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Spanish to English - Rates: 0.07 - 0.12 EUR per word / 35 - 40 EUR per hour Catalan to English - Rates: 0.07 - 0.12 EUR per word / 35 - 40 EUR per hour
Catalan to English: LINKER HISTONES NO EMPAQUETEN A L’ATZAR, INVESTIGADORS DEL CRG DEMOSTREN QUE TENEN LA SEVA FUNCIÓ ESPECÍFICA EN L’EMPAQUETAMENT DE L’ADN EN CROMATINA General field: Science Detailed field: Genetics
Source text - Catalan LINKER HISTONES NO EMPAQUETEN A L’ATZAR, INVESTIGADORS DEL CRG DEMOSTREN QUE TENEN LA SEVA FUNCIÓ ESPECÍFICA EN L’EMPAQUETAMENT DE L’ADN EN CROMATINA
Investigadors del Centre de Regulació Genòmica (CRG) han descobert que les histones externes (linker histones) tenen un paper definit en la compactació de l’ADN en cromatina per a la formació dels cromosomes.
El treball, coordinat per Miguel Beato i fruit de la col·laboració entre investigadors d’Alemanya, Nova Zelanda i Espanya, es publicarà el dia 1 d’octubre a la prestigiosa revista científica PLoS ONE.
L’ADN es troba compactat en cromatina per a formar els cromosomes i les histones són les molècules encarregades de dur a terme aquesta compactació. Es coneixen diversos tipus d’histones i es classifiquen en Histones nuclears (core histones) o Histones externes (linker histones).
Fins ara, tots els subtipus d’histones externes (linker) s’havien considerat un element primordial per a la compactació de l’ADN en cromatina però no s’havia observat que podien tenir funcions específiques.
El treball liderat per Miguel Beato continua les troballes publicades anteriorment també per investigadors del CRG (M. Sancho et al. PLoS Genetics 4, e100227) que van observar, en cèl·lules de càncer de mama, que els subtipus d’histones linker exercien diferents funcions. Així, el treball que es publicarà dijous a PLoS ONE demostra el paper específic dels subtipus d’histones externes que poden tenir diferent afinitat per la cromatina i major o menor capacitat de compactació.
The work lead by Miguel Beato is a continuation of previously published work, also by researchers from the CRG (M. Sancho et al. PLoS Genetics 4, e100227) which observed that, in breast cancer cells, the subtypes of linker histones have different functions. The work which will be published on Thursday in PLoS ONE reveals the specific roles of the subtypes of linker histones which can have different affinities to chromatin
A més, en contra de la idea acceptada fins ara, l’estudi mostra com aquestes histones no impedeixen als remodeladors de cromatina dependents d’ATP la seva funció en la reorganització de la cromatina.
Aquest descobriment dóna noves pistes sobre els mecanismes de condensació de l’ADN en cromatina i demostra com els subtipus d’histones externes podrien classificar-se en: condensadors lleus, intermedis o forts. Alhora, obre la porta a nous estudis per a la comprensió dels mecanismes de conservació i organització del genoma al nucli. El genoma és el codi que determina les característiques biològiques dels éssers vius. La seqüència lineal de l’ADN dels nostres cromosomes fa més de 2 metres. Per allotjar tota aquesta informació en l’espai diminut del nucli cel·lular, cal empaquetar-la de forma molt eficient.
Per a l’estudi, els investigadors han utilitzat nucleosomes assemblats amb histones recombinants i minicromosomes que han analitzat amb mètodes bioquímics i amb un microscopi de força atòmica (AFM).
Glossari:
CROMATINA: Material genètic del nucli format per llarguíssimes molècules de DNA associades a d'altres substàncies, principalment histones, i que també conté proteïnes, RNA, enzims, ions, etc.
NUCLEOSOMA: Estructura esfèrica de la fibra de cromatina de les cèl·lules eucariotes, que conté vuit molècules d'histona i aproximadament dos-cents parells de bases de DNA.
Translation - English LINKER HISTONES DO NOT PACKAGE RANDOMLY, RESEARCHERS FROM THE CRG DEMONSTRATE THAT THEY HAVE A SPECIFIC FUNCTION IN THE PACKAGING OF DNA IN CHROMATIN
Researchers from the Center for Genomic Regulation have discovered that linker histones have a definite role in the compaction of DNA in chromatin for the formation of chromosomes.
The work, coordinated by Miguel Beato and a result of the collaboration between researchers from Germany, New Zealand and Spain, will be published on the 1st of October in the prestigious scientific journal PLoS ONE.
DNA is found compacted in chromatin for the formation of chromosomes and histones are the molecules responsible for this compaction. Various types of histones are recognized and they are classified as core histones or linker histones.
