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General field: Social Sciences
Detailed field: Economics | Source text - English
FORCES OF CHANGE AFFECTING AFRICAN FOOD MARKETS:
IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC POLICY
Thomas. S. Jayne
INTRODUCTION
World trade protocols appear to be breaking down. Investments by huge agribusiness and food retail chains in developing countries have raised fears that smallholder farmers are becoming increasingly marginalized.
Local and international political economy problems are changing the nature of access to markets and technology. One might easily conclude that farmers in developing countries face an inevitable onslaught which neither they nor the governments representing them can influence, let alone use to their advantage. However, the risk of conceiving global food systems as irreversible exogenous shocks on developing countries is to neglect the role of public policy in moderating and shaping the way international forces affect local agricultural sectors.
The premise of this paper is that, far from being an irreversible tsunami, global supply chains and supermarkets are one of many forces affecting the evolution of food systems in developing countries. The evolution of food systems and their distributional effects are also being fundamentally driven by local demographic, institutional and technical change, as well as by history. These local forces, along with domestic policy and investment decisions, determine the scope for international agribusiness investment. The implication of viewing food system modernization in this framework is that there is no deterministic “future of smallholders farms” or food systems. The future of food systems, and smallholder
farmers” role in them, will be influenced greatly by the local enabling environments, which is fundamentally determined by the nature of government policies and investments. This chapter illustrates these points based on the case of eastern and southern Africa.
We identify seven locally driven issues fundamentally affecting outcomes and distributional effects within food systems in the eastern and southern Africa regions:
1 how historical and political factors impede the pace of transformation of the food grain systems of the region;
2 why historical underinvestment in public goods has created political pressure for state interventions, which reinforce a continued under-provision of market-facilitating public goods investments;
| Translation - French
LES FORCES DU CHANGEMENT SUR LES MARCHÉS ALIMENTAIRES AFRICAINS : IMPLICATIONS POUR LES POLITIQUES PUBLIQUES
Thomas S. Jayne
INTRODUCTION
L’état de l’agriculture dans le monde est en train de changer rapidement. Les accords commerciaux internationaux semblent avoir échoué. Les investissements d’énormes chaînes de distribution alimentaire et agro-alimentaire dans les pays en voie de développement ont suscité la crainte que les petits exploitants agricoles se trouvent de plus en plus marginalisés. Les problèmes des économies politiques régionales et internationales ont modifié les moyens d’accès aux marchés et aux technologies. On pourrait aisément en conclure que les fermiers des pays en voie de développement font face à un déferlement inévitable que ni eux, ni les gouvernements qui les représentent, ne peuvent influencer, et moins encore utiliser à leur avantage. Toutefois, concevoir les systèmes alimentaires mondiaux comme des chocs exogènes irréversibles sur les pays en voie de développement est prendre le risque de négliger le rôle des politiques publiques à même de freiner et de déterminer la façon dont les forces internationales affectent les zones agricoles locales.
Le postulat de cet article est que, loin de constituer un tsunami irréversible, les supermarchés et les chaînes d’approvisionnement mondiales sont l’une des nombreuses forces qui affectent l’évolution des systèmes alimentaires dans les pays en voie de développement. L’évolution, de ces systèmes et leurs effets distributionnels, sont également fondamentalement influencés par la démographie locale, les changements techniques et institutionnels, ainsi que l’histoire. Ces facteurs locaux, de même que les politiques intérieures et les décisions d’investissement, déterminent l’ampleur de l’investissement agro-alimentaire international. Envisager la modernisation des systèmes alimentaires dans ce cadre revient à dire que le «futur des petits exploitants» ou des systèmes alimentaires n’est pas déterministe. Le futur des systèmes alimentaires, et des petits exploitants au sein de ces systèmes, sera fortement influencé par des environnements locaux propices, qui sont fondamentalement déterminés par la nature des politiques et des investissements gouvernementaux. Ce chapitre illustre ces questions en se basant sur le cas de l’Afrique de l’Est et du Sud. Nous avons identifié sept problématiques générées localement qui affectent fondamentalement les résultats et les effets distributionnels des systèmes alimentaires dans les régions d’Afrique de l’Est et du Sud :
1. Comment les facteurs politiques et historiques ralentissent le rythme de transformation des systèmes céréaliers de la région ;
2. Comment le sous-investissement passé en biens publics a créé une pression politique en faveur des interventions étatiques, ce qui renforce un sous-approvisionnement continuel en investissements de biens publics facilitateurs de marché ;
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More Less | | BA-Institut Franco-Portugais de Lisbonne, headed by ITT of Strasbourg | | Years of translation experience: 5. Registered at ProZ.com: Jul 2009. | | N/A | English to French (Diplôme de Traduction/Interprétariat - Institut )
Portuguese to French (Diplôme de Traduction/Interprétariat - Institut )
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