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| Working languages: English to Bulgarian Bulgarian to English | Dimar Bulgaria Local time: 08:38 EET (GMT+2)
Native in: Bulgarian | |
Professional medical and biological translations; Patents | | Freelancer | | Translation | | Specializes in: | | Patents | Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-) | | Medical: Pharmaceuticals | Medical: Cardiology | | Medical (general) | Medical: Health Care | | Genetics | Science (general) | | Livestock / Animal Husbandry | | English to Bulgarian - Rates: 0.05 - 0.10 EUR per word | | PRO-level points: 164, Questions answered: 97, Questions asked: 1 | 74 projects entered | Project Details | Project Summary | Corroboration | Translation Volume: 2823 words Languages: English to Bulgarian | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising ascorbic acid for the treatment ...
Medical: Pharmaceuticals, Medical (general) | No comment. | Translation Volume: 8606 words Languages: English to Bulgarian | Use of dihydroimidazolones for the treatment of epilepsy in dogs
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Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng, Medical: Pharmaceuticals | No comment. | Translation Volume: 4905 words Languages: English to Bulgarian | IL-22 for preventing infectious diseases
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Medical: Pharmaceuticals, Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-) | No comment. | Translation Volume: 26827 words Languages: English to Bulgarian | Antibodies to NIK, their preparation and use
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More Less | Sample translations submitted: 8 | English to Bulgarian: KCNQ polypeptides | Source text - English Malfunction in ion channels, due to mutations in genes encoding channel proteins or the presence of autoantibodies, are increasingly being implicated in causing disease conditions, termed channelopathies. For instance, dysfunction of potassium channels has been associated with the pathophysiology of a number of neurological disorders both affecting the central and peripheral nervous system (e g., episodic ataxia, epilepsy, neuromyotonia, Parkinson's disease, congenital deafness, long QT syndrome). Potassium channels, which demonstrate a high degree of diversity and ubiquity, are fundamental in the control of membrane depolarisation and cell excitability. A common feature of potassium channelopathies is a reduction or loss of membrane potential repolarisation. Marketed potassium channels openers include for example flupirtine, an analgesic drug used for treating pain.
KCNQ polypeptides belong to the potassium channel family. KCNQ polypeptides associate to form homomeric or heteromeric potassium channels, each polypeptide corresponding to a subunit of the channel. Currently, five different members of the KCNQ family are known: KCNQ1, KCNQ2, KCNQ3, KCNQ4 and KCNQ5. Heteromeric KCNQ potassium channels can be comprised either of different members of the KCNQ family, or of KCNQ polypeptides associated with other members of the potassium channel family. KCNQ potassium channels underlie the M-current, an important regulator of neuronal excitability. Both their amino-terminal and their carboxyl-terminal extremities are located on the intracellular side of the membrane. These extremities play an important role both in interactions with other proteins and in modulation of the channel's activity.
KCNQ1 is expressed in heart, cochlea, intestine and kidney. It assembles with either the product of the KCNE1 gene or with the product of the KCNE3 gene. Mutations in the KCNQ1 gene have been shown to cause one form of inherited long QT syndrome and a form of deafness. | Translation - Bulgarian Нарушените функции на йоните канали, които се дължат на мутации в гените, кодиращи протеините на канала, или на присъствието на автоантитела, все повече се свързват с причиняване на болестни състояния, определяни като каналопатии. Например, дисфункцията на калиевите канали се свързва с патофизиологията на редица неврологични разстройства, които засягат както централната, така и периферната нервна система (например епизодична атаксия, епилепсия, невромиотония, Паркинсонова болест, вродена глухота, синдром на удължен QT интервал). Калиевите канали, които показват висока степен на разнообразие и на разпространение, са съществени за контрола на мембранната деполяризация и клетъчната възбудимост. Общо свойство на калиевите каналопатии е намаляване или загуба на реполяризация на мембранния потенциал. Продаваните активатори на калиевите канали включват, например, флупиртин, аналгетик, използван за лечение на болка.
