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Kang Seok Lee
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Suncheon, Cholla-namdo, South Korea
Local time: 00:00 KST (GMT+9)

Native in: Korean Native in Korean
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Aug 26, 2020 (posted via ProZ.com):  Subtitling job of 40 mins about Korea Investment Market for Infrastructure ...more, + 4 other entries »
Total word count: 1134

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English to Korean: A Conversation: Yuval Noah Harari, Daniel Kahneman
General field: Social Sciences
Detailed field: General / Conversation / Greetings / Letters
Source text - English
Death Is Optional
A Conversation: Yuval Noah Harari, Daniel Kahneman [3.4.15]

https://www.edge.org/conversation/yuval_noah_harari-daniel_kahneman-death-is-optional
________________________________________

DANIEL KAHNEMAN: Before asking you what are the questions you are asking yourself, I want to say that I've now read your book Sapiens twice and in that book you do something that I found pretty extraordinary. You cover the history of mankind. It seems to be like an invitation for people to dismiss it as superficial, so I read it, and I read it again, because in fact, I found so many ideas that were enriching. I want to talk about just one or two of them as examples.
Your chapter on science is one of my favorites and so is the title of that chapter, "The Discovery of Ignorance." It presents the idea that science began when people discovered that there was ignorance, and that they could do something about it, that this was really the beginning of science. I love that phrase.
And in fact, I loved that phrase so much that I went and looked it up. Because I thought, where did he get it? My search of the phrase showed that all the references were to you. And there are many other things like that in the book.
How did you transition from that book to what you're doing now?

YUVAL NOAH HARARI: It came naturally. My big question at present is what is the human agenda for the 21st century. And this is a direct continuation from covering the history of humankind, from the appearance of Homo Sapiens until today, so when you finish that, immediately, you think, okay, what next? I'm not trying to predict the future, which is impossible, now more than ever. Nobody has a clue how the world will look like in, say, 40, 50 years. We may know some of the basic variables but, if you really understand what's going on in the world, you know that it's impossible to have any good prediction for the coming decades. This is the first time in history that we're in this situation.
I'm trying to do something that is the opposite of predicting the future. I'm trying to identify what are the possibilities, what is the horizon of possibilities that we are facing? And what will happen from among these possibilities? We still have a lot of choice in this regard.
KAHNEMAN: Could you elaborate on these possibilities? I mean, what's the distinction between predicting and setting up a range of possibilities?
HARARI: I think about it in visual terms, whether you try to narrow your field of vision, or to broaden it. For example, when you try to predict the weather for tomorrow, there are a lot of possibilities to begin with. It might rain, it might snow, there might be sunshine. And a good meteorologist, according to one view of science, is a meteorologist that takes this horizon of possibilities and narrows it down to a single possibility or just two possibilities. It will certainly rain, maybe hard, maybe less so. That's it.
And after you finish reading the book or taking the course or whatever, your view of the world in this sense is narrower, because you have fewer possibilities to consider. You know it's going to rain. The same thing in economics, in medicine, and also in history. People ask what will happen next? You have all these possibilities, and I'm telling you, China is going to be the superpower, end of story. You narrow down the range.
There is room of course for that. When I go to the doctor to get a medicine, I want him to narrow down the possibilities, not just to enumerate all the options. But I personally like the kind of science that broadens the horizons. I often tell my students at the University that my aim is that after three years, you basically know less than when you first got here. When you first got here, you thought you knew what the world is like and what is war and what is a state, and so forth. After three years, my hope is that you will understand that you actually know far, far less, and you come out with a much broader view of the present and of the future.
Translation - Korean
์ฃฝ์Œ์€ ์„ ํƒ์ด๋‹ค.
๋Œ€๋‹ด: ์œ ๋ฐœ ๋…ธ์•„ ํ•˜๋ผ๋ฆฌ, ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜ ์นด๋„ค๋จผ
https://www.edge.org/conversation/yuval_noah_harari-daniel_kahneman-death-is-optional

๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜ ์นด๋„ค๋จผ : ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹น์‹  ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฑ… โ€˜์‚ฌํ”ผ์—”์Šคโ€™ ๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ตฐ์š”. ์ด ์ฑ…์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ์•„์ฃผ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์จ ๋†“์•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฑ…์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ”ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ถ€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ๋˜ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์˜ ์œ ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฒ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ์ง„์ง„ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”. ํ•œ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ๋งํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ตฐ์š”.
๊ณผํ•™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฑ•ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ โ€œ ๋ฌด์ง€์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌโ€ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ•ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์ง€ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋”๊ตฐ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ํ•˜๋„ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์–ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์ถœ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜์ง€์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด โ€œ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์„๊นŒ? ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•Œ์•„๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐธ์กฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์™”๋”๊ตฐ์š”. ์ฑ…์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ ์š”.
์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”??

์œ ๋ฐœ ๋…ธ์•„ ํ•˜๋ผ๋ฆฌ: ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์•„์ฃผ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €ํฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜๋ฌธ์€ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์–ด์  ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ˜ธ๋ชจ ์‚ฌํ”ผ์—”์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์™”๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋กœ โ€œ๊ทธ๋ž˜! ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ญ์ง€? ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์–ธํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€์š”. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ 40,50๋…„ ํ›„์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ๋Š” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๋ช‡ ์‹ญ ๋…„์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฒ˜์ง€์— ๋†“์ด๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋“ค๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€!? ์•„์ง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์นด๋„ค๋งŒ: ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?? ์ œ ๋ง์€ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ ?? ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜๋ผ๋ฆฌ: ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹œ์•ผ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์‹œ์•ผ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžˆ๋Š๋ƒ ์ขํžˆ๋Š๋ƒ์ด์ง€์š”. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด์ผ ๋‚ ์”จ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ์„  ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์จ์จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ƒํ•™์ž๋ž€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ขํ˜€์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‚˜ ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ขํžˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์ด ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด๋Š” ์•„๋‹Œ ์ •๋„๋กœ. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ๋‹ค ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋”์šฑ ์ ์–ด์ ธ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์€ ๋”์šฑ ์ข์•„์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด์ฃ . ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์—” ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ „ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์ดˆ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ์ด ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ขํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์—ญ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ์ขํžˆ๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์ผ์ผ์ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง„ ์•Š์•„์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” 3๋…„ ํ›„์ฏค์—๋Š” ๋„ˆํฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๋“ค์–ด ์™”์„ ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋” ๋งํ•˜์ง€์š”. ์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋“ค์–ด ์™”์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ณ  ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ณ  ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€์š”. ์ œ ํฌ๋ง์€ 3๋…„ ํ›„์—๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ–์— ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข€ ๋” ๋„“์€ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
English to Korean: Measuring systems
General field: Tech/Engineering
Detailed field: Mechanics / Mech Engineering
Source text - English
Ultra-DesQ
Tactile spot measurements:

glass, metal, parquet and laminates.


The versatile Ultra-DesQ is์Ÿงdeal์Ÿฃor the quality control of profiled floor elements, laminates, parquet, glass, contoured shapes or metal components. It measures length, width, parallelism, keying, angularity, evenness and thickness and positioning of tongues and grooves in accordance with DIN EN 13329.



Ultra-DesQ์Ÿงs also available in์Ÿ”teel-DesQ,์Ÿƒlass-DesQ์Ÿžnd์ŸŠaminate-DesQ์Ÿถersions to match specialist requirements.

Range of applications Ultra-DesQ
Scanning a large number of spot samples directly from the machines
For regular testing in the test laboratory
Scanning prototypes and serial parts when testing components and initial samples
Minimising set-up times for machines and systems
Can be deployed in many different areas, using special measuring adaptors
Functions Ultra-DesQ
Dimension checks on external dimensions and evenness
Tactile scanning carried out manually by the operator
Measuring cut-outs and holes
The digital display of X, Y and Z-values
The scanning of profiles
Translation - Korean
์šธํŠธ๋ผ-๋ฐ์ŠคQ
์ ‘์ด‰์‹์ŠคํŒŸ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ
์œ ๋ฆฌ,๊ธˆ์†,์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋งˆ๋ฃจ, ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋„ค์ดํŠธ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋งˆ๋ฃจ


์‘์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์šธํŠธ๋ผ ๋ฐ์ŠคQ๋Š” ํ™ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ณต์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋งˆ๋ฃจ, ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋„ค์ดํŒ… ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋งˆ๋ฃจ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋ฆฌ,์ ์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ํ˜น์€ ๊ธˆ์† ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ(QC)์— ์ตœ์ .
๊ธธ์ด,ํญ,ํ‰ํ–‰๋„,์๊ธฐ ์œ„์น˜ ์„ ์ •, ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒ  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์œ„์น˜ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ท ์ผ๋„์™€ ๋‘๊ป˜ ์ธก์ • :
DINEN1332


์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์šธํŠธ๋ผ ๋ฐ์ŠคQ ์œ ์‚ฌ ๋ฒ„์ ผ ์ œํ’ˆ:

์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„
โ€ข ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์Šคํฟ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ์Šค์บ๋‹
โ€ข ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์‹ค ๋‚ด ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์šฉ
โ€ข ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž… ์Šค์บ๋‹, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๊ณผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ์šฉ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์–ผ ์ž‘์—… ๋ฐ ํ›„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ
โ€ข ์„ค๋น„ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์กฐ์ • ์ž‘์—… ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
โ€ข ํŠน์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„์ธก ์–ด๋Œ‘ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ ์ค‘๋ณต ์žฅ์†Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
์œจํŠธ๋ผ ๋ฐ์ŠคQ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ
โ€ข ์™ธ์ธก์น˜ ๋ฐ ๊ท ์ผ๋„ ์ธก์ •
โ€ข ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜๋™ ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
โ€ข ๊ฐ์ข… ํ™ˆ๊ณผ ํ™€ ์ธก์ •
โ€ข X,Y Z 3์ฐจ์› ๊ฐ’ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋กœ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ
โ€ข ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ ์Šค์ผ€๋‹
English to Korean: What if Advertising Told The Whole Truth?
General field: Marketing
Detailed field: Advertising / Public Relations
Source text - English
What if Advertising Told The Whole Truth?
Would People Prefer Complete Honesty?
โ€ขโ€ขโ€ข
BY PAUL SUGGETT
There are many different types of lies that we all encounter in our day-to-day lives. The writers of the book "Spy The Lie," an excellent account of spotting deception, say there are three main categories of lies:
1: The Lie of Commission.
This is the easiest one to categorize. A lie of commission is a blatant, bald-faced statement that is the exact opposite of the truth. For instance, if someone at work steals your lunch, you see them do it, and they say "I did not steal your lunch," that's a lie of commission. These are the lies that would make Pinocchio's nose to grow a foot or two.
Advertising rarely, if ever, produces ads that contain lies of commission. There are just too many lawyers waiting to jump on them. Bait-and-switch is a prime example of when these lies are used, but even those are prosecuted.

