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|    ceren gunger
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More Less | | PRO-level points: 20, Questions answered: 11, Questions asked: 4 | Sample translations submitted: 2 English to Turkish: CIMICIFUGAE RHIZOMA
General field: Medical
Detailed field: Medical: Pharmaceuticals | Source text - English
DEFINITION
Black cohosh consists of the dried rhizomes and roots of Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt.
A draft monograph on black cohosh, intended for inclusion in the European Pharmacopoeia, has been published [1].
CONSTITUENTS
The characteristic constituents are triterpene glycosides, a complex mixture from which over 30 compounds have been isolated in recent investigations [2-10]. The major triterpene glycosides appear to be cimicifugoside1 [7,8,11-14], actein [3,4,7-15], a compound formerly known as 27-deoxyactein [6-8,16] but recently re-designated as 23-ep/-26-deoxyactein [3], and cimiracemosides A [8,9], C and F [8]. All these glycosides are 3-O-xylosides or 3-O-arabinosides of aglycones of the cycloartane type [2,3,6-10].
Other constituents include fukiic and piscidic acid esters, especially fukinolic (2-E-caffeoylfukiic) acid [17,18]; aromatic acids such as caffeic, ferulic and isoferulic acids [12-14,17-19]; and various phenyl-propanoid esters such as methyl caffeate [19], peta-siphenol and cimiciphenol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-oxopropyl caffeate and isoferulate respectively) [18] and cimiracemates A-D (phenylpropanoid ester dimers) [19].
| Translation - Turkish
TANIM
Karayılan otu, kurutulmuş kök saplar ve Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt köklerinden oluşur.
Avrupa Farmakopesine dahil edilmek üzere, karayılan otu üzerine taslak bir monograf yayınlanmıştır [1].
BİLEŞENLER
Karakteristik bileşenleri, son araştırmalardan 30’dan fazla bileşenin izole edildiği karmaşık bir karışım olan triterpen glikozitlerdir [2-10]. En önemli triterpen glikozitler, simisifugosit1 [7,8,11-14], aktein [3,4,7-15], eskiden 27-deoksiaktein adıyla bilinen [6-8,16], yakın zamandaysa 23-ep/-26-deoksiaktein olarak adlandırılan bir bileşik [3] ve simirasemosit A [8,9], C ve F’dir [8]. Bütün bu glikozitler, sikloartan tipi aglikonların 3-O-ksilositleri veya 3-O-arabinositleridir [2,3,6-10].
Diğer bileşenler arasında, fukiik ve pisidik asit esterleri, özellikle de fukilonik (2-E-kafeoilfukiik) asit [17,18], kafeik, ferulik ve izoferulik asitler gibi aromatik asitler [12-14,17-19], metil kafeat [19], peta-sifenol ve simisifenol (sırasıyla 3,4-dihidroksifenik-2-oksopropil kafeat ve izoferulat) gibi çeşitli fenil-propanoid esterler [18] ve simirasemat A-D (fenilpropanoid ester dimerleri) bulunmaktadır [19]. | Turkish to English: Diaphyseal femur fractions
General field: Medical
Detailed field: Medical (general) | Source text - Turkish
GİRİŞ
Çocuk femur diafiz kırıkları sık görülen yaralanmalardandır ve tüm kırıkların %1.6 sını oluşturmaktadır(1,2,5,7,9). Tedavide genelikle kullanılan yöntemler; traksiyon, traksiyon sonrası alçılama, erken alçılama, inkorpre erken alçılama, intramedüller elastik nailing, plakla internal fiksasyon ve eksternal fikstörlerdir(1,2,3,5,18). Bu tekniklerin her birinin kendine ait avantaj ve dezavantajları vardır(7,11). Bu nedenle pediatrik ortopedistler arasında tartışma konusudur(7).
