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German to English: Zum Ursprung des Horus-Glaubens im vordynastischen Ägypten (The Origin of the Cult of Horus in Predynastic Egypt) Detailed field: History
Source text - German Zum Ursprung des Horus-Glaubens im vordynastischen Ägypten
von ANDIS KAULINS
I. Einführung: Externsteine und Falkenstein
In Sternensteine: Darstellungen frühgeschichtlicher Astronomie am Beispiel der Externsteine, Referat gehalten am 39. Jahrestag des Arbeitskreises Walther Machalett, 6. Mai 2005 in Horn/Externsteine, habe ich eine These verfeinert und abgeändert vorgetragen, die ich zum ersten Mal in dem Buch Stars Stones and Scholars publiziert hatte. Diese These lautet, dass die Externsteine in der Frühzeit von Menschenhand bearbeitet worden sind, um die Sterne und um die Sonnenwenden und Tag-und-Nacht-Gleichen um etwa 3117 v.Chr. darzustellen und zu markieren.
Eingemeißelte Gesichter in den Externsteinen haben andere schon lange vor uns gesehen. Ich habe aber versucht, diese mysteriösen steinernen Figuren aus ihrem Schlaf zu wecken und zu zeigen, dass diese Skulpturen frühzeitliche "vermenschlichte" Sternbilder bzw. astronomische "Götter" unserer Ahnen waren.
Auch der von Menschenhand bearbeitete Falkenstein (Fels 11 der Extersteine), stellt Sterne des Himmels dar. Diese Sterne waren: 1) die Sterne des Sternbildes Drachens (dargestellt durch eine Echse) als Markierung des Pols der Ekliptik; und, 2) die Sterne des Kleinen Bären als "Wächter des Himmels-Pols", dargestellt und markiert als Falke durch die Sterne Kochab und Pherkad.
Es ist erstaunlich, aber die Beobachtung, dass der Falkenstein einen Drachen zeigte, hat schon vor mir Walther Machalett gemacht. Ich habe davon erst erfahren, als meine eigene Sichtweise schon fest stand. Das bestätigt mich darin, dass ich richtig liege.
Translation - English The Origin of the Cult of Horus in Predynastic Egypt
by ANDIS KAULINS
I. Introduction: The Extern Stones (Externsteine) and the Falcon Stone (Falkenstein)
"Star Stones: Representations of Prehistoric Astronomy in the Extern Stones" was a paper I presented on May 6, 2005 in Horn/Bad Meinberg, Germany, near the location of the Extern Stones, to the 39th annual meeting of the Walther Machalett Study Group on Ancient History. That paper developed a hypothesis which I first published in the book Stars Stones and Scholars, claiming that the Extern Stones had been worked by human hand in the Neolithic period (New Stone Age) and that the figures in relief on the stones represented the stars of the heavens, marking also the solstices and equinoxes in approximately 3000 B.C.
Others have seen faces carved in relief on the Extern Stones long before my recognition of them. However, no one has known what meaning to attach to these sculptures. My interpretation of these reliefs showed that they were ancient "humanized" representations of stellar asterisms and constellations, which were seen as astronomical "gods" by the ancients.
I also interpreted the "Falcon Stone" (Falkenstein), Rock 11 of the Extern Stones, as depicting stars of the heavens. These stars were: 1) the stars of the constellation Draco, represented by a lizard, marking the pole of the ecliptic; and, 2) the stars Kochab and Pherkad of Ursa Minor as "guards of the heavens", marking the pole star as a falcon (the Egyptian "Horus").
It is interesting to observe that the figure of a lizard (or dragon, or crocodile) on the Falcon Stone (Rock 11, Extern Stones) had already been identified by Walther Machalett previous to my independent recognition of it. This circumstance of a match of independent observations by two persons (reproducibility, as it were) gave me the feeling that my identifications of the other figures on the Falcon Stone were also correct.
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Other - Stanford University Law School
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Years of experience: 50. Registered at ProZ.com: Jan 2006.
As a former university lecturer in Anglo-American law who currently co-authors a well-known German-English business dictionary, I do selected translation work - German to English only - in the fields of law, telecommunications, information technology, commerce, entertainment, literary works, new media, travel and tourism.
My translation experience includes advertising and marketing materials, internet websites (website localization), legal documents (e.g. European Commission), media publications, scholarly papers, speeches and textbooks (law and economics).
A year and a half was spent as an in-house translator for a large pharmaceutical company translating legal, medical and pharmaceutical texts, and I worked in various positions for a total of about 15 years in the pharmaceutical industry.
I design and write all of my own websites: see e.g. LawPundit and I have also individually programmed a 10 MB software adventure.
My activities as an author can be viewed at getCITED.
Keywords: academic, automotive, business, computers, English, EU, European, German, internet, Latvian. See more.academic,automotive,business,computers,English,EU,European,German,internet,Latvian,law,legal,literary,media,technology,telecommunications. See less.