2: The Lie of Omission.
This is a much more difficult scenario. Lies of omission are not outright lies. They are usually truths, but with something quite important missing in order to create a misconception. For instance, you may be buying a car and the seller will say "it's a lovely motor, serviced regularly, new paint job." What they're not telling you is that it was serviced regularly because it's a lemon with constant problems, and the new paint job is from an accident that car was in.
This is where advertising is most at home. Talk about the benefits; ignore the drawbacks. There is nothing "wrong" with this approach in advertising, you are merely telling people about all the good things your product or service does. If you're selling a house, however, this is not exactly full disclosure.

3: The Lie of Influence.
Think of this as a little sleight of hand, but with words instead of magic tricks. With a lie of influence, the liar is faced with the fact that the truth is not on their side. The truth hurts them, and they don't want to talk about it. So, they will give you another piece of information that will try and sway your opinion. For instance, you may ask someone "did you steal $20 out of my wallet" and they'll come back with "I volunteer every Sunday at a soup kitchen, does that sound like something I'd do?" They're trying to influence your opinion with a positive statement.
Advertising loves lies of influence as well. It's why you see so many celebrities endorsing products. They bring a certain amount of influence with them, so you think "well if she drinks it, it must be good." Nope. She's being paid.
Within each of these categories you will find many other types of lies. They include white lies, dissembling, half-truths, exaggerations and fabrications.
Now, knowing what we do about lies, and how they are told, it seems fair to ask the questionโ€ฆwould people prefer honest ads, or do they want to be "lied" to?

What if Ads Were 100% Honest?
If we're completely honest with ourselves, we know as either clients, account managers or creatives, we'd be setting ourselves an impossible task.
That's not to say we're not honest in what we do. But come on, no one ever sprays on Axe deodorant and gets chased by women from the Victoria's Secret catalog. Men don't become more attractive to women when the drink beer. Women don't get a flawless complexion by putting a bit of foundation on.
In advertising, we exaggerate the benefit, and we conveniently say nothing about the negative sides of the product.
What if anti-perspirant ads came out and said "this stuff makes your pits smell nice, but it leaves white marks on your t-shirts. And you will not be any more attractive to the opposite sex." Would this work?
In the short term, yes, it would actually. Because it's a new approach. You could call it "Honest Joe's Pit Rescue" and consumers would rush out in droves because they like something new.

The Comedy Movie That Dared to Include Honest Ads
In a movie called "Crazy People," starring Darryl Hannah and the late Dudley Moore, an ad creative was admitted to a mental institution for daring to create ads that spoke the whole truth. This was a guy at the end of his rope, tired of making false claims and doing boring work. What resulted was a series of ads that accidentally went to print.
"Buy Volvos. They're boxy but they're good."
"Jaguar. For men who like hand jobs from beautiful women they hardly know."
"Come to New York. It's not as dirty as you think."
"Metamucil. It helps you go to the toilet. If you don't use it, you get cancer and die."
"Come IN the Bahamas."
You get the picture. People went nuts (excuse the pun) for them, and the products sold in record numbers. Well, of course they did, it was a movie. But if this had happened in real life, what would the outcome have been? and in reality, regular consumers would love the breath of fresh air.
For a while.
Then reality would suddenly lose its appeal, and people would go back to the products that didn't remind them of their less appealing traits.

The Cigarette Brand That Tried "Keeping it Real."
This no nonsense, total honest approach was actually tried once, on a brand of cigarettes marketed in the UK. They called them DEATH cigarettes, and the packaging was black, with a skull and crossbones emblazoned on it. You really don't get much more honest than that.
And what happened?
Well at first, the result was incredible. The company couldn't sell them fast enough. Guys bragged about how they could "handle the truth" and wanted a product that set them straight. The TV news and papers ran stories on these new, honest, aggressive cigarettes stating that death is imminent. It was a public relations masterpiece.
But after skyrocketing sales came the inevitable crash and burn.
Shelves that were once empty started to become packed with packets of cigs that no one wanted to buy. Smokers returned to their older brands in droves, stating that they preferred the taste. And after just four years, the company closed its doors.
However, taste had very little to do with the shuttering of the company's doors. It wasn't anything to do with the product itself, it was pretty much the same as any other. It was simply that smokers didn't like being reminded that they were killing themselves. They preferred the lie that although cigarettes do kill many people, they wouldn't be affected because they are not susceptible to lung cancer. Blissful ignorance, coupled with hopeful thinking.

So, do people want honesty?
Yes and no. People actually want the illusion of honesty. They want to think they are being told the truth, and do not want to be blatantly lied to. Somewhere in the middle of that gray area is what is known as exaggeration, sarcasm, and playful language.
Women will not chase after you if you spray a manly scent on you. But...they might just say hi at the bar. You won't become a shiny-haired movie star by using shampoo...but you might get more people to notice you. And so on.
The whole truth is a hard pill for most people to swallow these days. And the likes of the VW bug campaign from the sixties is fast becoming an unlikely probability.

Translation - Korean

๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์‹ค๋งŒ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ?? ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์ •์งํ•จ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
ํŒŒ์šธ ์„œ์ง€ํŠธ
์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ณ„์˜๋ณ„ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ธ โ€œ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋‹คโ€์˜ ์ €์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ 3๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.

1. ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง
๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ํ›คํ•œ. ๋ป”๋ป”์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ง„์‹ค์˜ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ํ›”์ณ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ป”ํžˆ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ โ€œ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ํ›”์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์†Œ.โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ”ผ๋…ธํ‚ค์˜ค์˜ ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์น˜๋‚˜ ๋‘ ์น˜ ์ž๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋”์€ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด ๋“  ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์–ด ๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ง„์„ ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ . ๊ณ ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ์•„๋ž‘๊ณณ์—†์ด ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฅผ ํ›„๋ ค๋‚ด๋Š” ์ƒ์ˆ ์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

2. ์†Œ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง
์ด๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋‹ค. ์†Œ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์€ ์ƒˆ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์ง„์‹ค์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜คํ•ด๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ ๋น ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ ค ํ•˜๋ฉด ํŒ๋งค์ž๋Š” โ€œ์ด์ฐจ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์ฐจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋น„๋„ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ ์š”, ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ์น ๋„ ๋ง๋”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ณค์ง€์š”.โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ๋Š” ์ง€์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ—ˆ์ ‘ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์–ด์„œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ •๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์น ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ด‘๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์ด๋‹ค. ์žฅ์ ์€ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ ์€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ ์ฑ„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ด‘๊ณ ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํŒŒ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฉด๋งŒ์„ ๋งํ•ด์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผํƒ์„ ํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

3. ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง
์ด๋ฅผ ์š”์ˆ  ์†์ž„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์žฌ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†์žฌ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฌ์ฃผ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์ž. ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ง„์‹ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ์ž˜ ์•ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง„์‹ค์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋น„ํ‹€๊ณ  ์™œ๊ณก๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ โ€œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋„ค ์ง€๊ฐ‘์—์„œ 20๋ถˆ์„ ํ›”์ณค์†Œ?โ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๋ฉด โ€œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์ฃผ ์ผ์š”์ผ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ธ‰์‹์†Œ์—์„œ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ์˜ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ง“์„ ํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๊ฐ™์†Œ!?โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ง๋กœ ์ถ”๊ถํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ๊ธฐ ์œ ๋ช…์ธ์ด ๊ด‘๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ์ธ๊ธฐ ์œ ๋ช…์ธ์ด ๊ทธ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ โ€œ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์‹  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ข‹์„ ๊ฑฐ์•ผโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํฐ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง ์†์—๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์–€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง, ๋”ด์ฒญ๋ถ€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋งŒ ์ง„์‹ค, ๊ณผ์žฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ž‘ ๋“ฑ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆโ€ฆ. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง„์‹คํ•œ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ??

