I've seen the light."
It may or may not be real: more often it is something said along the way to an understanding.
"We can't say anything in a definitive, immutable way". But isn't this sentence itself inherently definitive? Well, the question and the sentence it refers to do not share the same frame of meaning or angle of reference, and we had better not ask it.
We often feel we have seen the light: I might for instance get flashes once a month, each term, every year or even daily. However, seen from a chronological angle, we are just talking about what we feel or understand at a given moment. In reality, everything can change with the passing of time. It would seem to be true of a person's love. You tell someone "I will love you forever". In fact this sentence describes what you experienced or understood, and even promised at the time. But time marches on relentlessly, life is so random, and at a different time and in another situation you might deny or play down what you originally said, or completely betray your own words.
I think it is more appropriate to understand enlightenment as a process. We are in an ongoing process of awakening. Awakenings which constantly bring new awareness of our individual life, of our collective existence, of the workplace, of the nation's culture, of the natural universe, of strangers and people we do not usually pay attention to. In general, our awakenings depend on the development of our methodology, our changing perspectives, linguistic changes, the endless shifts of language, exchanges between opposites, the practice of silent observation and so on. Our awakenings take place in a chronological context.
| | French to English: Proz Competition piece | Source text - French
La mort de Jean-Baptiste fut la grande affaire de ma vie : elle rendit ma mère à ses chaînes et me donna la liberté.
Il n'y a pas de bon père, c'est la règle ; qu'on n'en tienne pas grief aux hommes mais au lien de paternité qui est pourri. Faire des enfants, rien de mieux ; en avoir, quelle iniquité ! Eût-il vécu, mon père se fût couché sur moi de tout son long et m'eût écrasé. Par chance, il est mort en bas âge ; au milieu des Énées qui portent sur le dos leurs Anchises, je passe d'une rive à l'autre, seul et détestant ces géniteurs invisibles à cheval sur leurs fils pour toute la vie ; j'ai laissé derrière moi un jeune mort qui n'eut pas le temps d'être mon père et qui pourrait être, aujourd'hui, mon fils. Fut-ce un mal ou un bien ? Je ne sais ; mais je souscris volontiers au verdict d'un éminent psychanalyste : je n'ai pas de Sur-moi.
Ce n'est pas tout de mourir : il faut mourir à temps. Plus tard, je me fusse senti coupable ; un orphelin conscient se donne tort : offusqués par sa vue, ses parents se sont retirés dans leurs appartements du ciel. Moi, j'étais ravi : ma triste condition imposait le respect, fondait mon importance ; je comptais mon deuil au nombre de mes vertus. Mon père avait eu la galanterie de mourir à ses torts ; ma grand-mère répétait qu'il s'était dérobé à ses devoirs ; mon grand-père, justement fier de la longévité Schweitzer, n'admettait pas qu'on disparût à trente ans ; à la lumière de ce décès suspect, il en vint à douter que son gendre eût jamais existé et, pour finir, il l'oublia. Je n'eus même pas à l'oublier : en filant à l'anglaise, Jean-Baptiste m'avait refusé le plaisir de faire sa connaissance. Aujourd'hui encore, je m'étonne du peu que je sais sur lui. Il a aimé, pourtant, il a voulu vivre, il s'est vu mourir ; cela suffit pour faire tout un homme.
| Translation - English
J-B's death was the big break of my life: it enslaved my mother and gave me freedom.
A good father doesn't exist as a rule; this is not to belittle men, but only the business of fatherhood, which is rubbish. Making children is fine; but having children is a sin! Had he lived, my father would have leant on me with all his weight and would have crushed me. Luckily he died young; and I cross life's river alone, despising those invisible father-figures who ride astride their sons all their lives like Anchises on the back of Aeneas. I left behind me a dead youth who didn't have the time to be my father, and who could today be my son. Was this a good or a bad thing? I don't know, but I willingly subscribe to the view of an eminent psychoanalyst who said I have no Superego.
