English to Japanese Bus/Financial Finance (general)

Traditional manufacturing companies, on the other hand, do not pay large bonuses. Instead, employee compensation is largely in salary; bonuses make up a small portion of total pay. For example, in fiscal year 2000, the CEO of Dupont made more than $1 million in base pay and $1.7 million in bonus. The more traditional and older the industry, the more likely it is that bonuses will be small relative to salaries. Steel, paper, and oil are examples. Newer and often riskier industries are likely to pay larger bonuses. Among these include high-technology companies and professional services companies engaged in activities such as consulting, advertising, and investment banking. In the middle are consumer goods and pharmaceutical companies.

The way bonuses are presented also differs from industry to industry. In most industries, they are presented as a ***target bonus*** with an upside equal to some multiple of the target (often 150 to 200 percent). In professional services companies, the maximum is presented. In this case, bonuses are usually adjusted downward, not upward. In investment banking, the likely bonus payout is presented with the understanding that there is unlimited upside