๊ด‘๊ณ ๊ฐ€ 100% ์ง„์‹ค์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ??
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ 100% ์ •์งํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๊ตฌ๋งค์ž์ด๊ฑด ์–ด์นด์šดํŠธ ๋ฉ”๋‹ˆ์ ธ์ด๋“  ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ฐฝ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ด๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ˜์ง€์— ๋†“์ด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์—์„œ ์ •์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด์ž.. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ Axe ํƒˆ์ทจ์ œ ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฟŒ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œํฌ๋ฆฟ ์นดํƒˆ๋กœ๊ทธ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์˜ท์„ ์ž…์€ ์—ฌ์ธ์ด ์ซ“์•„์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์›ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งฅ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ด์ผ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ข€ ๋” ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋„ ์–ผ๊ตด์— ํŒŒ์šด๋ฐ์ด์…˜์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœ๋ž๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‹ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์—†๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ด‘๊ณ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ ์€ ๊ณผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์€ ํŽธ์˜์ƒ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์–ธ๊ธ‰์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋•€ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๋ฐฉ์ง€์ œ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”๋Š”๋ฐ โ€œ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ผ์ง€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ž๊ตญ๋„ ๋‚จ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์„ฑ์—๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋„ ๋” ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋จนํžˆ๊ฒ ๋Š”๊ฐ€?? ์•„์ฃผ ์ž ๊น์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ. ์ œํ’ˆ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ โ€˜์ •์งํ•œ ์กฐ์˜ ๊ฒจ๋“œ๋ž‘์ด ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ œโ€™ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋Š” ๋–ผ๋กœ ๋ชฐ๋ ค๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
๊ณผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ •์งํ•œ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ์ฝ”๋ฏธ๋”” ์˜ํ™”
๋ฐ๋ฆด ํ•œ๋‚˜ ์™€ ๊ณ  ๋‘๋“ค๋ฆฌ ๋ฌด์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ•œ โ€œํฌ๋ ˆ์ด์ง€ ํ”ผํ”Œโ€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ด‘๊ณ  ๊ธฐํš์ž๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๋ ค ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ •์‹  ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋งค์ผ ๊ฑฐ์ง“ ์ฃผ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋”ฐ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ผ์— ์ง€์ณ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ธ๋‚ด์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค.
๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋‹ค ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค.
โ€œ๋ณผ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์„ธ์š”. ์ƒ์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.โ€
โ€œ์žฌ๊ทœ์–ด, ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†์žฅ๋‚œ(=์ˆ˜์Œ) ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๋™์ฐจโ€
โ€œ๋‰ด์š•์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค์„ธ์š”!โ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋งŒํผ ์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•„์š”โ€
โ€œ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฌด์‹ค, ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์ง€์š”. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฌด์‹ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์•”์— ๊ฑธ๋ ค ์ฃฝ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
โ€œ๋ฐ”ํ•˜๋งˆ์—์„œ ์„น์Šค์˜ ์ ˆ์ •(Come in)์„ โ€
๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ฐ€.? ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฏธ์ณ ๋Œ์•„์„œ (๊ณผ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ฃ„์†ก) ์ด๋“ค ์ƒํ’ˆ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋Œ€๋ฐ•์ด ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์•ผ ๋ญ ์˜ํ™” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์–ด๋• ์„๊นŒ?? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋”์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜ธํกํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ž๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ฉด์€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

โ€œ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ.โ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ
์ด๊ฑด ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ๋ฐ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ํŒ๋งค๋œ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ์— ์ง„์งœ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ •์งํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์‹œ๋„๋œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ โ€œ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐโ€๋กœ ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ํฌ์žฅ์—๋Š” ํ•ด์  ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•ด๊ณจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋†“์ธ ๋ผˆ๋‹ค๊ท€ ๋ฌด๋Šฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ค ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ •์งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€ ์•Š์€๊ฐ€!? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„๊นŒ? ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋Œ€์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํž˜๋“ค ๋งŒํผ ๊ด‘์†์œผ๋กœ ํŒ”๋ ค๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง„์‹ค์ด๋ž€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋– ๋ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ง„์†”ํ•˜์—ฌ์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•œ ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์—ด๋ ฌํžˆ ์›ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. TV ๋‰ด์Šค๋‚˜ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์€ ์ฃฝ์Œ์ด ๊ณง ๋‹ฅ์ณ์™”์Œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ , ์ •์งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” PR์˜ ๊ฑธ์ž‘์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ์น˜์†Ÿ๋Š” ํŒ๋งค๊ณ  ๋’ค์—” ํ”ผํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ถ”๋ฝ๊ณผ ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์™”๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋•Œ ํ……ํ…… ๋น„์–ด๊ฐ€๋˜ ํŒ๋งค๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‹ด๋ฑƒ๊ฐ‘๋“ค๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํก์—ฐ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด์ „์˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋“ค์„ ํ–ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋•Œ์˜ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ ๋ง›์ด ๋” ์ข‹์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋–ผ ์ง€์–ด ๋ชฐ๋ ค๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹จ 4๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ๋‹ด๋ฐฐํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ์˜ ๋ง›์€ ๊ทธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œํ’ˆ ์ž์ฒด์™€๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ง€ ํก์—ฐ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋น„๋ก ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ์•”์—๋Š” ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์„ ํƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
ํฌ๋ง ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์จ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ๋ฌด์ง€๋ผ๊ณ ๋‚˜ ํ• ๊นŒ?
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€??
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •์งํ•จ์˜ ํ™˜์ƒ์„ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋งํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€ ๋ป”๋ป”์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์ƒ‰์ง€๋Œ€ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—๋Š” ๊ณผ์žฅ, ๋น„๊ผผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฅ๋‚œ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์–ธ์–ด๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ์„ฑํ–ฅ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฟŒ๋ ค๋ณธ๋“ค ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋’ค๋ฅผ ์ซ“์•„์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ ์ˆ ์ง‘์—์„œ โ€œํ•˜์ด!โ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ์‚ฌ ์ •๋„๋Š” ํ• ๊นŒ?! ์ƒดํ‘ธ๋ฅผ ์“ด๋“ค ๋ฐ˜์ง๋ฐ˜์ง ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ์Šคํƒ€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์ข€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์š”์ฆˆ์Œ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค์ด๋ž€ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค. 1960๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ํดํฌ์Šค๋ฐ”๊ฒ ๋”ฑ์ •๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
English to Korean: Controlling of Power Grid by a Tool from Smart Wire/USA
General field: Tech/Engineering
Detailed field: Energy / Power Generation
Source text - English
SmartValveโ„ข 1000-900{FT0}
The SmartValveโ„ข leverages proven Guardianโ„ข technology and builds upon the success of its predecessors.
By using revolutionary power electronics, the SmartValve effectively increases or decreases the reactance of a given circuit, enabling real-time control of power flow.
A modular, Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), the SmartValve injects a leading or lagging voltage in quadrature with the line current, providing the functionality of a series capacitor or series reactor respectively.
However, unlike conventional series capacitors or reactors, the SmartValve can inject the voltage independently of the line current, thus increasing the ohmic injection when operated below the rated value.
Also, the SmartValve does not have the negative characteristics of these passive devices, such as the risk of sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) with series capacitors and the constant VAR consumption of series reactors.
As a modular device like the Guardian, it eases deployment or re-deployment, allowing the solution size to be scaled up or down to support the dynamic needs of the transmission grid.
Given the fast response of the unitโ€™s power electronics, the unitโ€™s set-point can be changed frequently to actively manage power flows with no degradation in unit life.
The SmartValve enables utilities to get more from their existing grid by:
๏‚•
Addressing short-duration and emergency needs with rapidly deployable and easily re-deployable solutions ๏‚•
Accommodating changes in generation and load by deploying a fleet of units in weeks rather than years
๏‚•
Pushing power away from overloaded transmission facilities or pulling power onto underutilized facilities ๏‚•
Avoiding the use of precious substation space
๏‚•
Providing high uptime via a modular, redundant solution
The SmartValve is available with 500 kVAr, 1000 kVAr and 2000 kVAr ratings.
The first number in the Model number designates the kVAr rating and the second is the maximum continuous current rating.
For example, Model 1000-900 has a reactive power rating of 1000 kVAr and a maximum continuous current of 900 A RMS.
These units are typically installed as part of a fleet and enable a continuous range of control up to the collective rating of the deployment.
{FT1}Technical Specifications Electrical
Maximum Continuous
900 A RMS Current
Maximum Voltage
550 kV RMS line-to-line (Corona-free)
Maximum Emergency
1080 A RMS for 2 Hours
Fault Current Rating
See Note {FT2}(1) {FT3}Current
Electrical-continued
Maximum Voltage
?132 V RMS @ 60 Hz Injection {FT4}(2)
{FT5}or @ 50 Hz
Minimum Current for
200 A RMS Injection {FT6}(3)
Physical
Mass
800 lbs (363 kg)
Dimensions
See Figure Above
Conductor Size Capacity
Agnostic
coolers Communication
Mounting {FT7}(4)
{FT8}Suspended from structure via insulator
Cooling
Active using two sealed forced
Mounting {FT9}(4)
{FT10}Suspended from structure via insulator
Cooling
Active using two sealed forced
Power
Powered by line current
Minimum Current for
50 A RMS Monitoring {FT11}(3)
Environmental
Operating Ambient -40์บŸ to 122์บŸ Temperature Range (-40์บœ to 50์บœ) Storage Temperature Range -40์บŸ to 122์บŸ
(-40์บœ to 50์บœ) Condensing Operating
5% to 100% Humidity Range
Maximum Sustained Rain
4.0 in/hr (102 mm/hr)
Standards
{FT12}Communication Architecture
Mesh Communication Security Features
Sensor Accuracy AC Line Current
{FT13}EMS integration using PowerLine Gateway{FT14}TM {FT15}located at substation
Multilevel ISM band wireless protocol optimized for fast telemetry.
Protocol uses SHA-256 to ensure cryptographic integrity of all messages while supporting full observability by utility firewalls
?3 %
{FT16}Software and Firmware
Electrical Connections
Intrusion Protection
{FT17}IEC 61508 SIL-2 compliant
ANSI C119.4
IEC 60529, IP 54
{FT18}Notes:
1.
Operates in conjunction with a SmartBypassโ„ข module to provide a fault current rating of up to 63 kA RMS for 1.0 sec and 164 kA peak for the first cycle.
See the SmartBypass System spec sheet for more details.
2.
Maximum of the fundamental of the output voltage for an individual unit.
Total voltage injection determined by the number of units per phase.
3.
In Monitoring Mode, the SmartValve is bypassed and does not inject voltage, while telemetry data is still transmitted.
In Injection Mode, the SmartValve injects voltage in series with the line and telemetry data is transmitted.
4.
SmartValves are typically installed on dedicated transmission towers (SmartTowersโ„ข) or in banks (SmartBanksโ„ข).
SmartBanks are typically located in substations or parcels within/near the transmission right-of-way.
SmartValves are also well suited for deployment on the Smart Wires mobile platform.
Version 180614
Translation - Korean
์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ โ„ข 1000-900

