 Member since Jun '07
Working languages: English to SpanishFrench to SpanishEnglish to CatalanFrench to CatalanSpanish to English Catalan to EnglishFrench to English |
|   Patricia de Gispert
ProZ.com Professional Trainer
Very professional and reliable
Barcelona, Cataluña Local time: 05:23 CET (GMT+1)
Native in: Spanish  , Catalan | |
Freelancer,  Verified member | | Blue Board: Milega servicios,S.L. | | Translation, Interpreting, Editing/proofreading, Training, Project management | | Specializes in: | | Social Science, Sociology, Ethics, etc. | Advertising / Public Relations | | Cinema, Film, TV, Drama | Education / Pedagogy | | History | Linguistics | | Poetry & Literature | Tourism & Travel | | Idioms / Maxims / Sayings | Journalism |
| Also works in: | | Architecture | Law: Contract(s) | | Geography | Management | | Media / Multimedia | Names (personal, company) | | Psychology | Printing & Publishing |
More Less | English to Spanish - Rates: 0.06 - 0.08 EUR per word / 25 - 35 EUR per hour
French to Spanish - Rates: 0.06 - 0.08 EUR per word / 25 - 35 EUR per hour
English to Catalan - Rates: 0.06 - 0.08 EUR per word / 25 - 35 EUR per hour
French to Catalan - Rates: 0.06 - 0.08 EUR per word / 25 - 35 EUR per hour
Spanish to English - Rates: 0.06 - 0.08 EUR per word / 25 - 35 EUR per hour
Catalan to English - Rates: 0.06 - 0.08 EUR per word / 25 - 35 EUR per hour
French to English - Rates: 0.06 - 0.08 EUR per word / 25 - 35 EUR per hour
More Less | | Questions answered: 0, Questions asked: 0 Easy / 1 PRO | Sample translations submitted: 1| Spanish to English: Towards a definition of Genocide | Source text - Spanish
Sémelin (2005) considera que el origen jurídico del término genocidio y su carácter normativo lo hacen inadecuado para las ciencias sociales. En mi opinión, la raíz del problema no está en el origen, sino en la insuficiente elaboración del término por parte de los científicos sociales. La estrategia adecuada a seguir sería la traducción total de su definición a un lenguaje sociológico y antropológico. No bastaría sólo con modificar algún elemento de la definición original o seleccionar una parte de la misma, por ejemplo, “la destrucción intencionada de por lo menos una parte de un grupo”. (Bjornlund, M. et alii 2005, 25) Es necesario examinar a fondo la lógica de la definición oficial, sus potencialidades, lo explícito y lo implícito en ella, para reconstruirla como totalidad y con otros términos, aunque siendo fieles al original, en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales. En mi opinión, Stanton (1998) ha mostrado en parte el camino a seguir en su análisis del genocidio en un documento cuyo objetivo es la prevención. Ha propuesto las siguientes categorías, correspondientes a ocho fases del genocidio: clasificación, simbolización, deshumanización, organización, polarización, preparación, exterminio y negación.
Los problemas de definición del genocidio tienen repercusión social y política. John Bowen afirma que el uso de “categorías antropológicas descriptivas tales como “conflicto étnico”, “genocidio”, “pueblos indígenas”, no sólo condicionan la investigación, sino que también envían mensajes a audiencias más amplias sobre cómo la ciencia puede explicar la realidad subyacente, las causas básicas y las raíces históricas de la violencia de grupo. Estas audiencias no sólo incluyen a “nuestros propios” gobiernos, sino también a la población implicada en los conflictos y a las instituciones internacionales que intentan resolverlos”. (Hinton, 2002ª, 394) Y también los usos sociales y políticos del término genocidio repercuten a su vez sobre el estatus científico del concepto y dificultan el establecimiento de los límites de aplicabilidad del mismo. De ello resultan dos polos extremos, una apertura muy pequeña o excesivamente grande del concepto. La afirmación de la unicidad del genocidio judío puede representar uno de los extremos y la inclusión en él del sistema de esclavitud atlántica, el Gulag o sistema de campos de concentración soviéticos, la destrucción de Dresde e Hiroshima, etc., ejemplifica el extremo opuesto.
Con la intención de clarificar los límites del concepto, considero necesario avanzar unas puntualizaciones sobre la naturaleza del genocidio. El genocidio es un fenómeno que pertenece a la esfera política y está relacionado con el ejercicio de la autoridad política. Ésta, en una manifestación suprema de poder y de monopolio de la violencia, decide y ejecuta el genocidio, es decir, un plan de exterminio de un determinado grupo o sector de población, que previamente ha conceptuado como un obstáculo insuperable o una amenaza extrema para ella. El genocidio es un fenómeno puramente político y obedece a una lógica política, aunque existan causas coadyuvantes económicas y de otro tipo. Desde este punto de vista, el esclavismo, un caso discutido, no formaría parte del campo del genocidio, a pesar de su enorme su impacto mortífero , similar o muy superior al de ciertos genocidios. No todos los grandes episodios letales han de ser identificados automáticamente como genocidas. El conocimiento de la naturaleza de la causa ha de preceder a la cuestión del significado de las cifras de víctimas. | Translation - English
Sémelin (2005) considers the term genocide to be inadequate for the Social Sciences due to its legal origins and its normative character. In my opinion, the heart of the matter does not lie in its origins, but in the insufficient elaboration of the term by Social scientists. The adequate strategy we should follow is to completely translate the term into a Sociological and Anthropological language. It is not enough to change certain elements from the original definition or to just select a part of it, for example, “the intentional destruction of at least a part of a group”. (Bjornlund, M. et alii 2005, 25) We need to deeply examine the logics of the official definition, its potentialities, what’s implicit and what’s explicit in it, in order to reconstruct it as a whole and in other words within the Social Sciences, but always remaining loyal to the original. In my opinion, Stanton (1998) has shown the path we should follow with his analysis of genocide in a document whose objective is prevention. He has proposed the following categories, corresponding to eight stages in genocide: classification, symbolization, dehumanisation, organization, polarization, preparation, extermination and negation.