KCNQ полипептидите принадлежат към семейството на калиевия канал. KCNQ полипептидите се свързват и образуват хомомерни или хетеромерни калиеви канали, като всеки полипептид съответства на субединица от канала. Понастоящем са известни пет различни члена на KCNQ семейството: KCNQ1, KCNQ2, KCNQ3, KCNQ4 и KCNQ5. Хетеромерните KCNQ калиеви канали могат да се състоят или от различни членове на KCNQ семейството, или от KCNQ полипептиди, свързани с други членове на семейството на калиевия канал. KCNQ калиевите канали са в основата на М-потока, важен регулатор на невроналната възбудимост. Както техният аминокрай, така и техният карбоксилен край са разположени върху вътреклетъчната страна на мембраната. Тези краища играят важна роля във взаимодействията с други протеини и в модулацията на активността на канала.
KCNQ1 се експресира в сърцето, кохлеята, червата и бъбреците. Той се свързва или с продукта на KCNE1 гена или с продукта на KCNE3 гена. Показано е, че мутациите в KCNQ1 гена причиняват една форма на наследствен синдром на удължен QT интервал и форма на глухота. | | English to Bulgarian: Bipolar disorders | Source text - English Bipolar disorders are relatively common disorders, occurring in about 1.3% of the population, and have been reported to constitute about half of the mood disorders seen in psychiatric clinics with severe and potentially disabling effects. Bipolar disorders have been found to vary with gender depending of the type of disorder; for example, bipolar disorder I is found equally among men and women, while bipolar disorder 11 is reportedly more common in women. The age of onset of bipolar disorders is typically in the teenage years and diagnosis is typically made in the patient's early twenties. Bipolar disorders also occur among the elderly, generally as a result of a neurological disorder or other medical conditions. In addition to the severe effects on patients'social development, suicide completion rates among bipolar patients are reported to be about 15%.
Bipolar disorders are characterized by phases of excitement and often depression; the excitement phases, referred to as mania or hypomania, and depressive phases can alternate or occur in various admixtures, and can occur to different degrees of severity and over varying duration. Since bipolar disorders can exist in different forms and display different symptoms, the classification of bipolar disorder has been the subject of extensive studies resulting in the definition of bipolar disorder subtypes and widening of the overall concept to include patients previously thought to be suffering from different disorders. Bipolar disorders often share certain clinical signs, symptoms, treatments and neurobiological features with psychotic illnesses in general and therefore present a challenge to the psychiatrist to make an accurate diagnosis. Furthermore, because the course of bipolar disorders and various mood and psychotic disorders can differ greatly, it is critical to characterize the illness as early as possible in order to offer means to manage the illness over a long term. | Translation - Bulgarian Биполярните разстройства са относително чести разстройства, които се срещат в около 1.3% от населението, и се съобщава, че съставляват около половината от разстройствата на настроението, наблюдавани в психиатричната клиника с тежък и потенциално инвалидизиращ ефект. Установено е, че биполярните разстройства варират между половете в зависимост от типа на разстройството; например биполярното І разстройство е разпространено в еднаква степен между мъжете и жените, докато за биполярното ІІ разстройство се съобщава, че е по-често при жените. Типичното начало на биполярните разстройства е в юношеските години, а диагнозата се поставя по правило в ранните двадесет на пациента. Биполярните разстройства също така се срещат и сред по-възрастните, обикновено в резултат на неврологични разстройства или други медицински състояния. Освен тежкия ефект върху социалното развитие на пациентите, се съобщава, че честотата на самоубийствата сред биполярните пациенти е около 15%.
