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|    Soledad Caño
Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States Local time: 23:05 EST (GMT-5)
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More Less | | | | PRO-level points: 867, Questions answered: 478, Questions asked: 7 | Sample translations submitted: 6 | English to Spanish: Quality Management Systems - Sistemas de Gestión de Calidad | Source text - English
One of the four Quality Absolutes propounded by American Quality guru Phil Crosby is still found in this paragraph of the ISO 9001 Standards. The text states that the standard specifies requirements for a management system where "An organization a) needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide product that meets customer and applicable regulatory requirements, and b) aims to address customer satisfaction through the effective application of the system, including processes for continual improvement of the system and the assurance of conformity to customer and applicable regulatory requirements."
The achievement of continual improvement is a function of the effective utilization of preventive and corrective action.
This statement about assurance of conformity de facto creates a requirement, and that requirement is that if the management of quality is to be based upon the assurance of conformity then the nature of conformity must be defined. This forces recognition of the fact that quality has to be seen as a precisely definable attribute. The Crosby absolute that 'Quality is Conformance to Specification' perfectly reflects this need. The effective implementation of an ISO 9001 system is based upon the ability to define requirements and measure the achievement of those requirements.
| Translation - Spanish
Una de las cuatro Máximas de la Calidad, propuestas por el gurú americano de la Calidad Phil Crosby, todavía se encuentra en este párrafo de las Normas ISO 9001. El texto establece que la norma detalla los requisitos para un sistema de gestión donde "una organización (a) necesita demostrar su capacidad para proporcionar en forma consistente productos que satisfagan los requisitos del cliente y los requisitos regulatorios pertinentes, y (b) se propone abordar la satisfacción del cliente mediante la aplicación efectiva del sistema, incluyendo procesos para la mejora continua del sistema y la garantía de conformidad con los requisitos del cliente y los requisitos regulatorios pertinentes”.
El éxito de la mejora continua es una función del uso efectivo de la acción preventiva y correctiva.
Esta afirmación sobre la garantía de conformidad crea un requisito de facto, y ese requisito es que, si la gestión de calidad pretende fundamentarse en la garantía de conformidad, entonces resulta necesario definir la naturaleza de la conformidad. Esto exige reconocer el hecho de que la calidad debe considerarse un atributo definible en forma precisa. La máxima de Crosby “Calidad es Conformidad con una Especificación” refleja perfectamente esta necesidad. La implementación efectiva de un sistema ISO 9001 se basa en la capacidad de definir requisitos y medir la obtención de estos requisitos.
| | English to Spanish: Logic and Argumentation - Lógica y Argumentación | Source text - English
Arguments in the Broad Sense
As logicians use the term, an argument is a presentation of reasons or evidence in support of some claim. It is an attempt to build a case in favour of a conclusion. Normally this means that arguments are social exchanges involving a series of speech acts uttered by two or more parties. Familiar examples include quarrels, legislative debates, diplomatic wrangles, labour negotiations, mathematical proofs, legal briefs, scientific demonstrations, and so on. Because they involve a variety of social and psychological, as well as logical, factors, we say that these are arguments in the broad (or social) sense.
Arguments in the Narrow Sense
At the core of every argument in the broad sense is a set of propositions composed of the argument’s premisses and conclusion. We call this an argument in the narrow sense. Arguments in the narrow sense are abstractions from arguments in the broad sense.
To make clear the structure of an argument in the narrow sense, and to distinguish between its premisses and conclusion, we often place the argument in standard form. To do this, we identify its premisses and conclusion and separate the conclusion from the rest of the argument by means of a horizontal line.
From "Argument: Critical thinking, Logic and the Fallacies" (J. Woods, A. Irvine, D. Walton) | Translation - Spanish
Argumentos en sentido amplio
Según el uso que los lógicos dan al término, un argumento es una presentación de razones o de evidencia que fundamenta una afirmación. Es un intento de defender una conclusión. Normalmente esto significa que los argumentos son intercambios sociales que consisten en una serie de actos de habla emitidos por dos o más partes. Los ejemplos comunes abarcan discusiones, debates legislativos, disputas diplomáticas, negociaciones laborales, pruebas matemáticas, alegatos jurídicos, demostraciones científicas y demás. Decimos que éstos son argumentos en sentido amplio (o social) porque comprenden una variedad de factores sociales y psicológicos, además de lógicos.