Dying is only half the battle: timing is of the essence. Had it been later, I would have felt guilty, as an orphan who has reached the age of awareness often blames himself, reasoning that his parents retired to their heavenly abodes because they couldn't stand the sight of him. But I was delighted. My sad condition earned respect and gave me importance; my mourning counted as one of my virtues. My father had been gallant enough to die in the wrong; my grandmother kept saying that he had evaded his duties and my grandfather, justly proud of Schweitzer longevity, could not accept the idea of people dying at thirty. In the light of this suspicious disappearance he began to have doubts about his son-in-law having existed, and finally forgot he ever had. I didn't even need to forget him, for by giving me the slip Jean-Baptiste had denied me the pleasure of making his acquaintance. Even today I find it surprising how little I know about him. Still, he loved, he wanted to live, and then met his end; which is all you need say about a man.
| | French to English: Rachmaninov: extract from a CD Sleeve note | Source text - French
La musique de Rachmaninov a cependant connu certains ostracismes non seulement en Union soviétique où à la suite d’une lettre de critique du régime cosignée avec un fils de Tolstoï, ses oeuvres furent bannies du répertoire des concerts à partir de 1931 jusqu’après la guerre. Mais des chefs comme Furtwängler ou Toscanini n’ont jamais dirigé la musique de Rachmaninov sans qu’on en sache exactement la raison. Que la France ait méprisé longtemps une musique aussi généreuse n’est pas surprenant vu sa longue tradition de ne reconnaître les grands compositeurs qu’avec un demi-siècle de retard : Brahms, Bruckner, Mahler, Sibelius, Chostakovitch. Même dans les années 60-70 on pouvait encore lire que « les concertos admirablement écrits pour le piano sont d’un terrible vide musical » (A. Golea) ou simplement « démodés et à la sentimentalité la plus plate » (L.Rebatet). Plus surprenante a été l’attitude du célèbre dictionnaire de Grove n’accordant même pas une page entière à Rachmaninov en 1954 car « l’énorme succès populaire dont quelques unes de ses oeuvres ont bénéficié durant son existence a peu de chances de pouvoir se maintenir ». C’est heureusement l’opposé qui s’est passé et aujourd’hui la totalité d’une œuvre qui a abordé tous les genres est pleinement reconnue tant au concert qu’au disque. Les concertos ont en outre la faveur des grands concours de piano, en particulier le 3e Concerto qui est souvent choisi par les candidats ambitionnant les premières places. | Translation - English
Rachmaninov's music was nevertheless the target of ostracism, and not only in the Soviet Union where his works were banned from the concert repertoire from 1931 until after the war, following a critical letter from the regime co-signed by one of Tolstoy's sons. Indeed some conductors such as Furtwängler and Toscanini never performed Rachmaninov's work; we don't know for sure why not. For France to have despised such generous music so long is no surprise, given its long tradition of only recognising great composers half a century late, as was the case with Brahms, Bruckner, Mahler, Sibelius and Shostakovich. Even in the 60's and 70's one could still read that "his concertos though admirably scored for piano are terribly void musically" (A. Golea) or simply "outmoded and full of the most shallow sentimentality" (L.Rebatet). More surprising was the attitude of the famous Grove's Dictionary of Music, which did not even allow Rachmaninov a full page in its 1954 edition because "the enormous popular success some of Rakhmaninov's works had in his lifetime is not likely to last". Luckily the opposite turned out to be true and today the totality of his production in every genre is fully recognised both in concert and on record. Moreover, the concerti are becoming a staple of the great piano competitions, in particular the 3rd Concerto, which is often chosen by candidates vying for the first places. | | French to English: Legal translation test | Source text - French
REND L'AVIS SUIVANT :