Биполярните разстройства се характеризират с фази на възбуда и често на депресия; фазите на възбуда, означавани като мания или хипомания, и депресивните фази могат да се редуват или да настъпят в различни комбинации, като могат да се проявят с различна тежест и продължителност. Тъй като биполярните разстройства могат да съществуват в различни форми и да показват различни симптоми, класификацията на биполярното разстройство е била обект на пространни изследвания, довели до дефинирането на субтиповете на биполярното разстройство и разширяване на цялостната концепция, за да се включат пациенти, за които преди това се е считало, че страдат от други разстройства. Въобще биполярните разстройства често имат общи клинични белези, симптоми, лечение и невробиологични особености с психотичните заболявания и поради това са предизвикателство за психиатъра при поставяне на точна диагноза. Нещо повече, тъй като развитието на биполярните разстройства, различното настроение и психотичните разстройства могат да се различават много, много съществено е да се характеризира заболяването колкото се може по-рано, за да се предложат средства за дългосрочен контрол на заболяването. | | English to Bulgarian: The Yeast Two-Hybrid Screening | Source text - English A yeast two-hybrid screening was performed to find polypeptides interacting with the PP2A/Bγ subunit. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain AH109 (MATa, trpl-901, leu2-3, 112, ura3-52, his3-200, gal4Δ, gal80Δ, LYS2 :: GAL1UAS-GAL1TATA-HIS3, GAL2 UAS-GAL2 TATA-ADE2, URA3 :: MEL1UAS -MEL1TATA-lacZ) was transformed with the pGBKT7-PPP2R2C construction. A lithium acetate transformation procedure was done according to the manufacturer's instructions (Matchmaker Two-Hybrid system, Clontech). The MATa transformed cells expressing the bait were then mixed with a pretransformed Matchmake r Human brain cDNA library in the Y187 strain (MAToc, ura3-52, his3-200, ade2-10f, trp1-901, leu2-3, 112, gal4#, met-, gal80#, URA3 :: GAL1UAS-GAL1TATA-lacZ). Three independent mating were performed with respectively 5. 106, 5. 106 and 2. 105 clones of the Human brain cDNA library. The resulting diploid cells able to grow on SD/-Leu/-Trp medium containing plates were further selected onto the medium-stringency SD/-Leu/-Trp/-His selective medium for the identification of bait-prey interactions. Positive colonies were then picked up and plated onto the high-stringency SD/-Leu/-Trp/-His/-Ade selective medium. Only DNA of colonies able to grow at the same time on SDI-Leu/-Trp and SD/-Leu/-Trp/-His/-Ade media was retained for sequencing and further studies. | Translation - Bulgarian Дрожденият двухибриден скрининг беше извършен, за да се намерят полипептидите, взаимодействащи с PP2A/Bγ субединицата. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, щам AH109 (MATa, trpl-901, leu2-3, 112, ura3-52, his3-200, gal4Δ, gal80Δ, LYS2 :: GAL1UAS-GAL1TATA-HIS3, GAL2 UAS-GAL2 TATA-ADE2, URA3 :: MEL1UAS -MEL1TATA-lacZ) беше трансформиран с pGBKT7-PPP2R2C конструкт. Беше извършена трансформационна процедура с литиев ацетат според инструкциите на производителя (Matchmaker Two-Hybrid system, Clontech). След това MATa-трансформираните клетки, експресиращи „примамката” (bait), бяха смесени с претрансформирана кДНК библиотека от човешки мозък (Matchmaker) в щам Y187 (MATα, ura3-52, his3-200, ade2-101, trp1-901, leu2-3, 112, gal4Δ, met-, gal80Δ, URA3 :: GAL1UAS -GAL1TATA-lacZ). Бяха извършени три независими конюгации със съответно 5.106, 5.106 и 2.105 клона от кДНК библиотека от човешки мозък. Получените в резултат на това диплоидни клетки, способни да растат в петрита, съдържащи среда SD/-Leu/-Trp, бяха след това селектирани върху избирателна среда SD/-Leu/-Trp/-His за умерено строги условия, за идентифициране на взаимодействия от типа „примамка-плячка” (bait-prey). След това от положителните колонии беше направена посявка върху селективната среда SD/-Leu/-Trp/-His/-Ade за много строги условия. Само ДНК от колонии, способни да растат едновременно върху среди SDI-Leu/-Trp и SD/-Leu/-Trp/-His/-Ade бяха запазени за секвениране и допълнителни изследвания. | | English to Bulgarian: Cloning and sequencing | Source text - English Poly (A) + mRNA from Human brain, thalamus (Clontech) were reversed transcribed (RT) using the murine Moloney leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR Advantage kit, Clontech) with a primer of SEQ ID NO: 12 hybridizing specifically with the novel splice variant cloned in 2E11. After a phenol-chloroform extraction and precipitation steps, the products obtained by the previous RT-PCR