Argumentos en sentido restringido
El núcleo de todo argumento en sentido amplio es un conjunto de proposiciones compuesto por las premisas y la conclusión del argumento. Llamamos a esto un argumento en sentido restringido. Los argumentos en sentido restringido son abstracciones de argumentos en sentido amplio.
Para comprender la estructura de un argumento en sentido restringido, y para distinguir sus premisas de la conclusión, a menudo convertimos el argumento a su forma estándar. Para hacer esto, identificamos sus premisas y su conclusión y separamos la conclusión del resto del argumento mediante una línea horizontal.
| | English to Spanish: Critical Thinking - Pensamiento Crítico | Source text - English
Reasoning Critically
Reasoning critically about various issues requires that we learn to evaluate arguments. The quality of an argument depends primarily upon (1) the likelihood of the truth of the argument’s premisses, together with (2) the strength of the consequence relation that holds between the argument’s premisses and conclusion. It follows that there are two main ways to criticize an argument: (1) we can show the premisses to be unacceptable, or (2) we can show the consequence relation to be weak. Other factors may also be important, but these two are absolutely central.
It is a primary goal of logic to determine the quality of arguments. Logic in the narrow sense does this by studying the nature of the consequence relation that holds between the premisses and conclusions of arguments in the narrow sense. In contrast, logic in the broad sense studies arguments in the broad sense. It studies those features, in addition to the consequence relation, that are relevant to an argument´s success or failure, including an argument’s purpose and social context.
From "Argument: Critical thinking, Logic and the Fallacies" (J. Woods, A. Irvine, D. Walton)
| Translation - Spanish
Razonar en forma crítica
Razonar en forma crítica sobre diversos temas requiere que aprendamos a evaluar argumentos. La calidad de un argumento depende fundamentalmente de (1) la probabilidad de la verdad de las premisas del argumento, así como (2) la fuerza de la relación de consecuencia que existe entre las premisas del argumento y su conclusión. Esto implica que hay dos modos principales de criticar un argumento (1) podemos mostrar que las premisas son inaceptables, o (2) podemos mostrar que la relación de consecuencia es débil. Hay otros factores que podrían ser importantes, pero estos dos son absolutamente esenciales.
Un objetivo primordial de la lógica es determinar la calidad de los argumentos. La lógica en sentido restringido hace esto al estudiar la naturaleza de la relación de consecuencia que existe entre las premisas y la conclusión de un argumento en sentido restringido. Por el contrario, la lógica en sentido amplio estudia argumentos en sentido amplio. Además de la relación de consecuencia, estudia aquellas características que son relevantes para el éxito o fracaso de un argumento, incluyendo el propósito y contexto social del mismo.
| | English to Spanish: Logic - Lógica | Source text - English
There is broad agreement among logicians about the technical definition of the notion of logical consequence, especially as it applies to extensional first-order languages. The definition most logicians accept is the familiar one framed in terms of assignments of truth values to sentence letters, denotations to individual constants, and extensions to predicates, these assignments being relative to some nonempty set of objects. There is less agreement, however, on the pre-theoretic notion this technical definition is supposed to represent, and very little discussion of whether it actually does represent it adequately. This paper will be concerned with the latter two points, primarily as they arise in the context of extensional first-order languages.
From "The concept of Logical Consequence" (W. Hanson)
| Translation - Spanish
Los lógicos están ampliamente de acuerdo con la definición técnica de la noción de consecuencia lógica, especialmente tal como se aplica a los lenguajes extensionales de primer orden. La definición que la mayoría de los lógicos acepta es la conocida definición enmarcada en términos de asignaciones de valores de verdad a letras de enunciados, denotaciones a constantes individuales y extensiones a predicados, siendo estas asignaciones relativas a algún conjunto no vacío de objetos. Sin embargo, hay menos consenso sobre la noción pre-teórica que esta definición técnica pretende representar, y poco se discute si la representa en forma adecuada. Este trabajo abordará los últimos dos puntos fundamentalmente como se plantean en el contexto de los lenguajes extensionales de primer orden. | | English to Spanish: Logic - Lógica | Source text - English
Methodology and Metascience
There are two disciplines which make axiomatic systems the object of their research. One of them is the branch of mathematical logic named metamathematics, or metalogic, or more generally, metascience. The other is the traditional methodology of sciences, which is treated in separate chapters in the textbooks of logic and deals with problems bordering upon the philosophical theory of knowledge. The achievements of metascience are so numerous, its notions so precise, and its proofs so exact, that they have dissuaded many from examining deductive systems from any other point of view except that of metascience; they have produced the impression as if metascience could be identified with the theory of deductive systems, and as if no other problems concerning those systems could be stated but those treated by metascience.