I - Aux termes de l'article L. 511-1 du code de justice administrative : "Le juge des référés statue par des mesures qui présentent un caractère provisoire. Il n'est pas saisi du principal et se prononce dans les meilleurs délais". Aux termes de l'article L. 521-1 du même code : "Quand une décision administrative, même de rejet, fait l'objet d'une requête en annulation ou en réformation, le juge des référés, saisi d'une demande en ce sens, peut ordonner la suspension de l'exécution de cette décision, ou de certains de ses effets, lorsque l'urgence le justifie et qu'il est fait état d'un moyen propre à créer, en l'état de l'instruction, un doute sérieux quant à la légalité de la décision./ Lorsque la suspension est prononcée, il est statué sur la requête en annulation ou en réformation de la décision dans les meilleurs délais". Aux termes de l'article L. 521-4 du même code : "Saisi par toute personne intéressée, le juge des référés peut, à tout moment, au vu d'un élément nouveau, modifier les mesures qu'il avait ordonnées ou y mettre fin". Aux termes de l'article L. 522-1 du même code : "Le juge des référés statue au terme d'une procédure contradictoire écrite ou orale./ Lorsqu'il lui est demandé de prononcer les mesures visées aux articles L. 521-1 et L. 521-2, de les modifier ou d'y mettre fin, il informe sans délai les parties de la date et de l'heure de l'audience publique./ Sauf renvoi à une formation collégiale, l'audience se déroule sans conclusions du commissaire du gouvernement". Aux termes enfin de l'article L. 522-3 du même code : "Lorsque la demande ne présente pas un caractère d'urgence ou lorsqu'il apparaît manifeste, au vu de la demande, que celle-ci ne relève pas de la compétence de la juridiction administrative, qu'elle est irrecevable ou qu'elle est mal fondée, le juge des référés peut la rejeter par une ordonnance motivée sans qu'il y ait lieu d'appliquer les deux premiers alinéas de l'article L. 522-1".
| Translation - English
GAVE THE FOLLOWING OPINION:
I – Under the provisions of article L. 511-1 of the administrative justice code: "The judge in chambers gives rulings using measures which are provisional in character. The principal is not brought before him and he pronounces judgment at his earliest convenience". Under the provisions of article L. 521-1 of the same code: "When an administrative decision, even a rejection, is the subject of a request for quashing or overruling, the judge in chambers before whom such a request has been brought may order a stay of execution of this decision or of some of its effects when justified by the urgency of the matter and when some cause liable as the case stands to cast serious doubt upon the legality of the decision can be cited./ When a stay is pronounced, the ruling is made on the request for quashing or overruling of the decision as soon as possible". Under the provisions of L. 521-4 of the same code: "The judge in chambers may, at the behest of any interested party, and at any time, modify the measures which he had ordered or terminate them in the light of a new element". Under the provisions of article L. 522-1 of the same code: "The judge in chambers gives his ruling following a written or oral contestation. / When he is requested to pronounce the measures referred to in articles L. 521-1 and L. 521-2, or to modify or terminate them, he shall inform the parties forthwith of the date and time of the public hearing./ Except where referred to a panel, the hearing takes place without the conclusions of a law commissioner". Lastly, under the provisions of L. 522-3 of the same code: "Where the request is not of an urgent character or when upon inspection it falls manifestly outside the competence of the administrative tribunals, or when it is inadmissible or unfounded, the judge in chambers can reject it with a reasoned order without there being ground for applying the two first paragraphs of article L. 522-1".
| Chinese to English: Wrist watch Press Release
Detailed field: Advertising / Public Relations | Source text - Chinese
闻稿
XXXX 腕表融合了摩登和悠闲的设计概念，能带给人欢愉、随意和惊喜的新一代腕表品牌。其宣传标语 “I play my way” 正正是XXXX的设计意念及品牌形象。于2006年，XXXX正式登陆香港，首推8款共28只充满玩味的设计。
XXXX腕表能迎合不同型人的口味，一方面带给佩戴者欢乐，亦能令欣赏者惊喜，诚意献给所有懂得享受生活的都市人。
XXXX的由来
XXXX源自意大利第一间钟表制造厂 – VEGLIA，早于1896年成立，至今已有超过一百年的历史。除制造钟表外，VEGLIA亦生产汽车专用的速度计仪表，供应给欧洲各大汽车制造商，如法拉利、快意、LANCIA、VESPA和爱快罗密欧等。 此外，该公司亦曾夺得COMPASSO D“ORO 奖项。这奖项是专为颁发给产品具有艺术素质的意大利制造商而设，足见VEGLIA的出品保证。
XXXX腕表充满浓厚的意大利艺术色彩，揉合简约和时尚潮流的设计精髓。
查询电话: 22222222
| Translation - English
Press release
Combining modern and casual design, the XXXX wrist watch is a new generation watch suggestive of a happy-go-lucky attitude and a taste for the unexpected. The XXXX design philosophy and brand image are summed up in the logo “I play my way”. XXXX hit the Hong Kong market in 2006 with a choice of 28 different tasteful designs in 8 overall styles.