The problems when defining genocide have social and political repercussions. John Bowen asserts that using “anthropological descriptive categories such as “ethnic conflict,” “genocide”, “indigenous people”—has implications not only for how we set up research questions and attempt to answer them. These categories also send messages to broader publics about what science can tell them concerning the underlying reality, basic causes, and historical roots of group violence. These publics include not only “our own” governments and citizens but also the people involved in conflicts and the international agencies trying to resolve them”. (Hinton, 2002ª, 394) Also, the social and political use of the word genocide affects the scientific status of the term and hampers the establishing of its application limits. From this, two extreme poles arise, a very small or an excessively big opening of the concept. The assertion of the uniqueness of the Jewish genocide would be one of the extremes, and the inclusion in it of the Atlantic slavery system, the Gulag or Soviet concentration camp system, the destruction of Dresden and Hiroshima, etc., would be the opposite extreme.
As a way of clarifying the concept limits, I think it is necessary to give some specifications about the nature of genocide. Genocide is a phenomenon that belongs to the political sphere and is related to the practice of a political authority. This authority, in a supreme demonstration of power and violence monopoly, decides and executes genocide, that is, an extermination plan of a certain group or population sector which has previously been considered to be an insurmountable obstacle or an extreme threat to the authority. Genocide is a plainly political phenomenon which obeys to a political logic, even if there are some economic and other types of causes which also contribute. From this point of view, slavery, a much argued case, would not be a part of the genocide framework, in spite of its huge deadly impact , similar or highly superior to certain genocides. Not all lethal episodes have to be mechanically identified as genocides. Knowing the nature of the causes has to precede the question of the meaning of the number of victims. |
More Less | | BA-Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona | | Years of translation experience: 3. Registered at ProZ.com: May 2007. Became a member: Jun 2007. | | N/A | French to Spanish (University of Barcelona)
English to Spanish (University of Barcelona)
English to Catalan (UAB)
French to Catalan (UAB)
Catalan to English (UAB)
English to Spanish (University ESERP)
Spanish to English (University of Barcelona)
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More Less | | N/A | | Adobe Acrobat, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Powerpoint, SDL TRADOS, Wordfast | | Spanish (DOC), English (DOC) | | Conferences organizedConference presentations | TRADOS I Teórico Práctico  [download]
Curso-taller TRADOS II [download] | | Patricia de Gispert endorses ProZ.com's Professional Guidelines. | | About me
I am a Spanish native speaker based in Barcelona. I studied English Philology at the University of Barcelona, and spent three semesters (a year and a half) studying at Melbourne, Australia, at LaTrobe University. There I studied Literature and Linguistics.
Afterwards, I spent a year and a half working and studying in Paris in order to study and improve my French at l'Alliance Française and at La Sorbonne.
When I came back to Barcelona I studied Translation and Interpreting from English and French into Spanish and specialised myself in conference interpreting. I finished my degree in 2005. However, I have been working as a translator since I started my degree in 2003, and I have always worked as an English teacher.
I love languages, and studying them. I enjoy the experience of getting to know new cultures and that's why I have always been travelling. When I was sixteen I spent my first year abroad, to study 11th grade at the USA, in Little Rock, Arkansas, and that's when my love for languages started.
At the moment I am studying Arabic in Barcelona, I'm only on my second year, but I hope someday I will be able to translate it!
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This user has reported completing projects in the following job categories, language pairs, and fields.
| Project History Summary |
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| Total projects | 5 | | With client feedback | 3 | | Corroborated | 3 | | | 100% positive (3 entries) |  positive | 3 |  neutral | 0 |  negative | 0 |
| Job type | | Translation | 3 | | Interpreting | 1 | | Proofreading/editing | 1 | | | Language pairs | | French to Spanish | 3 | | Spanish to English | 1 | | English to Spanish | 1 | | | Specialty fields | | Poetry & Literature | 1 | | Tourism & Travel | 1 | | | Other fields | | Art, Arts & Crafts, Painting | 1 | | Anthropology | 1 | | Economics | 1 |
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Keywords: intérprete de enlace, interpreter, chuchotage, novelas, libros, books, novels, roman, tourism, turismo, into Spanish, into Catalan, al español, al catalán, a l'espagnol, au catalan, children's books, tales, cuentos, conferencias, interprete de conferencias, conference interpreter, cinema, museums, industria del lujo, cosmética, cosmetics, astrologie, astrología, tourisme, musée, páginas web, webpages, pages web,
Profile last updated
May 10 |
