English to Chinese: A METHOD FOR TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION
Detailed field: Law: Patents, Trademarks, Copyright | |
Source text - English
A METHOD FOR TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the construction of tunnels, and more particularly, to a method of constructing or widening a half-tunnel in a ground typically in a hillside or mountainside. Background of the Invention
The building or widening of roads along mountains or hill sides presents major problems, inter alia, with respect to damage caused to the environment including forests, and may cause instability and landslides, as is well known and understood by men skilled in the art. With a view to overcome the problems, the construction of half tunnels was developed, however, so far has not provided an optimal solution, at least from the practical aspect of the necessity to support the roof of such a half tunnel. As illustrated in Fig. 1, when a regular tunnel 2 is constructed, two opposing compression forces indicated by arrows F, F1 are developed in the roof of the tunnel, which forces achieve equilibrium. Thus, depending on the type of ground in which the tunnel is excavated, reinforcing soil nails 6 may sometimes be required to be inserted into the ground. When such nails 6 are utilized, they are inserted into the ground as shown, radially with respect to the arched tunnel roof. Hence, since a half-tunnel does not have a center opposing force in its roof, the above-described method of tunnel construction is not applicable. The obvious solution used is to provide a support to the free edge of the roof in the form of struts or posts extending between the base of the tunnel, e.g., the road and the roof. The disadvantages of such supporting posts are readily apparent. Summary of the Invention
It is therefore a broad object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art half-tunnel construction and to provide a method for constructing a half-tunnel, which does not include supporting posts at the open side of the tunnel.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for constructing a half-tunnel, the roof of which is securely supported by lock elements inserted into the ground above the roof.
In accordance with the present invention there is therefore provided a method of constructing a section of a half-tunnel in a slope of a mountain or hill, comprising the steps of: a) forming a lock block along said section above the upper edge of the half-tunnel to be excavated; b)inserting lock elements traversing said lock block and extending into said mountain; c) excavating portions of the mountain beyond and below said lock block defining roof and bottom portions of said half-tunnel, and d) repeating step c) until the entire section of said half-tunnel is formed. Brief Description of the Drawings
The invention will now be described in connection with certain preferred embodiments with reference to the following illustrative figures so that it may be more fully understood.
With specific reference now to the figures in detail, it is stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, and are presented in the cause of providing what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural details of the invention in more detail than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the invention, the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how the several forms of the invention may be embodied in practice.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 (prior art) is a schematic representation of a regular tunnel construction;
