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More Less | | PRO-level points: 4007, Questions answered: 1645, Questions asked: 21 | Sample translations submitted: 4 | English to Chinese: Medical | Source text - English
Gene Mutations in Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
From the Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.B., M.K., J.G.S., C.E.S.); Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (M.A.); Cardiology Service, Hospital Juan Canalejo, La Coruña, Spain (M.P.-L., L.M.); Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minn (B.J.M.); St Luke’s Roosevelt University Hospital, New York, NY (M.S.); Division of Cardiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Mass (C.Y.H., C.E.S.); Division of Cardiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio (A.K.); Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Rochester, Minn (T.M.O.); and Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (M.K.).
Background— Non-obstructive hypertrophy localized to the cardiac apex is an uncommon morphological variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) that often is further distinguished by distinct giant negative T waves and a benign clinical course. The genetic relationship between HCM with typical hypertrophic morphology versus isolated apical hypertrophy is incompletely understood.
Methods and Results— Genetic cause was investigated in 15 probands with apical hypertrophy by DNA sequence analyses of 9 sarcomere protein genes and 3 other genes (GLA, PRKAG2, and LAMP2) implicated in idiopathic cardiac hypertrophy. Six sarcomere gene mutations were found in 7 samples; no samples contained mutations in GLA, PRKAG2, or LAMP2. Clinical evaluations demonstrated familial apical HCM in 4 probands, and in 3 probands disease-causing mutations were identified. Two families shared a cardiac actin Glu101Lys missense mutation; all members of both families with clinical manifestations of HCM (n=16) had apical hypertrophy. An essential light chain missense mutation Met149Val caused apical or midventricular segment HCM in another proband and 5 family members, but 6 other affected relatives had typical HCM morphologies. No other sarcomere gene mutations identified in the remaining probands caused apical HCM in other family members.
Conclusions— Sarcomere protein gene mutations that cause apical hypertrophy rather than more common HCM morphologies reflect interactions among genetic etiology, background modifier genes, and/or hemodynamic factors. Only a limited number of sarcomere gene defects (eg, cardiac actin Glu101Lys) consistently produce apical HCM.
| Translation - Chinese
心尖肥厚型心肌病的基因突变
来源为马塞诸塞州波士顿市哈佛大学医学院之遗传系(M.A., S.B., M.K., J.G.S., C.E.S.); 以色列特拉受麦尔市谢巴医学中心心脏中心（M.A.）; 西班牙拉科魯尼亞市胡安卡纳雷和医院心电服务 (M.P.L., L.M.); 明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯心脏中心基金会 （BJM ）; 纽约圣路克罗斯福大学医院（ MS）; 马塞诸塞州波士顿市布里格姆妇女医院心霍华休斯医学研究中心心内科 (C.Y.H., C.E.S.); 俄亥俄州代顿市莱特州立大学心内科（AK ）; 明尼苏达州罗切斯特市梅奥诊所心血管遗传学实验室（T.M.O.); 和日本东京医科大学儿科（M.K.） 。
背景 – 局限于心尖的非梗阻性肥厚型心肌病是一种不常见的肥厚型心肌病(HCM)的形态变异，往往以明显的巨大倒置T波和良性病程来做进一步的区分。肥厚型心肌病伴有典型的增生形态与孤立的心尖肥厚之间的遗传病关系是没有完全被理解的。
方法和结果 – 用DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）序列分析9个肌节蛋白基因和其它3个与特发性心肌肥大有关的基因（GLA （γ-羧基谷氨酸）, PRKAG2（腺苷-磷酸激活的蛋白激酶γ2调节亚单位基因），和LAMP2（溶酶体相关膜蛋白2））于15位有心尖肥厚的患者以调查遗传因素。在7个样本里发现6个肌节基因突变; 没有样本在GLA, PRKAG2, 或 LAMP2发生突变。临床评价显示4个患者为家族性心尖肥厚型心肌病，并在3个患者验明致病基因突变。两个家庭共同有Glu101Lys心肌肌动蛋白错义突变; 两个临床表现有肥厚型心肌病的家庭的所有家庭成员（16例）都有心尖肥厚。一个基本轻链突变Met149Val在另外一个患者和5个家庭成员造成心尖或心室中部的肥厚型心肌病，但其他6位患病的亲戚有典型的肥厚型心肌病形态。并没有在其余的患者发现别的肌节蛋白基因突变以造成其他家庭成员的心尖肥厚型心肌病。
结论 – 并非是常见的肥厚型心肌病的形态而是肌节蛋白基因突变造成心尖肥大，此乃反映出遗传病因，背景修饰基因，和/或血流动力学因素之间的互动。只有少数的肌节基因缺陷（例如Glu101Lys心肌肌动蛋白）一贯性的造成心尖肥厚型心肌病。
| Chinese to English: insurance_test
Detailed field: Insurance | Source text - Chinese
道路工程是指各种道路建设工程，包括道路包含的桥梁、隧道、挡土墙、高架桥等构筑物建设工程。但桥梁、隧道、挡土墙、高架桥等构筑物的工程价值不超过工程合同总价的20％，否则应对这些项目单独适用损失率表。