์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์ž…์ฆ๋œ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋””์–ธ ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ€๋””์–ธ ์ด์ „ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ€ํžˆ ํ˜๋ช…์ ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ „๋ ฅ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ง๋ ฌ ๋™๊ธฐ ์ง๋ ฌ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ธฐ(SSSC)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ง๊ฐ ์œ„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ • ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋จผ์ € ํ˜น์€ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ „์••์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง๋ ฌ ์นดํŽ˜์‹œํ„ฐ ๋‚˜ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ง๋ ฌ ์นดํŽ˜์‹œํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ฐ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋Š” ๋ผ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์ด ์ „์••์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ •๊ฒฉ ์ „์••๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋™๋  ๋•Œ๋„ ์ €ํ•ญ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋†’์—ฌ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋Š” ์ง๋ ฌ ์นดํŽ˜์‹œํ„ฐ์™€ ์ง๋ ฌ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณด์ƒ๊ธฐ(VAR)์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ € ๋™๊ธฐ๋™์กฐ๊ธฐ(SSR) ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์ธ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์—†์๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ชจ๋“ˆํ˜• ์žฅ์น˜์ธ ๊ฐ€๋””์–ธ์€ ์„ค์น˜ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ง์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

(๊ฐ€๋””์–ธ)๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ์„ค์ •์น˜๋Š” ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ค์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹œ๋กœ ์กฐ์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๋ง ํšŒ์‚ฌ(utility)๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ง์„ ์ข€ ๋” ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์šด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๏‚•

์ง€์†๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€๋™ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋งŸ์ถ”์–ด ์‹ ์†ํžˆ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฒ ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ง์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๋งŸ์ถ”์–ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ช‡๋…„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ช‡์ฃผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๏‚•

๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ง์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋œ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์†ก์ „ ์—ฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๋ง์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋” ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์†ก์ „์„ ์— ์ง์ ‘ ์„ค์น˜ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๏‚•

๋ชจ๋“ˆํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด ์„ค๋น„์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ง ๊ฐ€๋™ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Š˜๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋Š” ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ„๋กœ 500 kVAr, 1000 kVAr, 2000 kVAr ์„ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ชจ๋ธ๋ช…์˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ˆซ์ž (ex. 500)๋Š” kVAr ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธ 1000-900 ์€ 1000 kVar์˜ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ด์Šค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  900์€ 900 A RMS์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์€ ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ง์˜ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋น„๋กœ ์„ค์น˜๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ง ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ƒ์‹œ ์ฝ˜ํŠธ๋กค์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ œํ’ˆ ์ƒ์„ธ ์ œ์›

์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰

900 A RMS Current

์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ „์••

550 kV RMS ๋ผ์ธ to ๋ผ์ธ(์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ์‹œ)

์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋น„์ƒ ์ „์••

1080 A RMS (2์‹œ๊ฐ„)

ํ•œ๋ฅ˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ

๋ณ„๋„ ๋…ธํŠธ ์ฐธ์กฐ


์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ „์••

132V RMS @ 60Hz

/@ 50 Hz

์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ „๋ฅ˜

200 A RMS ์ธ์ž…

์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ

๋ฌด๊ฒŒ




์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ

์ƒ๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ฐธ์กฐ

๋„์ฒด ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ ๋ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰

์ฃผ๋ฌธ ์ œ์›์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„.

ํ†ต์‹ 

์„ค์น˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ

์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด ์กฐ์น˜ํ›„ ์„ค๋น„์— ํ˜„์ˆ˜์‹ ์„ค์น˜
๋ƒ‰๊ฐ

2์ค‘ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋™

์„ค์น˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ

์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด ์กฐ์น˜ํ›„ ์„ค๋น„์— ํ˜„์ˆ˜์‹ ์„ค์น˜

๋ƒ‰๊ฐ

2์ค‘ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋™

์ž‘๋™

๋„์ฒด์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ž‘๋™
์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ „๋ฅ˜

50 A RMS ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง

์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ

์ž‘๋™ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ
์˜จ๋„ ๋ฒ”์œ„, ๋ณด๊ด€์‹œ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฒ”์œ„
-40F~50F ์ž‘๋™

์ž‘๋™ ์Šต๋„ ๋ฒ”์œ„ : 5% ~100%

์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋‚ด ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ํ•œ๊ณ„

4.0 inch/์‹œ(102mm/์‹œ)

ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋‚ด์—ญ

ํ†ต์‹  ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ณ

๋ฉ”์‰ฌํ˜• ํ†ต์‹  ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ฒดํ…

์„ผ์„œ ์ •ํ™•๋„ : ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฐ์•„ํƒ€์— ์ค€ํ•จ

EMS ํ†ตํ•ฉ : ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ์›จ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ

์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์›๊ฒฉ ์ œ์–ด์— ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๋‹ค์ค‘๋ ˆ๋ฒจ ๋ฌด์„  ISM ๋ฐด๋“œ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ

ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋˜์–ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์†ก์ „์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ™”๋ง‰๊ณผ ํ˜ธ์™„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” SHA-256 ์‚ฌ์šฉ

?3 %

์†Œํ”„ํŠธ ์›จ์–ด ์™€ ํŽŒ ์›จ์–ด

์—ฐ๊ฒฐ

๋Œ์ถœ ๋ถ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์žฅ์น˜

IEC 61508 SIL-2 ํ˜ธํ™˜

ANSI C 119.4 ํ‘œ์ค€
IEC 60529, IP54 ํ‘œ์ค€
์ฐธ์กฐ

1.

์ตœ๋Œ€ 1.0 sec์—์„œ 63 kA, ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ 164kA ํ”ผํฌ์น˜ ํ•ด๋‹น ํ•œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ๋ฐ”์ดํŒจ์Šค ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋™์ž‘ํ•จ.

์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋ฐ”์ดํŒจ์Šค์˜ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ์–‘ ์ฐธ์กฐ

2.

๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋ณ„ ์ตœ์ € ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜

์ „์ฒด ์ธ์ž… ์ „์••์€ ๊ฐ ์œ„์ƒ๋ณ„ ์„ค์น˜๋œ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์— ์ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋จ

3.

๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง(๊ฐ์‹œ) ๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ดํŒจ์Šค ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ „์••์„ ์ธ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ. ๋‹จ ์›๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๋Š” ์†ก์‹ ํ•จ

์ธ์ž… ๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋Š” ์ง๋ ฌ๋กœ ์ „์••์„ ์ธ์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์›๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๋Š” ์†ก์‹ ํ•จ.

4.

์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋Š” ํ†ต์ƒ ์ง€์ •๋œ ์†ก์ „ํƒ‘(=์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํƒ€์›Œ) ํ˜น์€ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ(=์Šค๋งˆํŠธ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ)์— ์„ค์น˜๋จ.

์Šค๋งˆํŠธ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ†ต์ƒ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ๋‚ด์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์†ก์ „์„ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋‚ด ๊ตฌํš ํ˜น์€ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•จ.

์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์™€์ด์–ด์˜ ์ด๋™์‹ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์— ๋งŸ์ถ”์–ด ์ „๊ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์„ค๊ณ„๋จ.