were directly PCR-amplified using the following gene- specific primers of SEQ ID NO: 13 and of SEQ ID NO: 14. The amplified fragment encompassed nucleotides 127-148 of the KCNQ2 full-length cDNA, genbank accession number AF033348. These primers were respectively extended with EcoRl and Bglll cloning sites. The PCR products were digested with EcoRl and Bglll restriction enzymes (New England Biolabs), purified and then ligated into the EcoRl and Bglll cloning sites of the pCMV-Myc vector (Clontech). The two pCMV-Myc-3H9 and pCMV-Myc-3H2 clones were fully sequenced. The sequence of the insert in pCMV-Myc-3H2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 1, and the sequence of the insert in pCMV-Myc-3H9 comprises SEQ ID NO: 3. | Translation - Bulgarian Поли(A)+ мРНК от таламус на човешки мозък (Clontech) беше обратно транскрибирана (RT), като се използваше обратна транскриптаза от Moloney вируса на мишата левкемия (RT-PCR Advantage kit, Clontech) с праймер на SEQ ID NO: 12, хибридизиращ специфично с новия сплайс-вариант, клониран в 2E11. След фенол-хлороформна екстракция и преципитация, продуктите, получени от предишната RT-PCR, бяха директно амплифицирани, като се използваха следните ген-специфични праймери на SEQ ID NO: 13 и на SEQ ID NO: 14. Намноженият фрагмент обхващаше нуклеотиди 127-148 от цялата дължина на KCNQ2 кДНК, GenBank/номер на постъпване: AF033348. Тези праймери бяха удължени от местата на клониране на съответно EcoRl и Bglll. PCR продуктите бяха разгредени с рестриктазите EcoRl и Bglll (New England Biolabs), пречистени и след това лигирани между местата за клониране на EcoRl и Bglll на вектора pCMV-Myc (Clontech). Двата клона pCMV-Myc-3H9 и pCMV-Myc-3H2 бяха напълно секвенирани. Последователността на инсерта в pCMV-Myc-3H2 включва SEQ ID NO: 1, а последователността на инсерта в pCMV-Myc-3H9 включва SEQ ID NO: 3. | | English to Bulgarian: Osteoinductive materials | Source text - English Mainly for applications in the bone related field, like e.g. repair of bone defects or bone regeneration, filling in of bone defects caused by disease, trauma or operation or degenerative bone defects etc., but also for cartilage, connective tissue such as tendon or ligament, dental, neurological, angiogenetic or other applications it is useful to combine morphogenetic proteins with matrix materials. Such matrix materials which are coated or soaked with morphogenetic proteins can provide a device for continuous release of morphogenetic protein and therefore constant stimulation of progenitor cells to differentiate and form new cells of the damaged kind of tissue. Additionally the matrix material may provide a favourable environment for adhesion and ingrowth of proliferating cells and thereby accelerate formation of new tissue, especially bony tissue.
Such uses of morphogenetic proteins in combination with matrix materials are extensively published and described, such as for example in WO98/21972. However there is still a need for materials which contain high amounts of morphogenetic proteins in a form which provides continuous release of protein. Homogeneous and maximal coating of matrix materials with morphogenetic proteins is a crucial factor for successful osteoinductive materials and is still an object to be solved. One main problem is the limited solubility of morphogenetic proteins. State of the art osteoinductive materials often contain only small amounts of active morphogenetic proteins because the proteins are unstable or bound nonuniformously to the matrix surfaces. Especially inner surfaces of porous matrix materials are coated insufficiently. | Translation - Bulgarian Комбинирането на морфогенни протеини с матрични материали е полезно главно при използване в областта на костната система, като например възстановяване на костни дефекти или костна регенерация, запълване на костни дефекти, причинени от заболяване, травма или операция, или дегенеративни костни дефекти и т.н., но също при употреба, свързана с хрущяли, съединителна тъкан, като например сухожилия или ставни връзки, зъбни, неврологични, ангиогенетични или други приложения. Такива матрични материали, които са покрити или пропити с морфогенни протеини, могат да предоставят средство за непрекъснато освобождаване на морфогенни протеини и следователно постоянно стимулиране на прогениторните клетки, за да се диференцират и формират нови клетки от увредения тип тъкан. В допълнение, матричният материал може да предостави благоприятна среда за адхезия и врастване на пролифериращи клетки и от там да ускори образуването на нова тъкан, специално на костна тъкан.