The XXXX wrist watch will please people of all tastes. It brings enjoyment to the wearer, and is a great eye-catcher. It’s a gift for everyone who knows how to enjoy city life.
The XXXX story
XXXX is made by the Italian watchmaker VEGLIA founded in 1896, and famous for the speedometers in FERRARI, FIAT, LANCIA, VESPA and ALFA ROMEO and other European brand cars, and winner of the coveted COMPASSO D’ORO prize, specially awarded for Italian products showing artistic merit, and a guarantee of XXXX ’s excellence.
The XXXX wrist watch combines the design principles of simplicity and fashion, and the Italian love of Art.
More information: 22222222
| French to English: Recherche sur le SIDA
Detailed field: Medical (general) | Source text - French
La recherche sur le SIDA
24 ans après l’apparition du sida, la science a fait d’énorme progrès mais le virus du sida reste invaincu.
4 grandes pistes de recherche sont explorées :
Les traitements antirétroviraux (ARV) sont des médicaments de plusieurs classes, utilisés aujourd'hui en combinaison (multithérapies), qui agissent à des étapes différentes dans le cycle de réplication du virus. Les ARV ont permis depuis 1995 de réduire considérablement la mortalité liée au sida, même si demeurent des problèmes de tolérance et de résistance liés au fait que les médicaments dont on dispose ne permettent pas d'éradiquer le virus, et créent les conditions pour l'émergence de virus mutants résistants.
Le développement pharmacologique vise aujourd'hui à :
- découvrir de nouvelles molécules pour répondre aux besoins des patients en échappement virologique ou en échec thérapeutique ;
- améliorer et simplifier les combinaisons de molécules disponibles afin de les rendre plus efficaces et moins toxiques ;
- développer des formulations moins contraignantes (une prise par jour) et plus adaptées, notamment pour les enfants et les femmes ;
- individualiser les traitements (choix des molécules et de leur dosage en fonction de l'historique de traitement d'un patient et des tests de résistance du VIH aux molécules).
Les pistes vaccinales
Le virus du VIH se caractérise par ses nombreux sous-types différents et ses nombreuses mutations. De plus il s'attaque directement aux cellules de notre système immunitaire. Il est donc particulièrement difficile d'élaborer une stratégie vaccinale qui se base sur la capacité du système immunitaire à reconnaître le virus (ou une de ses composantes spécifiques)et d'apprendre à se défendre de ses attaques. C'est grâce aux efforts communs des chercheurs travaillant ensemble sur le virus et sur le système immunitaire que des pistes pour la découverte de vaccins peuvent émerger.
| Translation - English
AIDS research
In the 24 years since the first appearance of AIDS, science has made great strides, but the virus has yet to be beaten.
Four main avenues of research are being explored:
Antiretroviral treatments (ARV) are medicines of various types, nowadays used in combination (multi-therapies), which act at different stages in the replication cycle of the virus. Since 1995, ARV therapy has considerably reduced AIDS-related mortality, despite continuing problems of tolerance and resistance due to the fact that the available drugs are unable to eradicate the virus, thus creating conditions for the emergence of resistant strains of the virus.
Today pharmacological research aims to:
- discover new molecules to respond to the needs of patients in viral escape or failed treatment;
- improve and simplify the available molecular combinations to make them more effective and less toxic;
- develop less constricting formulations (one dose daily), better adapted for use, especially for women and children;
- create individualized treatments (matching molecules and dosage to the patient's treatment record and to HIV drug resistance tests).
The vaccine trail
The HIV virus is characterized by its different sub-strains and numerous mutations. In addition, it attacks the cells of our immune system directly. This makes it particularly difficult to elaborate a vaccination strategy based on the immune system's capacity to recognize the virus (or a specific viral component) and learn how to defend against its attack. It is thanks to the shared efforts of researchers working together on the virus and the immune system that new avenues for the discovery of vaccines can be opened up.
| Spanish to English: Citicolina
Detailed field: Medical: Pharmaceuticals | Source text - Spanish
CITICOLINA
Sinónimos: CITIDIL DIFOSFATO DE COLINA.