๋ฒ„์ ผ # 180614

English to Korean: The MeansEnd approach to Understanding Customer Value
General field: Marketing
Detailed field: Advertising / Public Relations
Source text - English
The Means-End Approach to Understanding Customer
Values of a On-Line Newspaper
Andrรฉ Luiz M. de Souza Leรฃo
E-mail address: [email protected]
Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Tecnologia, Estudos Culturais e Consumo - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Mestrado Profissional em Gestรฃo Empresarial - Faculdade Boa Viagem
Recife, PE, Brazil
Sรฉrgio C. Benรญcio de Mello*
E-mail address: [email protected] / [email protected]
Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Tecnologia, Estudos Culturais e Consumo - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Recife, PE, Brazil


INTRODUCTION
The 20th Century was probably the most packed with social, cultural and โ€“ above all โ€“ technological
change and innovation. In this sense, its last years brought on what we could call a revolution: the
Internet, a mixture of means of communication and space for interpersonal interaction, business and
shopping. To the field of marketing, one aspect seems particularly important in this context: How will
the behavior of this new consumer be processed, this online shopper? Might it be that the
characteristics of access to news, use of services and purchasing in the physical world will carry over
to cyberspace (as the virtual space of the Internet is known)? Or, rather, will the interaction within a
new medium affect peopleโ€™s buying behavior? Or, even if that is not the case, will the possibilities the
medium offers influence the behavior process? One thing is for certain, there seems to be great scope
for research within this area.
This study aims to take a step in that direction, among the many others still to come. In order to do
so, the focus falls upon a fundamental aspect of behavior: human values. The literature relates value to
various other constructs understood as guides to behavior, such as attitude, judgment of preference and
choice. The study of values seems to be of key importance in this seminal phase of research into
online consumer behavior, as it is the basis for one of the first steps in this process: to know and
understand this consumer.
The fact that customer value has gained growing importance in marketing literature is nothing new.
Its application has been related to product and brand strategies (e.g., differentiation, positioning)
achieving a competitive advantage over competitors (Dibley & Baker, 2001; Gutman, 1981; Reynolds
& Gutman, 1988; Vriens & Hofstede, 2000; Woodruff, Schumann, & Gardial, 1993; Woodruff &
Gardial, 1996; Woodruff, 1997); as a means of setting segmentation strategies (Gengler & Reynolds,
1995; Kamakura & Mazzon, 1991; Kamakura & Novak, 1992; Lin, 2002; Prakash, 1986; Reynolds &
Gutman, 1988; Vriens & Hofstede, 2000); as a powerful tool in creating communications strategies
(Prakash, 1986; Reynolds & Gutman, 1984, 1988; Reynolds & Whitlark, 1995; Vriens & Hofstede,
2000; Woodruff & Gardial, 1996); and as a construct with a strong explanation of consumer behavior
and even determinant of attitudes (Dibley & Baker, 2001; Gengler & Reynolds, 1995; Grunert,
Sorensen, Johansen, & Nielsen, 1995; Gutman, 1981; Perkins & Reynolds, 1988).
The central proposal of the construct is that consumers translate product or service attributes into
benefits (or consequences of use) and then into their own value orientation, in a hierarchical
representation (Gengler & Reynolds, 1995). In other words, the consumers themselves value the
recognition of their personal values when using a product or service (Woodruff & Gardial, 1996).
Thus, values are beliefs that guide actions and judgments through specific objectives and situations,
beyond immediate objectives to deeper end-states of existence (Olver & Mooradian, 2003; Rokeach,
1968). The means-end theory is a way of systematically conceptualizing this hierarchical
representation, with the laddering technique as the most commonly used method to achieve it (Gengler
& Reynolds, 1995; Grunert et al., 1995; Woodruff & Gardial, 1996).
The purpose of this research is to understand the customer values of an important on-line Brazilian
newspaper through means-end chains and laddering. Furthermore, it puts forward two peculiar
aspects. The first is related to the fact that this study has been carried out over the Internet, which is
pioneering in studies involving laddering techniques. In order to do so, some adaptations were made
in accordance with the original technique and validated with the achievement of results relative to
the means-end chains theory. Hence, such adaptations are presented and discussed. The second
peculiar aspect is the emphasis given to data analysis, above all in relation to the construction of a
cognitive map or the users through the so-called hierarchical value map. This peculiarity of the
study satisfies both validity and reliability in qualitative research criteria, providing a rich and
detailed description of its results (Merrian, 1998), as well as offering the reader an understanding of
such mechanisms in a detailed manner, something which we do not commonly see in publications
related to this technique, in which many aspects of the analysis are not presented in a clear way - as
The Means-End Approach to Understanding Customer Values of a On-Line Newspaper
BAR, v. 4, n. 1, art. 1, p. 1-20, Jan./April 2007 www.anpad.org.br/bar
3
evidenced in our text - forcing Valette-Florence and Rapacchi (1991) to suggest that it is โ€œa manual
path derivation which can lead to various omissions or errorsโ€ (p. 32).
Its relevance is the contribution in using the means-end theory in Brazil, where it was applied for the
first time. Moreover, the environment where the data collection occurred was the Internet โ€“ one of the
first attempts of on-line laddering, as well as the detailed description of its analytic process, which
helps contribute to an easier understanding by those interested in carrying out research of this kind.
Finally, the research utilized one of the largest samples in means-end research known.
The paper opens by reviewing the theoretical foundations of value construct and then of the meansend
theory. Subsequently, the use of laddering in this research is described, and a hierarchical map is
presented. Finally, conclusions are drawn and future research considered.
Translation - Korean
Translation - Korean
์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋‰ด์ŠคํŽ˜์ดํผ ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜
๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ-๋ชฉ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•
Andr? Luiz M. de Souza Le?
E-mail address: [email protected]
Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Tecnologia, Estudos Culturais e Consumo - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Mestrado Profissional em Gest? Empresarial - Faculdade Boa Viagem
Recife, PE, Brazil
S?gio C. Ben?io de Mello*
E-mail address: [email protected] / [email protected]
Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Tecnologia, Estudos Culturais e Consumo - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Recife, PE, Brazil


์„œ๋ก 
20์„ธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์ด๋…ธ๋ฒ ์ด์…˜์ด ์••์ถ•๋œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ช‡๋…„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€ํžˆ ํ˜๋ช…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์™”๋‹ค.
์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์™€ ์‡ผํ•‘ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋ฉด ํŠนํžˆ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด€์ ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰์ด ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?
๋‰ด์Šค์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ, ์ธ์  ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค ํ–‰ํƒœ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
๊ทธ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์ค‘ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ „์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ํ•จ์— ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ดˆ์ ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ–‰ํƒœ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด ์ฆ‰ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๋งŸ์ถ”์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
๋ณธ๊ณ ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ํƒœ๋„, ์šฐ์„  ์ˆœ์œ„์™€ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฅผ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค.
๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… (์—ฐ๊ตฌ)์ฃผ์ œ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ปค์ ธ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ์ ์šฉ์€ ์ œํ’ˆ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”์™€ ์ œํ’ˆ ํฌ์ง€์…”๋‹ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์ „๋žต, ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„ค ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์šฐ์œ„์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค.
& Gutman, 1988; Vriens & Hofstede, 2000; Woodruff, Schumann, & Gardial, 1993; Woodruff &
์ œํ’ˆ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„(์„ธ๊ทธ๋ฉ˜ํ…Œ์ด์…˜)์ „๋žต์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ
1995; Kamakura & Mazzon, 1991; Kamakura & Novak, 1992; Lin, 2002; Prakash, 1986; Reynolds &
์†Œํ†ต(์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜) ์ „๋žต ์ฐฝ์กฐ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ (ํˆด)์œผ๋กœ
(Prakash, 1986; Reynolds & Gutman, 1984, 1988; Reynolds & Whitlark, 1995; Vriens & Hofstede,
์†Œ๋น„์ž ํ–‰ํƒœ์™€ ํƒœ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์  ์š”์ธ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ
Sorensen, Johansen, & Nielsen, 1995; Gutman, 1981; Perkins & Reynolds, 1988).
์ด ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ œ์‹œ์ ์€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ„์ธต ํ‘œํ˜„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ด์ต(ํ˜น์€ ์ตœ์ข… ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ )์ด ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€ ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์  ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ณ„์ธต ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ž€ ์กด์žฌ์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
1968). ์ˆ˜๋‹จ-๋ชฉ์  ์ด๋ก ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์˜ค๋ฆ„ ํ…Œํฌ๋‹‰๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ„์ธต ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„์  ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.
& Reynolds, 1995; Grunert et al., 1995; Woodruff & Gardial, 1996).
๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ-๋ชฉ์  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ (๊ณ„์ธต) ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ์ฃผ์š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋‰ด์ŠคํŽ˜์ดํผ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š”
์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์˜ค๋ฆ„ ํ…Œํฌ๋‹‰์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์„ ๋„์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์›๋ž˜์˜ ํ…Œํฌ๋‹‰์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ ๋ชฉ์  ์‚ฌ์Šฌ ์ด๋ก ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต ํ™•์ธ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์€ ์ œ์•ˆ๊ณผ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณค๋‹ค.
๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ํŠนํžˆ ์ธ์ง€ ๋งต๊ณผ ์†Œ์œ„ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๋งต์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
๋ณธ๊ณ ์˜ ํŠน์ดํ•จ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์„œ์ˆ ์—์„œ ์ •์„ฑ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” .ํƒ€๋‹นํ•จ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. . ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ฝ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฉ”์นด๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ์€ ๋™ ํ…Œํฌ๋‹‰์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ–‰๋ฌผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ๊ณ ์—์„œ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
The Means-End Approach to Understanding Customer Values of a On-Line Newspaper
BAR, v. 4, n. 1, art. 1, p. 1-20, Jan./April 2007 www.anpad.org.br/bar
3
๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋–ผ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ Œ์Šค์™€ ๋ผํŒŒ์น˜(1991)๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๋žต๊ณผ ์—๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒŒ์ƒ ์ˆ˜๋™ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. 32).
์ˆ˜๋‹จ ๋ชฉ์  ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•จ์€ ์ด ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ƒ์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋„์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์„œ์ˆ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ข€๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ ๋ชฉ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜, ์ด์–ด์„œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ ๋ชฉ์  ์ด๋ก ์„ ์žฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์ˆ ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์ธต ๋งต์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค.
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ํ–ฅํ›„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์•ˆํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

English to Korean: Move over FAANG, here comes MAGA
General field: Other
Detailed field: Journalism
Source text - English
https://www.economist.com/business/2018/08/04/the-tech-giants-are-still-in-rude-health
Move over FAANG, here comes MAGA
The tech giants are still in rude health
Throwing all big tech companies into one basket has always been lazy

IN THE end, it wasnโ€™t enough, at least for now. On July 31st Apple announced results for its third quarter that handily beat analystsโ€™ expectations. Revenues rose by 17% compared with the same period in 2017, and profits were 32% higher. The firmโ€™s shares jumped by nearly 4% in after-hours trading. But Apple did not, by the time The Economist went to press, quite manage to become the worldโ€™s first widely held listed company with a market capitalisation of $1trn (see chart).