Такива приложения на морфогенни протеини, комбинирани с матрични материали, се публикуват и описват непрестанно, като например в патент WO98/21972. Обаче все още има нужда от материали, които съдържат голямо количество морфогенни протеини във форма, която предоставя непрекъснато освобождаване на протеин. Хомогенно и максимално покриване на матрични материали с морфогенни протеини е ключов фактор за сполучливи остеоиндуктивни материали и все още е проблем, който очаква да бъде разрешен. Основен проблем е ограничената разтворимост на морфогенните протеини. Съвременното състояние на остеоиндуктивните материали е такова, че те често съдържат само малко количество активни морфогенни протеини, защото протеините са нестабилни или свързани неравномерно с матричните повърхности. По-специално, вътрешните повърхности на порьозните матрични материали се покриват недостатъчно. | | English to Bulgarian: Isoelectric Focusing | Source text - English Isoelectric Focusing was performed under non reducing conditions by using a "CleanGel IEF"gel (Pharmacia, Cat. No. 18-1035-32). Prior to use, the dried gel was rehydrated for 8 hours in a 40 ml aqueous solution containing 19,2 g Urea, 400 ut NP-40 (10% solution), 100 ul Ampholine pH 3.5-10. 0 (Pharmacia, Cat. No. 80-1125-87) and 2,5 mi Ampholine pH 7.0-9. 0 (Pharmacia, Cat. No. 80-1125-94). The running conditions were shown in the Table.
500 ng protein were applied per lane. After running, the gel was placed 2 times for 15 min each in fixing solution (115 g/l Trichloroacetic Acid and 35 g/l 5-Sulfosalicylic Acid Dihydrate), washed in distilled water and silver stained (see Fig. 1). For determination of pI, after LEF one gel was separately cut from the anode side into 1 cm pieces, which were soaked in water for injection for extraction. When the pH's of the extracts were plotted versus the distance from the anode side, a linearity in the pH gradient was observed over the range of 2, 5-7. 5 cm from the anode side. The pi values were the determined by measuring the distance between anode (pH 7) and the main band and using linear coherency of pl and distance between anode and main bands. The distance to the anode for the MP52 dimer band was x = 5.5 cm and for the MP52-Ala83 band the distance was x = 3.2 cm. The used linear equation is y = 0.217 * x + 6.416. Therefore, the experimentally determined pl of the MP52 dimer is approximately 7.65 and the pl of MP52-Ala83 is approximately 7.1. | Translation - Bulgarian Изоелектричното фокусиране беше извършено при нередуциращи условия, като се използваше гел „CleanGel IEF” (Pharmacia, кат. № 18-1035-32). Преди употребата, изсушеният гел беше оводнен за 8 часа в 40 ml воден разтвор, съдържащ 19.2 g урея, 400 μl NP-40 (10% разтвор), 100 μl амфолин, pH 3.5-10.0 (Pharmacia, кат. № 80-1125-87) и 2.5 ml амфолин, pH 7.0-9.0 (Pharmacia, кат. № 80-1125-94). Работните условия са посочени в табли-цата.