C14H25N4O11P2
Acción y mecanismo: La citicolina es un derivado de la colina y la citidina que interviene en la biosíntesis de lecitina.
Nootrópico, estimulante de) S.N.C. y vasodilatador cerebral, actúa incrementando el flujo sanguineo y el consumo de oxígeno por el cerebro. Posee ligera actividad antiagregante plaquetaria.
Indicaciones: Autorizadas en España: Astenia,. Insuficiencia cerebrovascular.
Posología: Oral, adultos: 100-200 mg/8-12 h; niños: 1.00 mg/8-12 h. ) IV (en 3 min), adultos; 250-500 mg/12-24 h
Contraindicaciones y precauclones: Contraindicando en alergia a citicolina,embarazo y lactancia.
Precauciones: En hemorragia intracraneal persistente, no deben administrarse más de 500 mg en dosis única.
Efectos secundarios: Los efectos adversos de citicolina son, en general, infrecuentes, leves y transitorios. En la mayor parte de los casos, lás reacciones adversas son una prolongación de la acción farmacológica y afectan principalmente al sistema nervioso central. Las reacciones adversas más características son: Ocasionalmente (1-9%); hipotensión ortostática y excitación por vía i.v.; insomnio.
Raramente (<1 %): sudoración, trastornos de la acomodación, hipersalivación, diarrea.
Advertencias especiales: En administración intravenosa puede producirse hipotensión transitoria o excitación, por lo que deberá evitarse la administración rápida.
| Translation - English
CYTICHOLINE
synonym: Cytidine Diphosphate Choline (CDP Choline)
Action and effects: cyticholine is a derivative of choline and cytidine which aids the biosynthesis of lecithin.
Nootropic, it acts as central nervous system stimulant and cerebral vasodilator, increasing blood flow to the brain and increasing its take-up of oxygen. It has a slight anticoagulant effect.
Indications: authorized in Spain for asthenia and cerebrovascular insufficiency.
Dosage: Oral, adults: 100-200 mg every 8-12 hours; children: 100 mg every 8-12 hours. Intravenous (over 3 minutes), adults; 250-500 mg/12-24 h
Contraindications and precautions: Contraindicated in case of allergy to cyticholine, and during pregnancy and lactation.
Precautiones: For persistent intracraneal hemorrhage, no more than 500 mg, to be given in a single dose.
Side effects: Adverse side effects of cytocholine are in general rare, minor and transitory. In the majority of cases, adverse reactions are an extension of the pharmacological action and mainly affect the central nervous systeml. Most typical adverse reactions are:
- Occasionally (1-9%); orthostatic hypotension and excitement from intravenous use, and insomnia.
Rarely (<1 %): sweating, disorders of accomodation, excessive salivation, diarrhoea.
Special warning: when given intravenously, there is a possibility of transitory hypotension or excitation, for which reason rapid injection should be avoided .