From "Axiomatic Systems from the methodological point of view" (K. Ajdukiewicz) | Translation - Spanish
Metodología y Metaciencia
Hay dos disciplinas cuyo objeto de investigación son los sistemas axiomáticos. Una de ellas es una rama de la lógica matemática llamada metamatemáticas, o metalógica, o más generalmente, metaciencia. La otra es la metodología tradicional de las ciencias que es tratada en capítulos aparte en los libros de texto de lógica y aborda problemas lindantes con la teoría filosófica del conocimiento. Los logros de la metaciencia son tan numerosos, sus nociones tan precisas y sus pruebas tan exactas, que han disuadido a muchos de analizar los sistemas deductivos desde cualquier otro punto de vista que no sea el de la metaciencia; dando la impresión que la metaciencia puede identificarse con la teoría de sistemas deductivos, y que no pudiera plantearse ningún otro problema acerca de estos sistemas que no sean aquellos tratados por la metaciencia.
| | English to Spanish: History - Historia | Source text - English
The Spring Migration 1935-1985
1935. Tiny Fort Lauderdale, like much of the rest of South Florida, had already suffered the double blow of the Grat Hurricane of 1926 and the collapse of the land boom the same year. The Great Depression of the 1930s unceremoniously ground salt into the wound. And although the city had just completed the first Olympic-size pool in the state at the tail end of the heady 1920s, the grand Spanish Revival-style Casino Pool, as it was known, was underutilized.
In that year, the manager of the Casino Pool met with August Burghard, the director of the Chamber of Commerce and brainstormed. According to Fort Lauderdale magazine, their goal was two-fold: publicity for the city and a much-needed boost to the econo,my. The College Swim Forum – a Christmas break invitational training program for college athletes from schools such as Colgate, University of Michigan, Columbia and Ohio State – was formed.
What happened between the late ´30s and the post-World War II period was, at first, the tiny city’s dream come true. Students loved the concept of coming to Fort Lauderdale for Christmas vacation, or better yet, the longer spring break. Soon the majority of the national college population knew Fort Lauderdale. If they didn`t, the winter of 1960 and 61 would change all that: Where the Boys are, with George Hamiliton and Connie Francis, hit movie screens across the country.
In March 1961, the true invasion began. The city had 10,000 college kids visit in 1960; 40,000 came the next year. According to Fort Lauderdale Magazine, The Elbo Room set a Guinness Book record in beer sales.
From "Home Fort Lauderdale Magazine" (J. T. O'Connor)
| Translation - Spanish
La Migración de Primavera 1935-1985
1935. La pequeña Fort Lauderdale, como gran parte del resto del sur de Florida, ya había sufrido el doble golpe del Gran Huracán de 1926 y el colapso del auge de la tierra en el mismo año. La Gran Depresión de los años 30 echó sin ceremonias sal en la herida. Aunque la ciudad contaba con la primera piscina olímpica del estado recién terminada de construir a finales de los embriagadores años 20, al estilo del gran resurgimiento español, la Piscina del Casino, como era conocida, no era aprovechada como merecía.
En ese año, el gerente de la Piscina del Casino se reunió con August Burghard, el director de la Cámara de Comercio e intercambiaron ideas. Según la revista Fort Lauderdale, tenían un doble objetivo: publicidad para la ciudad y el tan necesario estímulo para la economía. Así se formó el Foro de Natación Universitario – un programa de entrenamiento por invitación para atletas universitarios de escuelas como Colgate, la Universidad de Michigan, Columbia y del Estado de Ohio que tendría lugar durante el receso de Navidad.