Hastane de kalma süresini kısaltmak, tedavi maliyetini ve tekrarlayan radyografi çekimini azaltmak, hastanın erken ailesini yanına dönmesini sağlamak için immediate ya da erken alçılama yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır(1,2,4,11). Ancak immediate ve erken alçılama yöntemleriyle tedavide redüksiyon kaybı olmakta angulasyon ya da kısalık gelişmektedir(1,4,5,6). Bu kabul edilmeyen kısalık ve angulasyon bir problem olarak kalmıştır. Bu problemi önlemek için diz ve kalça flektsiyonunu artırma, alçı içinde iskelet traksiyonu ile inkorperetion, teleskop testi gibi stratejiler geliştirilmiştir(12,13). Ancak yinede gelişen kısalık ve angulasyonlara tam olarak engel olunamamıştır. Bazen tekrarlayan redüksiyon ve yeniden alçılama gerektirmektedir. Korreksiyon kaybını ve kısalığı azaltmak için inkorpere alçılama önerilmektedir(13,14). Ancak Bu yöntemle sadece distal fragmanın aksiyel yönde, frontal ve sagital plandaki hareketi azaltılmakta ya da engellenmekte ancak proksimal fragmanın hareketi ise önlenememektedir(13,14). Biz hipotez ediyoruz ki hem proksimal hem distal fragmanın alçı içindeki hareketinin azaltılarak oluşabilecek redüksiyon kaybı ve kısalık daha iyi önlenebilir. Bu hipotezden hareket ederek erken alçılama yöntemiyle birlikte hem proksimal hemde distal fragmandan geçirilen bir K teli ile Kırık fragmanlarının hareketini önleyerek angulasyon ve kısalık gelişimine engel olacağını düşünerek yeni bir teknik uyguladık.
| Translation - English
INTRODUCTION
Diaphyseal femur fractions in children are frequently seen injuries and constitute 1,6% of all fractures (1, 2, 5, 7, 9). General methods used for treatment are traction, post-traction spica cast, early spica cast, incorporated early spica cast, intramedullar elastic nailing, internal fixation with plate, and external fixtures (1, 2, 3, 5, 18). Each of these techniques has their specific advantages and disadvantages (7, 11). Therefore this is a point of discussion among pediatric orthopedists (7).
Immediate or early spica cast methods are used in order to shorten the hospitalization period, reduce treatment costs and number of repeated radiography shots, and to allow the patient to return to his/her family earlier (1, 2, 4, 11). However, reduction loss is experienced and angulations or shortness are developed while using immediate and early spica casting methods (1, 4, 5, 6). Such unacceptable shortness and angulations remain as an issue. In order to prevent this, several strategies, such as increasing knee and hip flexion, incorporation with skeletal traction in the spica cast and telescope tests were developed (12, 13). However, shortness and angulations developed could not be totally prevented. Occasionally, such conditions require reduction and repeated spica casting. Incorporated spica casting is recommended for reducing correction loss and shortness (13, 14). But only axial movement of distal fragment on frontal and sagittal planes can be reduced or prevented, while that of proximal fragment cannot be stopped (13, 14). As we hypothesize, reduction loss and shortness can be prevented more effectively by reducing the movement of both proximal and distal fragments within the spica cast. Under the guidance of the hypothesis, we applied a new technique by preventing the movement of fractured fragments with a K wire located both in proximal and distal fragments in addition to early spica casting method, considering that this would help preventing the development of angulations and shortness. |
More Less | | Years of translation experience: 5. Registered at ProZ.com: Mar 2009. Became a member: Nov 2009. | English to Turkish (Marmara University, Istanbul)
| | N/A | | Adobe Acrobat, Catalyst, DejaVu, Indesign, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Passolo, Powerpoint, SDL TRADOS, Wordfast | | ceren gunger endorses ProZ.com's Professional Guidelines. | | About me Starting with literary projects in 2005, I have been working as a freelance translator/proofreader for several local and international language service providers. The experience I gained in extensive translation projects of various large companies allows me to keep pace with strict deadlines and high volumes of work. Best results guaranteed in fields of specialization (medical, pharmaceuticals, automotive, IT and software localization, web site localization, electronics, marketing-advertising, arts & literature).
Recent Projects completed for:
- Kaspersky Lab
- Janssen-Cilag
- Bayer
- Yahoo!
- Sandoz
- Goodyear
- Biomet
- Fresenius Kabi
- Teva
- Abdi Ibrahim
- Mazda
- Honda
- Mobil1
- Ulker
- Seagate
and many more adding each and everyday. | This user has earned KudoZ points by helping other translators with PRO-level terms. Click point total(s) to see term translations provided.
Total pts earned: 20
(All PRO level)
| | Top languages (PRO) | | English to Turkish | 16 | | Turkish to English | 4 | | Top general fields (PRO) | | Medical | 12 | | Other | 4 | | Art/Literary | 4 | | Top specific fields (PRO) | | Medical (general) | 12 | | Tourism & Travel | 4 | | History | 4 |
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Keywords: medical, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, cardiology, orthopedics, marketing, surveys, polls, training materials, psychiatry, psychology, technology, software, localization, IT, automotive, advertising, arts, literature, localization, tercüme, tercüman
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Feb 28, 2011 |
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