The near miss is a fitting coda to the latest round of results in techland. Momentum in this most upwardly mobile of industries is unbroken; sales and profits are still rising. But the laws of economic gravity have not been repealed. In fact, the era of the FAANGsโ€” as Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix and Googleโ€™s parent, Alphabet, are collectively knownโ€”may be coming to an end, giving way to a period in which two groups of tech firms follow different trajectories.
This year the FAANGS and few other high-flying tech firms provided more than half the returns in the S&P 500 share index. Netflixโ€™s share price, for instance, more than doubled between January and July. Twitterโ€™s almost did so. Facebookโ€™s market value quickly recovered from a low in March, after revelations that its data on 87m users had leaked to a British political campaign firm
Translation - Korean
https://www.economist.com/business/2018/08/04/the-tech-giants-are-still-in-rude-health
ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ,์•„๋งˆ์กด,์• ํ”Œ, ๋„ทํ”Œ๋ฆญ์Šค ๊ตฌ๊ธ€(FAANG)์„ ๋„˜์–ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ,์•„๋งˆ์กด,๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์• ํ”Œ(MAGA)๋กœ
IT ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์•„์ง ๊ฑด์žฌํ•˜๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ...
์ด๋“ค ๋ชจ๋“  IT ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๊ตฌ๋‹ˆ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ง€์ฒด๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค.

์ ์–ด๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ง์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. 7์›” 31์ผ ์• ํ”Œ์€ ์—๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฟํžˆ ๋„˜๊ธด 3/4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์˜์—… ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ต์€ ๋™๊ธฐ ์ „๋…„๋Œ€๋น„ 17% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ต์€ 32% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์‹ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ข…๋ฃŒํ›„์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ 4% ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์• ํ”Œ์€ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์˜ ์ด์ฝ”๋…ธ๋ฏธ์ŠคํŠธ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ธ์‡„๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ€์ด์•ก 1์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ตฐ์—๋Š” ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ด ์•„์Šฌ ์•„์Šฌํ•œ ์„ฑ์  ๋ฏธ๋‹ฌ์€ ์ด ์ •๋ณด ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์‹ค์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅธ ์ƒํ–ฅ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์€ ์•„์ง ๊บพ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ํŒ๋งค์™€ ์ด์ต๋„ ์•„์ง ์ƒ์Šน์„ธ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ ๋ฌด์—ญ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ค‘๋ ฅ๋ฒ•์น™์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์œ ํšจํ•˜๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ,์•„๋งˆ์กด,์• ํ”Œ, ๋„ทํ”Œ๋ฆญ์Šค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์˜ ๋ชจํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ์„ ๋ฌถ์–ด์„œ ์นญํ•˜๋Š” FAANG์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋™์ข… ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์†ํ•œ ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋๋งบ์Œ์„ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
์˜ฌํ•ด FAANG๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‹ค์  ๊ณ ๊ณต ํ–‰์ง„ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ S&P500์ง€์ˆ˜ ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์ง„์ž…ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ด์ƒ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋„ทํ”Œ๋ฆญ์Šค์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€๋Š” 1์›” ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์›” ์‚ฌ์ด์— 2๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค. ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€. ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์—ญ์‹œ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž 870๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตญ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์œ ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ง€๋‚œ 3์›”์˜ ์ตœ์ €์ ์—์„œ ์žฌ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๋ณต ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Korean to English: ์•„์Šคํ…”์•ค์ปจ์˜ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ง ํ€„๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ
General field: Tech/Engineering
Detailed field: Media / Multimedia
Source text - Korean
์•„์Šคํ…”์•ค์ปจ์€ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ง ํ€„๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ(Mastering Quality Sound, MQS)๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”
๊ถ๊ทน์˜ ํฌํ„ฐ๋ธ” ๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ์น˜ํ˜• ํ•˜์ดํŒŒ์ด ์˜ค๋””์˜ค ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. MQS๋ž€ ์ŠคํŠœ๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ๋…น์Œํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ ์Œ์›์„ ์ง€์นญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•„์Šคํ…”(Astell)์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด๋กœ โ€˜๋ณ„โ€™, ์ปจ(Kern)์€ ๋…์ผ์–ด๋กœ โ€˜์ค‘์‹ฌโ€™์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์Œ์•…์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋œป์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋…น์Œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋‚˜๋‚ ์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ฎค์ง€์…˜๋“ค์ด ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋กœ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์›์Œ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋…น์Œ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํŽธ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด MP3 ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ๋‚˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ์•…์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ MP3 ์Œ์›์€ ์ž‘์€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์••์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์•…๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ณด์ปฌ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ญ‰๊ฐœ์ง€๊ณ , ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์Œ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ์˜ ๊ฐ๋™์ด ์ „ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฎค์ง€์…˜, ์—ฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€, ๋…น์Œ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋“ค์ด ์˜๋„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์Œ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณ ์Œ์งˆ์˜ MQS ์Œ์›์„ ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์„๊นŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์•„์Šคํ…”์•ค์ปจ์ด ํƒ„์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

CD ์Œ์›์˜ 6.5๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” MQS ์Œ์›์„ ์žฌ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์Šคํ…”์•ค์ปจ์€ ์„ธ์„ธํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํก์‚ฌ ๊ณต์—ฐ์žฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฅ๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์„ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์™œ๊ณก ์—†์ด ์›์Œ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ฆํญํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์Šคํ…”์•ค์ปจ์˜ ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์•ฐํ”„ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ํ‰๋‚ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์•„์Šคํ…”์•ค์ปจ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Translation - English
Astell&Kern is almost final portable and in-house hi-fi digital audio system which makes you enjoy Mastering Quality Sound or MQS.
MQS is non-distorted high-resolution music source recorded at the studio. Astell means โ€˜Starsโ€™ in Greek and Kern means โ€˜Centerโ€™ in German. We wish to make Astell&Kern, the center of music.

Advancing recording technology captures the sound of music at performances in digital almost precisely as they were performed. However, music lovers listen to these high-quality recordings only by inferior sound formats, like MP3 or streaming services.
The format of MP3 heavily compresses files of the vocals and instruments for compact storage, and this makes you hear the sound of no background with a sense of space.

Astell&Kern was born with our wish to make you listen whenever and wherever high-resolution MQS source of no distortion which music artists, recording engineers, and professionals have made initially.

You can enjoy the music like you were at the performance place thanks to minuscule details play-back function. MQS of Astell&Kern has more than 6.5 times big data than a CD.

Furthermore, our no copy allowed unique technology of analog amplifier brings you non-distorted closest original sound though it is the minute signal of an analog sound.
Korean to English: ์ผ์ƒ ์† ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์†Œ์Œ, ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š”
General field: Other
Detailed field: Journalism
Source text - Korean
https://www.sciencetimes.co.kr/?news์ผ์ƒ ์† ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์†Œ์Œ, ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š”?

๋ผ๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์ง€์ง๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ท€์— ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข…์ข… ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ƒ ์†์—์„œ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์Œ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์†Œ์Œโ€™์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ ํ™”์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์†Œ์Œ(white noise)์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์žก์Œ์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์—ฐ์† ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์†Œ์ •์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ 1์˜ฅํƒ€๋ธŒ๋‹น ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์žก์Œ์ด๋‹ค.
์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด, ๋ผ๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€์ง€์ง ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๋น—์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์†Œ์Œ์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ƒ์—์„œ โ€˜ASMRโ€™์ด ํ™”์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฐ์—… ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ•™ํšŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์†Œ์Œ์€ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ ฅ 47.7% ํ–ฅ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ 9.6% ํ–ฅ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

โ–ฒ ์นดํŽ˜์—์„œ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ปคํ”ผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ, ์ปต์ด ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ ์ผ์ƒ ์†์—์„œ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์Œ์„ ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์†Œ์Œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์†Œ์Œ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ“’Science Times
์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋˜ํ•œ 27.1% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•™์Šต ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ 13.63% ๋‹จ์ถ•์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์†Œ์Œ์ด ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ โ€˜์†Œ์Œโ€™์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์พŒ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ์‹์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์†Œ์Œ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋“ฃ๋˜ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ •๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ๊ท€์— โ€˜์ฐฉํ•œโ€™ ์†Œ์Œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์†Œ์Œ์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ๊ทธ ๋น„๋ฐ€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์†Œ์Œ์€ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์†Œ์Œ์„ ๋ฎ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
๊ท€์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์†Œ์Œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฒญ๊ฐํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์†Œ์Œ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Translation - English
The static sound from the radio is offensive mostly.

The static sound from the radio is offensive mostly. But sometimes this sound makes you feel comfortable. White noise, a sort of natural sound comes from everyday life is becoming the topic nowadays.
White noise is a noise of the first spectrum. It has regular continuous spectrum regardless of frequency, and its intensity of one octave within a specific frequency range is also routine irrespective of the position.
The static sound from radio or raining is white noise, to put is easy. It has gained popularity among people as the โ€˜ASMRโ€™ became the topic on the Internet. Following the report of KSIOP, white noise helps to improve the concentration of 47.7% and memory 9.6 % respectively.