500 ng протеин бяха натоварени на всеки старт. След провеждането на електрофорезата, гелът се поставяше 2 пъти за 15 минути във фиксиращ разтвор (115 g/l трихлорооцетна киселина и 35 g/l 5-сулфосалицилова киселина дихидрат), измиваше се с дестилирана вода и се оцветяваше със сребро (вж Фигура 1). За определяне на рІ, след изоелектричното фокусиране един гел беше отделно нарязан откъм анодния край на 1-см парчета, които бяха накиснати във вода за инжектиране, за да се екстрахират. Когато рН на екстрактите беше нанесено на графика спрямо разстоянието от анодния край, беше наблюдавана линейност на pH-градиента в диапазона от 2.5 до 7.5 см от анодния край. рІ-стойностите бяха определени чрез измерване на разстоянието между анода (pH 7) и главната ивица, като се използваше линейната връзка на рІ и разстоянието между анода и главната ивица. Разстоянието до анода за ивицата на димера на MP52 беше х = 5.5 см, а за ивицата на MP52-Ala83 разстоянието беше х = 3.2 см. Използваното линейно уравнение е y = 0.217●x + 6.416. Следователно, експериментално определеното рІ на димера на MP52 е приблизително 7.65, а рІ на MP52-Ala83 е приблизително 7.1. | | English to Bulgarian: Nucleic acid vaccines | Source text - English Recombinant vaccines are occasionally employed in human and veterinary medicine as an alternative to more traditional approaches based on killed or attenuated pathogens. Many foreign antigens delivered systemically to the body in this way are capable of activating only one arm of the immune system, by stimulating the humoral immune response to generate antibodies by the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II pathway. However, an ideal vaccine should also induce a cellular response by destruction of infected cells through activation of the MHC class I pathway. The latter response is achieved through cytosolic degradation of foreign protein in infected cells, such that fragments of the foreign material are associated with MHC class I molecules and shuttled to the cell surface for presentation to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTL).
Nucleic acid vaccines (NAVs) are a relatively new form of technology which are useful for delivery of pathogen antigens, especially viral antigens. As the viral proteins encoded by the vaccines are expressed in situ by the host's cellular apparatus, theory suggests that they should elicit a cell-mediated immune response capable of protecting animals when challenged. Results, however, have been mixed: in fish, NAVs expressing the infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) G protein (surface glycoprotein), and the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus G protein are effective against. IHNV and VHSV infections, respectively. However, it has been difficult to demonstrate convincing protection of fish using NAVs based on other viral antigens. | Translation - Bulgarian Рекомбинантни ваксини рядко се използват в хуманната и ветеринарна медицина като алтернатива на по-традиционните подходи, основаващи се на убити или атенюирани патогени. Много чужди антигени, въведени системно в тялото, са способни да активират по този начин само един клон от имунната система като стимулират хуморалния имунен отговор, за да се произведат антитела по пътя на клас ІІ на главния комплекс за тъканна съвместимост (Major Histocompatibility Complex, MHC). Идеалната ваксина обаче, трябва да индуцира също така и клетъчен отговор чрез разрушаване на инфектираните клетки и активиране на пътя на клас І на MHC. Този втори отговор се постига чрез цитозолно разграждане на чужд протеин в инфектирани клетки, така че фрагменти от чуждия материал да се свържат с молекули от клас І на МНС и да се придвижат към клетъчната повърхност за представяне на CD8+ цитотоксичните T-клетки (CTL)
Ваксините на основата на нуклеинова киселина (NAVs) са относително нова форма на технология; те са полезни за доставяне на патогенни антигени, специално на вирусни антигени. Тъй като вирусните протеини, кодирани от ваксините, се експресират in situ от клетъчния апарат на гостоприемника, теорията подсказва, че те трябва да предизвикат клетъчно-обусловен имунен отговор, способен да предпазва животните, когато е предизвикан. Резултатите обаче, са смесени: при рибите, NAV, експресиращи G протеин (повърхностен гликопротеин) на вируса на инфекциозната хематопоетична некроза (IHNV-G протеин), и G протеина на вируса на вирусната хеморагична септицемия (VHSV-G протеин) са ефективни срещу, съответно, IHNV и VHSV инфекциите. Обаче е трудно да се демонстрира убедителна протекция на рибите, като се използват NAV, основани на други вирусни антигени. | | English to Bulgarian: Vaccination of fish | Source text - English Atlantic salmon parr (body weight 9-26 g) are held in two 1 metre diameter circular tanks with freshwater at 8.degree. C., and