使用基准统计起始金额作为免赔额时，其损失率为表定损失率；若使用其他较大的数额作为免赔额时，应该使用相应的损失率调节因子进行调整。纯损失率表没有提供特定数额调节因子的，应该由精算师根据表定数据进行合理估计。比如使用基准统计起始金额的2 倍作为每次事故免赔额时，损失率调节因子为0.925，5 倍时为0.85，未直接提供3 倍、4 倍或其他数额作为免赔额的调节因子，此时可以采用直线拟合法确定3 倍时为0.95、4 倍时为0.875，其余类推。
| Translation - English
Road engineering refers to all types of road construction, including the bridges, tunnels, retaining walls and viaducts along the route of the road. But the construction cost of the bridges, tunnels, retaining walls and iaducts shall not exceed20% of the total cost of construction of the agreed
contract. Otherwise, individual applicable loss chart shall be applied to hese items.
When using the benchmark statistics' initial amount as the deductible, its loss rate shall be set according to the loss rate table. When using a larger amount as the deductible, the adjustment factor in loss rate chart shall be used accordingly in computing the adjustments. When the net loss rate table does not provide specific adjustment factor, the actuary shall give a reasonable estimate based on the chart's data. For example, when using double (2x) the benchmark statistics' initial amount, the loss rate factor is 0.925, and for five times the initial amount, the factor is 0.85. The factors for triple (3x), quadruple (4x) or any other amount are not provided in the table, at this time straight line fitting methed can be use to determine that loss rate factor for 3 times the initial amount is 0.95, the factor for 4 times is 0.875, so on and so forth.
| English to Chinese: drug literature
General field: Medical
Detailed field: Medical: Pharmaceuticals | Source text - English
XXX
15 mg/ 25 mg/ 325 mg Capsule
10 mg/ 12.5 mg/ 250 mg per 5 ml Suspension
REFORMULATED
ANTITUSSIVE / NASAL DECONGESTION ANALGESIC – ANTIPYRETIC
Patient Package Insert and Prescribing Information
INDICATIONS: For the relief of cough, nasal congestion, headache and fever associated with the common cold.
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS: Do not take this product if you have heart disease, hypertension, thyroid disease, glaucoma, and difficulty in urination due to the enlargement of the prostate – unless directed by a doctor. Do not take this product for persistent or chronic cough which occurs with smoking, emphysema or if cough is associated with excessive phlegm.
Consult a doctor if:
• The cough persists for more than 1 week or if it gets worse
• The cough is accompanied by a recurring fever
• You have any new or unusual symptoms
• You have breathing problems such as asthma, emphysema and chronic bronchitis
• You are pregnant or nursing a baby
Keep this and all other drugs out of the reach of children.
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS: Each capsule contains 15 mg of Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, 25 mg of Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride, and 325 mg of Paracetamol.
Each 5ml suspension contains 10 mg of Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, 12.5 mg of Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride, and 250 mg of Paracetamol.
DIRECTIONS: To be taken every 6 hours, the dose for adults is one capsule or 10 ml (2 teaspoonfuls) of the suspension. Children from 7 to 12 years can take5 ml or one teaspoonful of suspension; and children from 2 to 6 years, 2.5 ml or ½ teaspoon.
DEXTROMETHORPHAN Hydrobromide is a methylated dextro-isomer of levorphanol but unlike its levorotatory congener, it has no significant properties and does not depress respiration or predispose to addiction. It diminishes the cough reflex through its depressant action on the cough center in the medulla at a degree equal to codeine.
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE Hydrochloride is a synthetic phenylisopropanolamine sympathomimetic agent. It presumably acts on alpha-adrenergic receptors in the respiratory tract producing vasoconstriction resulting in reduction of tissue hyperemia and edema.
