 Member since Jul '10
Working languages: English to Slovak
French to Slovak
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Chinese to Slovak
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|    Martin Boháčik
Passion for languages
United Kingdom Local time: 20:40 BST (GMT+1)
Native in: Slovak  | | |
Freelancer,  Verified member | | Translation, Editing/proofreading, Transcription | | Specializes in: | | Advertising / Public Relations | Telecom(munications) | | Retail | Medical (general) | | Medical: Pharmaceuticals | Marketing / Market Research | | Geography | General / Conversation / Greetings / Letters | | Business/Commerce (general) | Tourism & Travel |
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More Less | | PRO-level points: 8, Questions answered: 3 | | Wire transfer | Sample translations submitted: 1 English to Slovak: Data-link backbone
General field: Science | Source text - English
Lin Zhong and Michael Liebschner at Rice University in Houston, Texas, want to use the human skeleton to transmit commands reliably and securely to wearable gadgets and medical implants. Their research, funded by Microsoft and Texas Instruments, could also lead to new ways for people with disabilities to control devices such as computers.
Wireless radio signals are already used to control gadgets and implants, but these can suffer interference from Wi-Fi and other sources. This makes them unreliable and, in the case of medical implants, potentially dangerous. They can also be hacked by anyone with an antenna, Liebschner points out.
So the Rice team decided to investigate using sound instead of radio waves. Bone is known to be a great conductor of sound, but so far it has only been used to transmit analogue signals in applications such as checking how bone is healing after a fracture, and in hearing aids that transmit sound from outside the skull to the auditory nerve.
To see if bone could transmit digital signals over longer distances - to a headset, say, from a sensor worn on the wrist - the team applied a small vibrator to various parts of the body. When they then measured the acoustic signals received elsewhere on the body, they found that "a frequency shift keyed" (FSK) signal gave the best distinction between Os and 1 s. In FSK signalling a 0 is represented by one frequency and a 1 by a different one.
They then measured how well bone conducted these signals when they were generated in places on the body where devices are normally worn: the wrist for watches, the lower back for cellphones worn on a belt, and behind the ear for headsets. They found the skeleton conducted even low-power vibrations from one location to another with surprisingly few errors. "This is quite amazing because all the links involved multiple bones and many joints," Zhong told a conference on body networks in Florence, Italy, this week.
The researchers suggest applications such as a vibrator in a wrist receiver/transmitter that could tell an implant placed near a bone to release a drug dose, with the implant then sending back data from its sensors. Similarly, tooth clacks or finger clicks could be interpreted by a receiver to activate, say, functions in a phone.
For Liebschner, the great benefit is security. "All data transfer is contained inside the human body, and it can only be retrieved through direct physical contact," he says.
People could even swap information between devices via a firm handshake, Zhong suggests.
| Translation - Slovak
Lin Zhong a Michael Liebschner z houstonskej univerzity Rice University chcú použiť ľudskú kostru na spoľahlivý a bezpečný prenos úkonov do nositeľných prístrojov a lekárskych implantátov. Ich výskum, sponzorovaný spoločnosťami Microsoft a Texas Instruments, by mohol viesť k novým možnostiam ovládania zariadení, ako napríklad počítače, telesne postihnutými ľuďmi.
Bezdrôtové rádiové signály sa už používajú na ovládanie prístrojov a implantátov. Tieto signály sa však môžu poškodiť interferenciami z Wi-Fi zariadení alebo iných zdrojov. Takto sa stávajú nespoľahlivými a v prípadoch lekárskych implantátov môžu byť nebezpečné. Navyše môžu byť zachytené kýmkoľvek s anténou, dodal Liebschner.
A tak sa tento univerzitný tím rozhodol preskúmať použitie zvukových vĺn namiesto rádiových. Je známe, že kosti sú dobrými vodičmi zvuku, ale doteraz sa použili iba na prenos analógových signálov, ako napríklad pri kontrole hojenia zlomených kostí a v prípadoch použitia sluchových protéz prenášajúcich zvuk zvonka lebky do sluchového nervu.
Nato, aby sa zistilo, či kosť dokáže preniesť signál cez dlhú vzdialenosť - zo senzoru noseného na zápästí do prijímača na hlave - tím použil malý vibračný prerušovač na rôznych častiach tela. Keď nato zmerali akustické signály zachytené na iných častiach tela zistili, že signál frekvenčnej modulácie (SFM) bol najviac rozpoznateľný medzi nulou a jednou sekundou. Pri meraní SFM nula reprezentuje jednu frekvenciu a jednotka reprezentuje inú.
Potom zmerali, ako dobre sú tieto signály vedené kosťou, keď sú vytvorené na tých častiach tela, kde sa tieto prístroje zvyčajne nosia: na zápästí pre hodinky, na krížoch pre mobilné telefóny nosené na opasku a za uchom pre prijímače na hlave. Zistili, že kostra dokonca preniesla aj slabé vibrácie z jednej časti do druhej s prekvapivo nízkym počtom chýb. „Toto je celkom úžasné, pretože všetky trasy signálov pozostávali z viacero kostí a kĺbov,” povedal Zhong na konferencii o telesnej sieti v talianskej Florencii.
Výskumníci naznačujú, že vibračný prijímač-vysielač nosený na zápästí by mohol umožniť vypustenie liekov implantátom umiestneným pri kosti, ktorý by následne poslal údaje zo svojich senzorov naspať. Podobne by mohli klepot zubov alebo lúskanie prstami byť prijímačom interpretované ako pokyny na spustenie funkcií telefónu.
Pre Liebschnera je najväčším prínosom bezpečnosť, „všetky prenesené údaje ostávajú v ľudskom tele a môžu byť získané iba priamym fyzickým kontaktom.” Zhong navrhuje, že ľudia by si dokonca mohli vymeniť informácie medzi prístrojmi silným podaním rúk.
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More Less | | Bachelor's degree - University of Westminster | | Years of translation experience: 6. Registered at ProZ.com: Oct 2009. Became a member: Jul 2010. | French to Slovak (University of Westminster, verified)
Chinese to Slovak (University of Westminster, verified)
English to Slovak (University of Westminster, verified)
Chinese to English (University of Westminster, verified)
More Less | | IOL | | Language Masters | | Adobe Acrobat, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, OmegaT, Powerpoint, SDL TRADOS, SDLX, Wordfast | | http://www.mbtranslating.com | | CV available upon request | | Conferences attended | Understanding Your Client  [download]
Online Lead Generation: Finding new clients in the web era [download]
Starting your translator's career [download] | | Martin Boháčik endorses ProZ.com's Professional Guidelines. | | About me A native speaker of Slovak, I have been in touch with the Czech language since an early age.
In 2010 I graduated from the University of Westminster in London where I studied Chinese and French and I have become a member of the Chartered Institute of Linguists.
I spent a year in France and 9 months studying and working in China.
I have lived in the UK since 2006 and have been in the translation industry since 2007.
Texts translated into my non-native languages are proofread by native speakers.
I closely cooperate with my native Chinese/English translation teacher who proofreads all my translations into English and Chinese. |
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Keywords: translations, slovak, english, french, czech, chinese, proofreading
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Apr 26 |
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