Stand-alone costs
| 10:43 Jun 12, 2001 |
| English to Russian translations [PRO] Bus/Financial | ||||
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| Summary of answers provided | ||||
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| na | автономные расходы |
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| na | внешние/общие расходы |
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| na | накладные расходы |
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| na | отдельные расходы |
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Answers
14 mins
автономные расходы Explanation: This terms is used in economics. As a reference, see the below URL. Reference: http://www.hse.ru/inter/mk/g3/1.htm Reference: http://www.altnet.ru/~rim/lekcicon/13/L1.htm |
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13 hrs
внешние/общие расходы Explanation: Имеются ввиду радходы, не входящие в формирование цены на товар /landed cost/. Это могут быть таможенные расходы, расходы по внутренному транспорту и.т.д. |
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20 hrs
накладные расходы Explanation: Накладные расходы, сопутствующие расходы. общеупотребительное жаргонное выражение. Имеются ввиду минимальные расходы, обязательно возникающие в процессе продажи (реализации) товара или оказания какой-либо услуги. Exp. |
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1 day 4 hrs
отдельные расходы Explanation: Price ceilings—stand-alone cost A critical issue for efficiency is the criterion used to set the ceiling on rates where there is market dominance. While rate ceilings derived from fully distributed costs are inimical to the public interest, economically rational ceilings can be obtained from the stand alone costs. This is the cost of serving any captive shipper or group of shippers that benefit from sharing joint and common costs as if the shipper or group were isolated from the railroad's other customers. The stand-alone cost method finds the theoretically maximum rate that a railroad could levy on shippers without losing its traffic to a hypothetical competing service offered by a hypothetical entrant facing no entry barriers or by a shipper providing service for itself. Thus, the stand-alone cost criterion serves as a surrogate for competition and leads to a simulated competitive price. The stand-alone cost test does not apply—and cannot be made to apply without disastrous consequences—if railroads are not allowed to abandon unremunerative facilities or services. Where that freedom is denied, a railroad cannot earn adequate revenues if its rates on potentially remunerative activities are constrained by stand-alone cost ceilings. For this reason, it is unwise for public policy to limit the freedom of railroads to curtail unremunerative services without providing public funds to help defray the costs of those services. СУММЫ НАЛОГА НА ДОХОДЫ, УДЕРЖАННЫЕ У РАБОТНИКА ТОВАРИЩЕСТВА, НЕЛЬЗЯ РАССМАТРИВАТЬ КАК ОТДЕЛЬНЫЕ РАСХОДЫ, СВЯЗАННЫЕ С ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ ТОВАРИЩЕСТВА http://www.ecolife.krsk.ru/content.asp?id=216 Hope it can help you. Best Regards, Serge |
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