Lo que ocurrió entre el último tramo de la década del 30 y el período posterior a la II Guerra Mundial, fue, al comienzo, el sueño hecho realidad de la pequeña ciudad. Los estudiantes adoraron la idea de visitar Fort Lauderdale para las vacaciones de Navidad, o mejor aún, para el receso más largo de primavera. Pronto, la mayoría de la población universitaria de la nación conocía Fort Lauderdale. Si no era así, el invierno de 1960 y 1961 cambiaría todo eso: “Donde hay chicos, hay chicas” con George Hamilton y Connie Francis, llegó a las pantallas del cine de todo el país.
En marzo de 1961, comenzó la verdadera invasión. La ciudad recibió la visita de 10.000 chicos universitarios en 1960; 40.000 llegaron al año siguiente. Según la revista Fort Lauderdale, el Elbo Room marcó un récord en el Libro Guinness por la venta de cervezas.
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More Less | | Education/Pedagogy, Lógica - Argumentación, Matemáticas, Soledad Caño | | Years of translation experience: 9. Registered at ProZ.com: Dec 2004. Became a member: Dec 2005. | English (Cambridge University (ESOL Examinations), verified)
Spanish (Filosofía - Univ. de la República, Uruguay, verified)
English to Spanish (St. Catherine´s School - Uruguay, verified)
| | ATA | | Across, Frontpage, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Adobe Acrobat 9.0, Adobe PageMaker, Microsoft Office Suite, Microsoft Publisher, Pagemaker, Passolo, Powerpoint, SDL TRADOS, SDLX | | Soledad Caño endorses ProZ.com's Professional Guidelines (v1.0). | | About me I was a private ESL teacher while I studied Philosophy at the Universidad de la República, Uruguay. In 1994, I obtained a position as Teaching Assistant for the Logic and Philosophy of Logic Department. I continued teaching English while I pursued my academic career in Philosophy. I specialized in Logic and Argumentation Theory becoming an Associate Professor. During that time, I frequently translated papers for colleagues and was hired by several institutions and companies for the translation of business, technical and academic texts.
In 2005 my husband was relocated to Buenos Aires, Argentina where I worked as Secretary of the Teaching and Research Department of the German Hospital of Buenos Aires. Working in a Hospital’s IRB was a drastic change given my academic background in Philosophy. However, it introduced me into the world of pharmaceutical research and clinical trials. In 2006 I was certified as a Clinical Trial Coordinator and Monitor by SAMEFA.
In 2008 we moved to Fort Lauderdale, Florida where I became a full-time freelance translator and proofreader.
I have translated many academic papers and books (Philosophy, History and Social Sciences); several were published and their authors thanked my work in the prologues. I have also translated technical manuals, business and marketing documents, QMS documents, training manuals and several articles from colleagues (mostly into English) for their submission to academic journals.
Published translated books.:
Inglaterra y la Tierra Purpúrea ISBN: 9974-0-0088-2
Ensayos sobre Davidson ISBN: 9974-2-0262
El cónsul británico en Montevideo y la independencia del Uruguay: Selección de los informes de Thomas Samuel Hood, 1824-1829 ISBN-13: 978-9974001312
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Keywords: freelance, english to spanish, translator, proofreader, PHILOSOPHY, History of Philosophy, History of Science, Epistemology, History of Mathematics, Foundations of Mathematics, Set Theory, Number Theory, Statistics, Linguistics, LOGIC, History of Logic, Classical Logic, Non-Classical Logics, Non-monotonic Logic, Informal Logic, Argumentation Theory, Critical Thinking, Analytical Philosophy, Donald Davidson, Semantics, HISTORY, SOCIAL SCIENCES, Sociology, EDUCATION, PEDAGOGY, MARKETING, BUSINESS, Quality Management, QMS, Quality Assurance, Environmental Quality Systems, EMS, ISO Standards, Auditing, PHARMACEUTICAL, MEDICAL, Clinical trial monitor, clinical trials, protocols, medical consent forms, patient information sheet, information for patients, estudios clínicos, ensayos clínicos, protocolos, consentimiento informado, información para el paciente, K-12, maths
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