starved for 24 hours prior to vaccination. For vaccination, fish are anaesthetized in 3-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (MS222, Sigma, Poole, UK) at a concentration of approximately 0.5 g/litre. Nucleic acid vaccines diluted in PBS (10 μg DNA/50 μl dose) are administered by intramuscular injection on the left dorsal flank, in the area just below the dorsal fin. Oil adjuvanted formalin-killed IPNV vaccine, and PBS control are administered by intraperitoneal injection (100 μl). Each treatment group has 40 fish, and there are 2 replicates per vaccine for each of 6 vaccines. | Translation - Bulgarian Млада атлантическа сьомга (с телесно тегло 9-26 g) се държи в два кръгли резервоара с диаметър 1 м, напълнени с прясна вода на 8ºC, и се оставя да гладува за 24 часа преди ваксинирането. За ваксинирането, рибата се анестезира с етилов естер на 3-аминобензоената киселина (MS222, Sigma, Poole, UK) в концентрация от приблизително 0.5 g/l. Ваксини на основата на нуклеинова киселина, разредени в PBS (10 μg DNA/50 μl доза), се прилагат чрез мускулна инжекция в лявата гръбна мускулатура, в областта непосредствено под гръбната перка. Ваксина срещу IPNV, убита с формалин и с добавен маслен адювант, и PBS контрола се прилагат чрез интраперитонеална инжекция (100 μl). Във всяка експериментална група има 40 риби, както и по 2 повторения на ваксина за всяка от 6-те ваксини. | More Less | | PhD - Medical University and Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia | | Years of translation experience: 21. Registered at ProZ.com: Aug 2008. | | N/A | | N/A | | N/A | | Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Powerpoint, Wordfast | | CV available upon request | | Dimar endorses ProZ.com's Professional Guidelines. | | About me I graduated the Medical Faculty in Sofia with a M.D. degree. Immediately after that I started working as a general practitioner, a community physician in the north-eastern part of the country. Later I was appointed a hospital physician to the therapeutics department of a large district hospital.
My further career continued in a research institute where I worked in the field of cell and molecular biology. There I defended my Ph.D. thesis and attained later the academic rank of a research associate professor (senior research fellow).
My experience in translating began when I found that professional translators did not know, at least well, the specific terminology and language of a given scientific field. I recognized also that a good Bulgarian to English translation of a scientific text needs a deep knowledge of the specific research done and is associated with a lot of editorial efforts. This is why I make such translations only for close friends. Of course, free of charge.
For these reasons I prefer to make only English to Bulgarian translations in the various areas of medicine and biology which I know professionally well. I have also rather extensive experience in translating patents in the same field.
I have much more than 1,000,000 words translated to date.
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Total pts earned: 164 (All PRO level)
| | Top languages (PRO) | | English to Bulgarian | 132 | | Bulgarian to English | 32 | | Top general fields (PRO) | | Medical | 148 | | Other | 12 | | Social Sciences | 4 | | Top specific fields (PRO) | | Medical (general) | 112 | | Medical: Pharmaceuticals | 16 | | Medical: Health Care | 12 | | Medical: Cardiology | 12 | | Medical: Instruments | 8 | | Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-) | 4 | See all points earned > |
This user has reported completing projects in the following job categories, language pairs, and fields.
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| Total projects | 74 | | With client feedback | 0 | | Corroborated | 0 | | | 0 positive (0 entries) | positive | 0 | neutral | 0 | negative | 0 |
| Job type | | Translation | 74 | | | Language pairs | | English to Bulgarian | 74 | | 8 | | | Specialty fields | | Medical: Pharmaceuticals | 57 | | Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-) | 38 | | Medical (general) | 8 | | Livestock / Animal Husbandry | 7 | | Medical: Cardiology | 3 | | Genetics | 2 | | Medical: Health Care | 2 | | | Other fields | | Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng | 8 | | Botany | 2 | | Agriculture | 1 | | Other | 1 |
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| Keywords: Biology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Biotechnology, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Medicine (General), Medicine (Cardiology), Medicine (Health Care), Medicine (Instruments), Medicine (Pharmaceuticals), Medicine (Veterinary), Patents in the field of Medicine and Biology.
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Profile last updated Jul 22, 2011 |