Coffee brewing sound at the cafe, chattering of people, a little sound of the clink of glasses, they are all white noise. White noise is known to have a various positive effect on people. โ“’Science Times
It can help students by 27.1 % stress decrease and reduce study time by 13.63%. People have thought โ€˜noiseโ€™ to be annoying and as the sound that makes them uncomfortable. However, white noise is normal hearing natural sound which gives you stability and concentration. It can be said, the โ€˜niceโ€™ noise.
The secret of how it helps improving concentration is frequency. It has a uniform and steady range of spectrum overall, and this covers noise coming from the surround.
It gets accustomed to ear, and people donโ€™t think them noise. So it doesnโ€™t interfere with them their working or studying. To put it easy and simple, people take it as a whole noise without a sense of some specific hearing pattern.
Korean to English: ๋ฆฌ๋””๋ถ์Šค ํŽ˜์ดํผ ํ”„๋กœ ์ œํ’ˆ ์†Œ๊ฐœ
General field: Marketing
Detailed field: Advertising / Public Relations
Source text - Korean
์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ

๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฑ…์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋” ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ

์ข…์ด์ฑ… ๋Š๋‚Œ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋” ์–‡๊ณ  ๋” ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ

์–ด๋‘์šด ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ์ฑ…์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋ก ํŠธ ๋ผ์ดํŠธ

๋ฌด๋“œ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ƒ‰ ์˜จ๋„

ํ•œ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋…์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์ด๋™ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ

ํ–‹๋น› ์•„๋ž˜์„œ๋„ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
LCD์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋น› ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด ํ•œ ๋‚ฎ ๋ฃจํ”„ํƒ‘ ์นดํŽ˜์—์„œ๋„ ๋…์„œ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธฐ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ˆˆ์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ
LED์˜ ๋ธ”๋ฃจ ๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์„ ํ”ผ๋กœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์›์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.Paper Pro์˜ ์ƒ‰ ์˜จ๋„ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ธ”๋ฃจ ๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋” ๋˜๋ ทํ•œ 300ppiํ•ด์ƒ๋„

7์ธ์น˜ ๊ธ‰ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ด๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋”๊ธฐ์ค‘ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์œ ์ผ์˜ 300ppi ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๋กœ ์ข…์ด์ฑ…๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ํ€„๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ถœ์ฒ˜ : ๋ฆฌ๋””๋ถ์Šค ํŽ˜์ดํผ ํ”„๋กœ ์ œํ’ˆ ์†Œ๊ฐœ
Translation - English
Everywhere Every time

Comfortable like a real book

Thin, compact and handy

Front light helps reading in a dark place.

Adjustable color temperature enables moods of your choice.

Paging by e-book hold hand

Clear screen under sunshine
No light reflection like LCD. You can enjoy comfortable daylight reading at the rooftop cafe

No harm to eyes
Blue light of the LED hurts the eye. Color temperature adjustment of Paper Pro removes blue light.

300 ppi hi-resolution.

Among over 7-inch e-book readers made in Korea, Paper Pro only has 300 ppi hi-resolution. It makes almost the same quality as a paper book.

Source: RIDIBOOKS PAPER Pro/Korea Ad. on its web page

Korean to English: IoTํ”Œ๋žซํผ์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”
General field: Marketing
Detailed field: Marketing / Market Research
Source text - Korean
IoTํ”Œ๋žซํผ์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”
์†Œ์Šค: ๋™์•„๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ 2018/08
๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์›๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•„์•ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•„์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค.
๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ด ๋ถ€๋“ฑ์‹์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ์›๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ฏ์ถ”๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋†’์—ฌ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค.์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ  ํ›„์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ ˆ๋ฐ”ํ€ด, ์ฆ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒ๋งคํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ์š”์ปจ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ํŒ๋งค ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ IoT ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์„์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ํŒ๋งค ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์„œ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ํŒ๋งค๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ IoT ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋˜๋ฉด ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ํŒ๋งค, ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ๋งค๋œ ์ œํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์ œํ’ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ํŒ๋งค๋œ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋œ๋‹ค.
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€์น˜์‚ฌ์Šฌ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์†์—์„œ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Translation - English
Business Model Change from IoT Platform
Source: Dong-A Business Review Aug.2018
The price of goods should be higher than the cost and its value to the price too.
A company needs to make the difference between this inequality as vast as possible. That is, decreasing the cost or increasing the value of the goods by all means. Productivity and creativity are the results of each activity.
A company is run by those two wheels, i.e .productivity improving manufacturing and creativity increasing sales. This can be summarized to typical business administration which deals with production and sales as development and marketing respectively.
However, the IoT platform generates a value which typical business administration has never made. It has understood the manufacturing and selling as two separated activities, and this caused to study a company with this two division. Mounting IoT technology onto products makes development, production, sales and warranty connected from the beginning. The data from sold products are utilized for development and manufacturing, and the idea from the event is used for updating the warranty software.
Therefore, the value chain, the series of corporation activity, does not finish at once. It gets connected continuously by customer relationship. The concept of common business management is being changed.

English to Korean: Intellectual Property, Constitution US Law
General field: Law/Patents
Detailed field: Law: Patents, Trademarks, Copyright
Source text - English
Intellectual property

Overview
In general terms, intellectual property is any product of the human intellect that the law protects from unauthorized use by others. The ownership of intellectual property inherently creates a limited monopoly in the protected property. Intellectual property is traditionally comprised of four categories: patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secrets.

Common Law
Common law did not recognize intellectual property rights. Justice Brandeis communicated this belief in his dissent to International News Service v. Associated Press:"The general rule of law is, that the noblest of human productionsโ€”knowledge, truths ascertained, conceptions, and ideasโ€”become, after voluntary communication to others, as free as the air to common use."
Modern Intellectual Property Rights
The products of the human intellect that comprise the subject matter of intellectual property are typically characterized as non-rivalrous public goods. Essentially, this means that the same product may be used simultaneously by more than one person without diminishing the availability of that product for use by others.
The law of intellectual property can be seen as analogous to the law of tangible property in that both consist of a bundle of rights conferred upon the property owner. However, the law of intellectual property is separate and distinct from the law of tangible property. Where the right of exclusive possession is at the core of the bundle of rights protecting real and personal property, land and chattels, the same can not be said of intellectual property. The law of intellectual property is commonly understood as providing an incentive to authors and inventors to produce works for the benefit of the public by regulating the public's use of such works in order to ensure that authors and inventors are compensated for their efforts.
Congress derives its power to regulate patents and copyrights from the "intellectual property clause" of the Constitution. See U.S. Constitution, Article I, Section 8. Congress' power to regulate trademarks is constitutionally grounded in the Commerce Clause. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) is responsible for issuing and monitoring federally registered patents and trademarks. Although patents are exclusively governed by federal law, trademarks may also be regulated by State law. Copyrights are exclusively regulated by federal law and must be registered with the U.S. Copyright Office to be enforceable. Trade secrets are primarily regulated at the State level, and are traditionally subject to the laws of unfair competition.
Designs
Unless expressed explicitly via state statute, designs are not protected as intellectual property.
Translation - Korean
์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ

๊ฐœ๊ด€
ํ†ต์ƒ ์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ์€ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๋Š” ๋™ ์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋…์ ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ.์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ, ์ƒํ‘œ๊ถŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€ ๋“ฑ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.

๊ด€์Šต๋ฒ•
๊ด€์Šต๋ฒ•์€ ์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์Šคํ„ฐ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋‹ค์ด์Šค ์ตœ๊ณ  ์žฌํŒ์†Œ ํŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์‹ ๋…์„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ค์…”๋„ ๋‰ด์Šค ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ์–ด์†Œ์‹œ์—์ดํ‹ฐ๋“œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์Šค์— ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ์ง€์‹,ํ™•์ •๋œ ์ง„์‹ค, ๊ฐœ๋… ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ฑ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ˆญ๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์ œํ•œ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ •์ด๋‹ค.โ€
ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ
์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์€ ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ณต์žฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ํ›ผ์†๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.
์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์€ ๊ทธ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ (ํ–‰์‚ฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ) ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฐฐํƒ€์  ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ† ์ง€์™€ ๋™์‚ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์žฌ์‚ฐ์€ ์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ €์ž์™€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋“ค์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์กฐ์ • ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ €์ž์™€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์–ด ์ง„๋‹ค.
(๋ฏธ)์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์˜ โ€œ์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ ์กฐํ•ญโ€์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ํŠนํ—ˆ์™€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ ํ—Œ๋ฒ• 1์กฐ 8ํ•ญ ์ฐธ์กฐ ์˜ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ‘œ๊ถŒ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒํ•œ์€ ํ†ต์ƒ ์กฐํ•ญ์— ๊ทธ ์ œ๋„์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘”๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŠนํ—ˆ์ฒญ(PTO)๋Š” ๊ฐ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์— ๋“ฑ๋ก๋œ ํŠนํ—ˆ์™€ ์ƒํ‘œ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ํŠนํ—ˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐํƒ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋˜์–ด์ง€๋‚˜ ์ƒํ‘œ๊ถŒ์€ ์ฃผ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ • ๋  ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์€ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐํƒ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๊ตญ์— ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋“ฑ๋ก๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. (์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ์˜)๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€์€ ์ฃผ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์šฐ์„  ์กฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ • ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ํ–‰์œ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ์ค€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋””์ž์ธ
์ฃผ ๋ฒ•๋ น์— ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •์ด ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ์€ ์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.


