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sobre todo de una orden judicial imponiendo una multa o decretando fianza; en el sentido más usual, significa" orden confiscando una fianza, etc., por incomparecencia, incumplimiento de la condición impuesta; (como verbo) perder fianza, quedar decomisado.

...por incumplimiento de promesa de comparecencia)



Creo que no existe un término en español....
Un procesado puede obtener la libertad (mientras aguarda el juicio) bajo fianza o bajo palabra ('on his won recognizance'). En este último caso otra persona puede 'garantizar' que el procesado comparecerá o también se puede ofrecer alguna propiedad en garantía. Si no comparece ante los tribunales en la fecha fijada, se inicia acción civil por incumplimiento con la 'palabra', se llama a la persona que actuó de garantía y/o se confiscan los bienes del procesado.



Estreat (French estrait, Latin extracta) means, originally, a true copy or duplicate of some original writing or record; since the 1900s used only with reference to the enforcement of a forfeited recognizance. At one time it was the practice to extract and certify into the exchequer copies of entries in court rolls which contained provision or orders in favor of the treasury, hence the estreating of a recognizance was the taking out from among the other records of the court in which it was filed and sending it to the exchequer to be enforced, or sending it to the sheriff to he levied by him, and then returned by the clerk of the peace to the lords of the treasury.

Estreature is the noun form of the verb estreat. In current usage in the United States usage it means the action and change of status involved in converting a surety bond asset forfeiture into a civil action.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estreat



"forfeited recognizance order" means an order requiring a person who has failed to comply with a condition of a recognizance, and all sureties of that person, to pay money to the government; (« ordonnance de confiscation d'engagement »)
http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/2001/c03201e.php


In British, Canadian and American law, the term recognizance is usually employed to describe an obligation of record, entered into before some court or magistrate duly authorized, whereby the party bound acknowledges (recognizes) that s/he owes a personal debt to the government or Crown, with a defeasance, i.e. subject to a condition that the obligation to pay shall be avoided if he shall do some particular act, as if s/he shall appear at the assizes, keep the peace, or the like.

Recognizance is most often encountered regarding bail in criminal cases. By filing a bail bond with the court, the defendants will usually be released from imprisonment pending a trial or appeal. If no bail has been set, the defendants are released "on their own recognizance." Release on recognizance is sometimes called RoR, or, particularly in the United States, OR.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recognizance


OWN RECOGNIZANCE - Sometimes called personal recognizance. A person who promises to appear in court to answer criminal charges can sometimes be released from jail without having to pay bail. This person is said to be released on his or her own recognizance.

http://www.lectlaw.com/def2/o024.htm


ON RECOGNIZANCE- ROR: Released On Recognizance
LIBERTAD BAJO PALABRA SIN PAGO DE FIANZA ni CAUCIÓN JUDICIAL, CON LA PROMESA DE CUMPLIR CONLAS CONDICIONES IMPUESTAS

http://www.pdsdc.org/Resources/ESPANOL/Glosario de Términos ...


Estreat of a recognizance}, the extracting or taking out a forfeited recognizance from among the other records of the court, for the purpose of a prosecution in another court, or it may be in the same court. --Burrill. [1913 Webster]
http://estreat.idoneos.com/



ESTREAT - The legal process by which a court calls upon the surety to produce the body of the defendant. If the surety does not comply, the bond is forfeited. Though not quite correct, "estreat" and "forfeit" are used interchangeably.
http://www.uniquebail.com/glossary.htm


2) Libertad Bajo Palabra (O.R.)

Los acusados pueden ser puestos en libertad solamente al dar su palabra. Ésto se reserva para casos menores u ofensas que no son violentas. Solamente un juez puede hacer la decision de dejar en libertad al acusado “bajo palabra”. En tal caso, el acusado es puesto en libertad firmando un documento donde promete comparecer ante la corte.
http://www.adelantefianzas.com/como.html