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English to Spanish: Nuclear Energy Sample Translation General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Nuclear Eng/Sci
Source text - English Fermi and his co-workers were the first to moderate neutrons, produce thermal neutrons, and use them, in 1935, to bombard nuclei.
He quickly noted how large nuclear cross sections became when thermal neutrons were the bombarding particles.
It might seem that hope could now rise in connection with the practical use of energy derived from nuclear reactions.
Neutrons could bring about nuclear reactions, even when they themselves possessed very little energy, so output might conceivably be more than input for each neutron that struck.
Furthermore because of the large cross sections involved, thermal neutrons missed far less frequently than high-energy charged particles did.
But there was a catch.
Before neutrons could be used, however low-energy and however sure to hit, they had to be produced; and in order to produce neutrons they had to be knocked out of nuclei by bombardment with high-energy protons or some other such method.
The energy formed by the neutrons was at first never more than the tiniest fraction of the energies that went into forming the neutrons in the first place.
It was as though you could indeed light a candle with a single match, but you still had to look through 300,000 useless pieces of wood before you found a match.
The candle would still be impractical.
Even with the existence of neutron bombardment, involving low energy and high cross section, Rutherford could, with justice, feel right down to the time of his death that nuclear energy would never be made available for practical use.
Translation - Spanish Fermi y sus compañeros fueron los primeros en llevar a cabo la moderación de neutrones, dando lugar a neutrones térmicos y empleándolos en 1935 para bombardear núcleos atómicos.
Observó enseguida que las secciones eficaces de los núcleos aumentaban al ser bombardeadas por neutrones térmicos.
Podría parecer que el uso práctico de la energía obtenida por reacciones nucleares tuviera grandes perspectivas de futuro.
Los neutrones podían provocar reacciones nucleares, por muy poca energía que tuvieran, de modo que se podrían producir más emisiones de energía por neutrón empleado que la energía utilizada para ello.
Además debido a sus elevadas secciones eficaces implicadas, los neutrones térmicos fallaban mucho menos que las partículas cargadas de alta energía.
Pero tenían una pega.
Antes de poder emplear los neutrones, por muy poca energía que necesitasen y por muy probable que fueran a alcanzar su objetivo, debían ser producidos; y para producir neutrones estos debían ser separados de otros núcleos atómicos siendo bombardeados por protones de alta energía o métodos similares.
La energía generada por los neutrones nunca iba a ser mayor que la ínfima fracción de las energías empleadas para conseguir neutrones.
Era como si intentases encender una vela con una cerilla, pero tuvieses primero que rebuscar entre trescientos mil palillos hasta dar con una cerilla.
La vela no sería práctica.
Aun a pesar de la existencia del bombardeo con neutrones, que empleaba poca energía y una sección eficaz elevada, Rutherford estaba convencido —y no le faltaba razón en aquel momento— hasta su lecho de muerte de que la energía nuclear no llegaría a tener usos prácticos.
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