English to Korean: INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION AND INVENTIONS ASSIGNMENT AGREEMENT
General field: Law/Patents
Detailed field: Law: Contract(s)
Source text - English
INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION AND INVENTIONS ASSIGNMENT AGREEMENT
In consideration of my engagement as an independent contractor by XXX Inc. (โ€œCompanyโ€), and during my engagement with the Company, if any, I agree to the term s of this Agreement as follows.
1. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION PROTECTIONS
1.1 Nondisclosure; Recognition of the Companyโ€™s Rights. At all times during and after my engagement, I will hold in confidence and will not disclose, use, lecture upon, or publish any of Companyโ€™s Confidential Information (defined below), except as may be required in connection with my work for Company, or as expressly authorized by the Chief Executive Officer (the โ€œCEOโ€)of Company. I will obtain the CEOโ€™s written approval before publishing or submitting for publication any material (written, oral, or otherwise) that relates to my work at Company and/or incorporates any Confidential Information. I hereby assign to Company and rights I may have or acquire in any and all Confidential Information and recognize that all Confidential Information shall be the sole and exclusive property of Company and its assigns.
1.2 Confidential Information .The term โ€œConfidential Informationโ€ shall mean any and all confidential knowledge, data or information related to Companyโ€™s business or its actual or demonstrably anticipated research or development, including without limitation (a) trade secrets, inventions, ideas, processes, computer source and object code, data, formulae, programs, other works of authorship, know-how, improvements, discoveries, developments, designs, and techniques; (b) information regarding products, services, plans for research and development, marketing and business plans, budgets, financial statements, contracts, prices, suppliers, and customers; (c) information regarding the skills and compensation of Companyโ€™s employees, contractors, and any other service providers of Company; and (d) the existence of any business discussions, negotiations, or agreements between Company and any third party.
1.3 Third Party Information. I understand that Company has received and in the future will receive from third parties confidential or proprietary information (โ€œThird Party Informationโ€) subject to a duty on Companyโ€™s part to maintain the confidentiality of such information and to use it only for certain limited purposes. During and after the term of my engagement, I will hold Third Party Information in strict confidence and will not disclose to anyone(other than Company personnel who need to know such information in connection with their work for Company) or use, Third Party Information, except in connection with my work for Company or unless expressly authorized by an officer of Company in writing.
Translation - Korean
๋น„์ •๊ทœ ๊ณ ์šฉ ๊ณ„์•ฝ, ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด, ๊ณ ์•ˆ ์–‘๋„ ํ•ฉ์˜์„œ
XXX์‚ฌ (์ดํ•˜ โ€˜ํšŒ์‚ฌโ€™๋ผ ์นญํ•จ)'๊ณผ ๋ณธ์ธ์€ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€์˜ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋™ ํ•ฉ์˜์„œ ๋‚ด์˜ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ฐ ์กฐํ•ญ์— ๋™์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.
์ œ1์กฐ : ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ
1, 1 ๋น„๊ณต๊ฐœ : ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์šฐ์„ ํ•จ
๋ณธ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ๋ณธ์ธ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€(์•„๋ž˜์— ์ •์˜๋จ)์„ ๋น„๋ฐ€๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์—…๋ฌด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ์œ„์ž„๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœ, ์ด์šฉ, ๊ฐ•์˜ ํ˜น์€ ์ถœํŒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด(๊ธ€, ์–ธ์–ด ํ˜น์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ) ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถœํŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด ํ—ˆ๋ฝ์„ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ์€ ์—…๋ฌด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ค‘ ์ž…์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋“ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋™ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐํƒ€์ ์ธ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ์ž„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.
1.2 ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด
๊ธฐ๋ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ž€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜์—… ํ˜น์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰์ด ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ œํ•œ ์—†์ด ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. (a) ์˜์—… ๋น„๋ฐ€, ๋ฐœ๋ช…, ์•„์ด๋””์–ด, ๊ณต์ •, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์†Œ์Šค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ชฉ์  ์ฝ”๋“œ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ๊ณต์‹, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ. ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ. ๋น„๊ฒฐ, ๊ฐœ์„ , ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  (b) ์ œํ’ˆ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณ„ํš, ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…๊ณผ ์˜์—… ๊ณ„ํš, ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ, ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ, ๊ณ„์•ฝ, ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, ๊ณต๊ธ‰, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด(c) ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ, ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ž ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  (d) ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ œ์‚ผ์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์—… ํ˜‘์˜, ํ˜‘์ƒ ํ˜น์€ ํ•ฉ์˜์˜ ์กด์žฌ
1.3 ์ œ์‚ผ์ž์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด
๋ณธ์ธ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‚ผ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€ ํ˜น์€ ๋…์  ์ •๋ณด(โ€œ์ œ์‚ผ์ž์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณดโ€)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ  ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์กฐ์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ณ  ๋™ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์˜ค์ง ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์œ ํšจ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ์ œ์‚ผ์ž์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€์„ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ (๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง์› ์™ธ์˜) ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์—…๋ฌด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž„์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ์œ„์ž„๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•œ ๋™ ์ œ์‚ผ์ž์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

Glossaries Business, Marketing, Colloquial, Culture, Finance, Journalism, Legal term, Medical, Nature, Policy, Technical Terminology
Translation education Bachelor's degree - Hankuk Univ.of Foreign Studies
Experience Years of experience: 35. Registered at ProZ.com: Aug 2018. Became a member: Aug 2018.
ProZ.com Certified PRO certificate(s) N/A
Credentials English to Korean (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)
Korean to English (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)
Memberships TED Translators Team, English to Korean, TranslatorsCafe, TranslatorsBase
Software Adobe Acrobat, CafeTran Espresso, Fluency, Google Translator Toolkit, memoQ, MemSource Cloud, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Office Pro, Microsoft Word, Powerpoint, Subtitle Edit, Trados Studio, Wordfast
Professional practices Kang Seok Lee endorses ProZ.com's Professional Guidelines.
Professional objectives
  • Meet new translation company clients
  • Meet new end/direct clients
  • Network with other language professionals
  • Get help with terminology and resources
  • Learn more about translation / improve my skills
  • Help or teach others with what I have learned over the years
  • Improve my productivity
Bio

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:https://www.linkedin.com/in/stefano-lee-63a62042/

neljcf4ygmuwdwbbyvn4.jpgSkype ID : live:stefanolee711_1

Volunteer member of

bbmutr6ss7e9roz8qsup.pngTED : Englishย to Korean Subtitlingย 

oef2yzdhuog0dkxlclwg.pngTranslator without borders Translationย ย 

ย 

Have you ever imagined a world without translators? If everybody knows only his/her native language exclusively and a government forces their people not to learn a foreign language, we might be still in the middle of the Dark Ages. However, even without this unreasonable demand with force, so many ordinary people do not learn the second language. Also, they donโ€™t feel any inconvenience for their daily life.

How is it so?

Because at this moment 24hours seven days, translators all over the world give them an invisible bridge by which they can understand the people of the opposite shore.

I like translating languages so much and am very proud of my job.


Las empresas espaรฑolas que tengan la intenciรณn o piensen expandir sus ventas en el mercado coreano no necesitan hacer ni esperar hasta que los manuales en inglรฉs estรฉn listos.
Puedo ofrecer una tarifa muy razonable para el proyecto de traducciรณn del espaรฑol al coreano.

A muchos coreanos les gustan los vinos espaรฑoles o chilenos, asรญ como los alimentos de primera calidad que utilizan productos agrรญcolas crecido disfrutando de un sol brillante y aire fresco en Espaรฑa y Chile.
La potencialidad del mercado coreano para este tipo de artรญculos de Espaรฑa y Chile es muy grande.


This user has earned KudoZ points by helping other translators with PRO-level terms. Click point total(s) to see term translations provided.

Total pts earned: 51
PRO-level pts: 43


Top languages (PRO)
English to Korean35
Korean to English8
Top general fields (PRO)
Bus/Financial12
Tech/Engineering10
Social Sciences8
Medical5
Other4
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Top specific fields (PRO)
Finance (general)12
IT (Information Technology)8
Business/Commerce (general)5
Advertising / Public Relations4
Government / Politics4
Medical (general)4
Psychology4
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This user has reported completing projects in the following job categories, language pairs, and fields.

Project History Summary
Total projects245
With client feedback0
Corroborated0
0 positive (0 entries)
positive0
neutral0
negative0

Job type
Translation204
Editing/proofreading27
Subtitling12
Transcription1
DTP/Formatting1
Language pairs
English to Korean196
Korean to English27
Spanish to Korean17
9
English2
Russian to Korean1
Korean1
Specialty fields
Law: Contract(s)11
Law (general)11
Human Resources7
Advertising / Public Relations5
Mechanics / Mech Engineering4
IT (Information Technology)4
Marketing / Market Research3
General / Conversation / Greetings / Letters3
Energy / Power Generation2
Journalism2
Other fields
Automotive / Cars & Trucks62
Computers: Software20
Computers: Systems, Networks12
Government / Politics12
Other11
Computers: Hardware7
Finance (general)6
Accounting5
Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng5
Medical: Pharmaceuticals4
Certificates, Diplomas, Licenses, CVs4
Media / Multimedia4
Electronics / Elect Eng3
Cinema, Film, TV, Drama3
Games / Video Games / Gaming / Casino3
Medical: Instruments3
Aerospace / Aviation / Space2
Surveying2
Medical (general)2
Ships, Sailing, Maritime2
Computers (general)2
Tourism & Travel2
Mining & Minerals / Gems2
Real Estate2
Food & Drink2
Medical: Health Care2
Anthropology1
Cosmetics, Beauty1
Management1
Education / Pedagogy1
Wine / Oenology / Viticulture1
Engineering (general)1
Internet, e-Commerce1
Business/Commerce (general)1
Religion1
Keywords: English to Korean, Korean to English Spanish Bilingual, Power, Energy, Marketing, Venture Projects Arts, Crafts, Outdoor Items, Travel, Movies. Magazine of current affairs.




Profile last updated
Mar 7



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