PARACETAMOL produces analgesia and antipyresis by a mechanism similar to that of salicylates. It acts on the hypothalamus to produce antipyresis; heat dissipation is increased as a result of vasodilation and increased peripheral blood flow. Paracetamol lowers body temperature when fever is present but rarely lowers body temperature in normal patients.
CONTRAINDICATIONS/WARNINGS/PRECAUTIONS: Contraindicated in patients receiving monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors.
Paracetamol should be discontinued if hypersensitivity reaction occurs. It should be used with caution in patients with pre-existing anemia, since cyanosis may no be apparent despitedangerously high blood concentrations of methemoglobin. Repeated administration is contraindicated in patients with anemia and cardiac, pulmonary, renal or hepatic disease.
WARNING
• Use with caution in patients with high blood pressure, toxic goiter, benign prostatic hypertrophy, heart rate irregularity, glaucoma, and in those taking antidepressants.
• Patients with heart disease and uncontrolled/untreated high blood pressure shouldconsult a physician prior to taking PPA.
CAUTION: Foods, Drugs, Devices and Cosmetics Act prohibits dispensing without prescription.
AVAILABILITY: Capsule – Box of 100’s
Suspension – Bottles of 60 and 120 ml
For Capsule:
STORE AT TEMPERATURES NOT EXCEEDING 30ºC
For Suspension:
STORE AT TEMPERATURE NOT EXCEEDING 30ºC
SHAKE WELL BEFORE USING.
| Translation - Chinese
XXX
每胶囊含15毫克/ 25毫克/ 325毫克
每5毫升悬液剂含10毫克/ 12.5毫克/ 250毫克
新配方
镇咳/缓解鼻塞/解热镇痛药
病人药品包装说明书和处方信息
适应症：用于紓解普通感冒引起的咳嗽，鼻塞，头痛和发烧。
一般预防措施:如果你有心脏病，高血压，甲状腺疾病，青光眼及前列腺增大导致排尿困难，除非有医生指示要不然不许服用此产品。此产品不可使用于吸烟及肺气肿引起的持久性或慢性咳嗽或者如果咳嗽伴随过多的痰。
如果有下列情况就去请教医生：
• 咳嗽持续超过一周或者恶化
• 咳嗽伴随反复发热
• 你有任何新的或不寻常的症状
• 你有呼吸问题如哮喘，肺气肿和慢性支气管炎
• 你有怀孕或哺乳婴儿
将本产品和所有其他药物置于儿童接触不到的地方。
活性成分：每胶囊含有15毫克氢溴酸右美沙芬， 25毫克盐酸苯丙醇胺和325毫克对乙酰氨基酚。
每5毫升悬液剂含10 毫克氢溴酸右美沙芬, 12.5 毫克盐酸苯丙醇胺和250毫克对乙酰氨基酚。
服用说明：每隔6小时服用一次，成人剂量为一颗胶囊或10毫升（ 2茶匙）的悬液剂。7至12岁儿童为5毫升或1茶匙的悬液剂;和2至6岁儿童为2.5毫升或半茶匙。
氢溴酸右美沙芬是羟甲左吗南的甲基右旋异构体，但不同于其左旋的同源藥, 此药没有显著药物性能并不会抑制呼吸或易成瘾。此药通过对延脑的咳嗽中心的抑郁作用削弱咳嗽反射，其程度相等于可待因。
盐酸苯丙醇胺是合成异丙基苯胺拟交感神经药。功效大概在呼吸道的α肾上腺素能受体，导致血管收缩进而缓解细胞组织之充血和水肿。
对乙酰氨基酚类似水杨酸的作用机理产生镇痛和解热作用。其功效是对于下丘脑使之产生解热作用; 增加散热是由于血管扩张及增加外周血流量。如果有发烧，对乙酰氨基酚会降低体温，但对体温正常的病患很少降低其体温。
禁忌/警告/注意事项：服用单胺氧化酶(MAO)抑制剂的患者禁用本产品。
如果发生过敏反应就停止服用对乙酰氨基酚。应当慎用于已有贫血的病患，因为尽管血液高铁血红素浓度危险过高，发绀可能不会很明显。有贫血，心脏病，肺病，肾病或肝疾的病患应禁止反复服用。
警告
• 患有高血压，毒性甲状腺肿，良性前列腺增生症，心率失常，青光眼以及服用抗抑郁药的患者必须慎用。
• 患有心脏病和未控制/未治疗高血压的患者应在服用苯丙醇胺(PPA)之前先请教医生。
注意：《食品，药品，医疗设备和化妆品法案》禁止无处方配药。
包装: 胶囊 – 100粒/盒
悬液剂 – 60毫升/瓶 和120毫升/瓶
胶囊:
贮存温度不可超过摄氏30度。
悬液剂:
贮存温度不可超过摄氏30度。
使用前摇匀。
| Chinese to English: 居家旅行必备良药
General field: Medical
Detailed field: Medical: Pharmaceuticals | Source text - Chinese
居家旅行必备良药
外感痰咳鼻塞冲剂
“感冒为万病之源。” 感冒为最常见疾病， 一年四季都有发生。 其病情虽轻， 却能引起支气管炎，肺炎，脑炎， 心肌炎等并发症， 决不能掉以轻心！
“邪之所奏， 其气必虚。”感冒多因季节转换，冷热不定，复加劳倦（休息不足），饮食（生冷伤脾）， 导致体内积热， 正气亏损， 肺气虚弱， 卫气失固定， 外界风邪乘之犯肺而引起。
“正气存内，邪不可干。”本品特采用纯中药制剂，并参酬大医学家孙思邈扶正祛邪，防治感冒之理论， 以现代科学方法取其精华研制而成。 方中诸药相伍以扶正气，固卫气，增强体内抗病能力， 从而外邪得以迅速驱除。 此方妙在扶正祛邪，标本兼顾，终收理想效果， 诚为居家旅行必备良药。
主要成分：（每1 袋颗粒剂所含有效成分相当于原药材）
陈皮 5000mg, 半夏 1500mg, 紫苏叶 1500mg, 前胡 1000mg,
杏仁 1000mg, 桔梗 1000mg, 茯苓 1000， 甘草（灸） 500mg。