| | Chinese to English: Chinese Artist Review | Source text - Chinese
绘画也是现代艺术的一个门类，既然是绘画，就必须保持绘画的基本手段，这些手段都在学院的训练中体现出来，不能综合地运用这些手段，绘画的目的或绘画作为一个现代艺术门类的本质特征也无法体现。XX认为他不关注形式，事实上，他的形式意识也正是在这方面反映出来。他不关注的是那种抽象的或构成的形式，而是关注再现的形式，在再现的表征中追问艺术的本质。从这个角度来看，XX是很特别的，他不是通过再现的完美来维护传统，而是通过现实的资源重新解释传统，也是重新解释现实，在现代意识的支配下形成个人的再现方式和风格。 | Translation - English
Painting is one of the disciplines of modern art. And painting involves certain indispensable basic methods. These methods are the stuff of academic training, and painting cannot realize its aims or hold its essential place in modern art without the ability to synthesize them. XX claims he is indifferent to form, though in fact his consciousness of form is reflected in this indifference. What he doesn't care about is abstract form or composition; but he pays attention to the representative form and probes the essence of art among re-created surface features. From this point of view, XX is very special. He doesn’t use the perfection of representation to uphold tradition but uses his realistic resources to re-explain tradition, re-explain reality through a personal technique and representative style dominated by a modern awareness. | | Chinese to English: Taiwan's IC industry | Source text - Chinese
在1980年代以前，台灣電子產業主要是以低廉與充沛的勞動力，為歐、美、日等MNCs進行代工生產與裝配活動。經過近三十載以降的努力發展IC產業，台灣現已成為全球重要的電子系統設計、生產製造與運籌管理中心；尤其是IC產業的蓬勃發展，在全球IC產業網絡中佔有重要的地位。Saxenian (2003)表示台灣僅僅是一個只有二千三百萬人口的小島國家，其高科技產業的發展卻能夠超越其他許多亞洲國家，甚至超越許多全球先進國家；尤其是其成功地發展IC產業所展現的高科技產業經驗，足令其他開發中國家學習。台灣成功地促進產業升級，由傳統產業轉型成功地發展技術密集、資本密集與知識密集的高科技產業，使得台灣蛻變成為一新興工業化國家；台灣政府實扮演著一重要與關鍵的角色。IC產業是台灣最具有代表性與最具有國際競爭力的標竿產業，其動向與發展深受世人矚目，尤其是其在台灣的經濟發展上扮演著主要的領導角色。 | Translation - English
Before the 1980's Taiwan's electronic industry was principally using its cheap and plentiful labour to carry out manufacturing and assembly outsourced by multinationals from Europe, America, Japan etc. Over the last 30 years of assiduous development of the IC industry, Taiwan has become an important world centre of electronics systems design, production, manufacturing, and operational management. In particular its flourishing IC industry has earned it an important position in the global IC industry network. Saxenian (2003) points out that Taiwan is only a small island nation with a population of 23 million, but that its high tech industry has surpassed many other Asian countries, and has even outstripped many of the world's advanced countries; above all, the high tech experience gained from the successful development of its IC industry stands as a lesson for other developing countries. Taiwan has thoroughly upgraded its industry, transforming it from a traditional form to a successfully developed high tech industry with a concentration of skills, capital, and knowledge, turning Taiwan into a modern industrialised nation, with the Taiwan government playing an important key role. The IC industry is Taiwan's most representative and internationally competitive flagship industry, whose dynamic development is a focus of the world's attention, and which above all plays an important leading role in the development of Taiwan's economy. |
More Less | | Years of translation experience: 10. Registered at ProZ.com: May 2005. | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | | Oxford Linguists | | AutoCAD, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Adobe Indesign, Flash, HTML and Javascript editing, Microsoft Word, Sibelius 4, SDL TRADOS | | http://improvise.free.fr/ |  CV/Resume (DOC) | Third ProZ.com Translation Contest: Russian to English  [download]
1st Annual ProZ.com Translation Contest: Chinese to English [download]
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As well as literary translation, and articles on music and the arts I can translate text embedded in HTML pages, Flash movies (.fla files), Photoshop, Javascript etc. with professional layout and rendering if required. Generally I can start any job within minutes of being notified, and am a fast worker.
Born in 1948, I started learning French, Spanish, Russian and German alongside the obligatory Latin and Greek at school, and pursued the Russian and French at New College, Oxford. I also started a course in Chinese and Japanese at SOAS. I then worked for a year as in-house Japanese to English translator at C.Itoh Trading Company in London. As a musician in a Brazilian band I absorbed Portuguese. I have always been greedy for foreign languages, but some I can forget as quickly as I learnt them. One of the many rejection letters earned by my four unpublished novels praises my seldom-seen flair for writing English, for what that's worth. For the last 18 years I have been resident in Spain (where I became an honorary Catalan) and France. I have taught music in three languages but now thanks to Proz.com I have made the switch to freelance translating, which keeps me busy full time. My big dream is to become really competent in Chinese; I work on this vast language every day. You can find out about me (and see my paintings) on my website http://improvise.free.fr | This user has earned KudoZ points by helping other translators with PRO-level terms. Click point total(s) to see term translations provided.
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