To date, all the subtypes of linker histones had been considered to be primordial elements for the compaction of DNA in chromatin but they had not been observed to have specific functions.
The work lead by Miguel Beato is a continuation of previously published findings, also by researchers from the CRG (M. Sancho et al. PLoS Genetics 4, e100227), which observed that, in breast cancer cells, the subtypes of linker histones have different functions. The work, which will be published on Thursday in PLoS ONE, reveals the specific roles of the subtypes of linker histones that can have different affinities with chromatin and a greater or lesser compaction capacity.
Moreover, contrary to the currently accepted idea, the study shows that these histones do not impede the function of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers in chromatin reorganization.
This discovery provides new clues about the condensation mechanisms of DNA in chromatin and demonstrates how the subtypes of linker histones can be classified as: weak, intermediate or strong condensers. At the same time the door is opened to new studies into the understanding of mechanisms for the conservation and organization of the genome in the nucleus. The genome is the code which determines the biological characteristics of living things. The linear sequence of the DNA in our chromosomes is more than 2 meters long. In order to put all of this information into the tiny nucleus of a cell, it is necessary to package it extremely efficiently.
For this study, the researchers used nucleosomes assembled with recombinant histones and minichromosomes which were analyzed using both biochemical methods and an atomic force microscope.
Glossary:
CROMATIN: Genetic material of the nucleus formed by very long molecules of DNA associated with other substances, principally histones, and which also contain proteins, RNA, enzymes, ions, etc.
NUCLEOSOME: Spherical structure of the chromatin fiber of eukaryotic cells, which contains eight histone molecules and approximately two hundred DNA base pairs.
Chris Ellison
PhD qualified Geologist
PhD, BSc., CELTA
Corporate clients know that an excellent translation enhances the quality of the science
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With over 20 years' experience in working in the fields of geology and environmental science (Cambridge University, UCL)
Published in various scientific journals
Previously assistant editor of the Mineralogical Magazine (MinMag)
Contributor to various scientific publications
Volunteer/Environmental science and biodiversity trainer for the Jane Goodall Institute in Spain
Specialist in Natural Sciences including:Geology
Environmental Sciences
Botany
Biology (specialist in biomedicine, genetics, genomics, microbiology)
Zoology
Botany
Veterinary Science Fisheries
Other fields of interest and experience:Geotechnical Engineering
Geoarchaeology
Engineering
Building
Chemistry
Physics
Agriculture
Multinational clients (public and private institutions and companies) - references available
Recent projects include:
Translation and revision of scientific articles for many academic clients including:
Institut de Ciències de Mar (geology)
Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (geology)
Instituto Español de Oceanografía (marine biology, fisheries, geology and environmental studies)
Institut Català de Paleontologia (palaeontology)
Universidad de Granada (biomedicine, geophysics, archaeology)
Universidad de Zaragoza (veterinary science, agriculture) Universidad de Alicante (marine biology and fisheries) Universidad de Cartagena (archaeology and geophysics)
Estación Biológica de Doñana (environmental issues) WWF (environmental issues) Oceana (environmental advocacy-marine conservation)
Arbolapp (tree identification app by the Spanish National Research Council - CSIC)
http://www.csic.es/web/guest/arbolapp
Soil Atlas of Latin America and the Caribbean (book by the EC's Joint Research Council)
http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/library/Maps/LatinAmerica_Atlas/Index.html
Barcelona's Popular Culture website
http://culturapopular.bcn.cat/en
Barcelona Inspira website
http://inspira.barcelona.cat/en
Fora de Classe - Guia de criteris de qualitat per a les activitats d'educació ambiental (book by SCEA)
http://www.scea.cat/documents/fora%20de%20classe/Guia_angles_baixa.pdf
Confidential Oil & Gas, mining and clean energy baseline reports for multinationals working in e.g., Colombia, Iraq, Kenya and Tunisia.
Annual reports for the Institut Català de Paleontologia [available here] "LA CUEVA DE ALTAMIRA. 22.000 AÑOS DE HISTORIA" [article for publication]
"DESARROLLO DE UN SISTEMA DE INYECCIÓN DIRECTA DE GASOLINA PARA UN MOTOR ALTERNATIVO DE 2T." [article for publication]
Many communication articles and press releases including: "LINKER HISTONES NO EMPAQUETEN A L’ATZAR, INVESTIGADORS DEL CRG DEMOSTREN QUE TENEN LA SEVA FUNCIÓ ESPECÍFICA EN L’EMPAQUETAMENT DE L’ADN EN CROMATINA"
"DESCUBIERTA UNA PROTEÍNA IMPLICADA EN LA SORDERA"
Full CV available on request
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