本品为纯中药制剂， 组方依据中国卫生部中药成方制剂药品标准。
功能： 疏风散寒，化痰止咳。 （收鼻水，通鼻塞）。
适应： 用于风寒外感， 喷嚏， 流涕， 鼻塞头痛，咳嗽多痰，胸闷。
服法： 开水冲服， 一日二次， 一次一包。（或遵医嘱）。儿童减半。
贮藏：密封。
规格：每包重15g x 8包。
| Translation - English
An excellent medicine that is essential wherever you are.
A powder mix for treatment of common cold, productive cough and nasal congestion.
“Common cold is the root of all diseases。” Common cold is the most common disease that occurs all year round. Even though its condition is not serious but it may lead to complications such as bronchitis, pneumonia，encephalitis and myocarditis. We should never take it for granted!
“Weak energy predisposes to pathogenic invasion.” Common cold is mostly due to variable weather brought about by changing seasons, extreme fatigue（insufficient rest）and poor diet（eating raw and yin foods that can damage the spleen）. It causes the body to accumulate heat, vital energy deficiency, weak lung energy, unstable defense energy and external pathogenic wind invading the lungs.
“Vital energy defends the body from pathogenic factors.” This product was made from pure traditional Chinese herbs and prepared according to the great physician Sun Simiao’s theories about ‘strengthening vital energy to dispel pathogenic factors’ and ‘common cold prevention’ with the use of modern scientific technique in extracting its essence. The various traditional Chinese herbs act synergistically in strengthening vital energy, stabilizing defense energy, strengthening the body resistance and thereby rapidly dispelling the external pathogenic factors. This prescription is effective in strengthening vital energy. It cures both symptoms and causes of the disease. It was able to achieve ideal results and became an excellent medicine that is essential to carry with you wherever you are.
Main ingredients：（Each sachet contains active ingredients equivalent to that of the raw herbs）
Tangerine peel (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) 5000 mg, Pinellia Tuber (Rhizoma Pinelliae) 1500 mg,
Purple Perilla Leaf (Folium Perillae) 1500 mg, Hogfennel Root (Radix Peucedani) 1000 mg,
Almond (Semen Armeniacae Amarum) 1000 mg, Ballonflower root (Radix Platycodi) 1000 mg,
Indian bread (Poria cocos) 1000 mg, Liquorice Root (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 500 mg。
This product was made purely from traditional Chinese herbs, preparation of this product was in accordance to the Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine Standard set by the Ministry of Health of People’s Republic of China.
Drug effects: Dispel wind and cold, dissolve phlegm and stop the cough. (Stop nasal drip |
More Less | | Karcsy, other languages | | Years of translation experience: 6. Registered at ProZ.com: Dec 2006. | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | | Adobe Acrobat, Frontpage, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word | | 11 forum posts | | Conference attended | | About me | This user has earned KudoZ points by helping other translators with PRO-level terms. Click point total(s) to see term translations provided.
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