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first stage of the method of a half-tunnel construction, according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic, cross-sectional view of a second stage of the method of a half-tunnel construction, according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a schematic, cross-sectional view of a third stage of the method of a half-tunnel construction, according to the present invention, and
Fig. 5 is schematic, cross-sectional view of a fourth stage of the method of a half-tunnel construction, according to the present invention, having additional protection against falling rocks. Detailed Description
The method of constructing a section of a tunnel in a slope of a mountain or hill according to the present invention will now be described with reference to the construction stages.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrated embodiments and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
| Translation - Chinese
隧道施工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及隧道施工方法，具体而言涉及一种在尤其是山坡中的地面下修建或加宽半山峒的方法。
背景技术
所属领域的技术人员皆知，在山坡中修建或加宽公路将带来许多问题，尤其是对环境包括森林造成损害等，且可能引起山体滑坡。为了克服上述问题，人们发明了半山峒的修建方式，然而到目前为止尚未找到完美的解决方法－至少从实际中必须支撑起此半山峒的洞顶的角度来看。如图1所示，修建一般隧道2时，两个反方向的压力（如箭头F、F1所示）被施于隧道的顶部，从而达到平衡。因此，根据挖掘隧道所在的地面的类型，有时需要将加固土钉6插入地面中。使用此土钉6时，将其相对隧道弧形顶板垂直地插入地面中，如图所示。因此，由于半山峒的洞顶没有中心反向力，故上述隧道施工方法并不可行。目前所采用的明显的解决方法是采取一些侧撑或支杆，使其伸展在隧道基板（例如公路和洞顶）之间，从而提供与洞顶成自由角度的支撑力。这种支撑支杆的缺点显而易见。
发明内容
因此，本发明的一个主要目标是克服现有的半山峒施工技术中的缺点，并提供一种无需在隧道开口侧使用支撑支杆的半山峒施工方法。
本发明的另一目标是提供一种半山峒施工方法，其中将锁定构件插入洞顶以上的地面中，用于牢牢支撑住所述洞顶。
因此，根据本发明，提供了一种在山坡上修建半山峒的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：a)在所述待挖半山峒的上边缘之上沿所述段形成一锁定固块；b)插入锁定构件，使其和所述锁定固块相交，并将其伸入所述山体中；c)挖掘所述锁定固块之上或之下的山体的部分（其形成所述半山峒的洞顶和洞底部分）；和d)重复步骤c)，直到形成整段所述半山峒。
附图说明
现将结合某些优选实施例并参照以下图式对本发明加以描述，以加深对本发明的理解。
对于以下图式，须知其细节的展示只是为了方便讨论本发明的优选实施例而举出的例子，目的在于使读者更容易理解本发明的原理和概念并最大程度地利用本发明。因此，在此并没有为了解释本发明而过多地显示本发明的详细结构，对图式的具体说明将使所属领域的技术人员清楚本发明的各种形式是如何付诸实践的。
在各图式中：
图1（现有技术）为一般隧道施工的图示；
图2为本发明的半山峒施工方法中第一阶段的剖面图；
图3为本发明的半山峒施工方法中第二阶段的剖面图；
图4为本发明的半山峒施工方法中第三阶段的剖面图；及
图5为本发明的半山峒施工方法中第四阶段的剖面图，其中有针对滑落岩石的额外保护措施。
具体实施方式
现将参照各施工阶段，对本发明的在山坡上修建一段隧道的施工方法进行说明。
所属领域的技术人员易知，本发明不仅限于前述图示实施例的具体细节，且在不脱离本发明的精神或主要特性的前提下，本发明可实施为其他特定形式。因此从任何角度来说都应将所述实施例视作例示性而非限制性的，从而由附文权利要求书而非前述说明来指出本发明的范围；且因此任何改变，只要其属于权利要求等效物的含义和范围中，就应视作属于本发明。
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Chinese to English: 电壁炉仿真模拟火焰装置
Detailed field: Law: Patents, Trademarks, Copyright | |
Source text - Chinese
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种火焰模拟装置，特别涉及一种电壁炉仿真模拟火焰装置。
背景技术
现有的电壁炉火焰模拟装置中，一类装置为模拟煤炭或树枝状碳块的燃烧介质，通常这些燃烧介质由表面涂有树枝状木材颜色的塑料壳体替代，里面装有一组灯泡光源，来模拟燃烧树枝状木材时的效果，再用一组火焰形状的丝绸布料飘带悬挂在燃烧介质上方，通过空气的吹动来带动飘带飘动时的投影效果，通过半透明的塑料屏幕与镜面玻璃，可以看到火焰闪动的视觉景象。这类装置可以模拟火焰闪动的视觉效果，不足之处在于，产生的火焰效果缺乏火焰燃烧时的通明透亮感觉，也没有火苗窜动和火焰升腾现象。
| Translation - English
Field of the Invention
The present utility model relates to an apparatus for simulating flame of fire, and more particularly to an apparatus for simulating flame of fire in an electrical fireplace.
Description of the Related Art
One type of prior art apparatus for simulating flame of fire in an electrical fireplace uses a simulated burning medium, e.g. a simulated burnt piece of coal or wood, usually a plastic casing having a wood-like or coal-like coating, with a light source mounted therein, and a strip of cloth having a shape of fire flames billowed above the simulated burning medium by blowing wind. A vision of jiggling fire flame may be viewed through a partially translucent screen made of plastic. Such an apparatus may simulate the general shape and movement of fire flame, but may not simulate the brightness, transparency and flicker of the fire flame.
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