известный

English translation: established

14:43 Feb 19, 2007
Russian to English translations [PRO]
Science - Science (general) / scientific writing
Russian term or phrase: известный
Коэффициент k вычисляется согласно с известным правилом [5].

Как бы вы перевели слово "известный", если [5] -- это ссылка на книгу, которая если и известна, то только очень узкому кругу специалистов?
Nik-On/Off
Ukraine
Local time: 10:53
English translation:established
Explanation:
May be an option.
Selected response from:

Mikhail Kropotov
Germany
Local time: 09:53
Grading comment
I put it as "rule established in [5]."
Thank you all!
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer



Summary of answers provided
4 +2previously discovered
Jack Doughty
2 +3established
Mikhail Kropotov
4set
Katia Kosovan
4(none needed)
Andrew Sabak
3pre-defined/known rule
Natalia Potashnik
3adopted
Zamira B.
2certain
Olga Sharpe


  

Answers


4 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 2/5Answerer confidence 2/5 peer agreement (net): +3
established


Explanation:
May be an option.

Mikhail Kropotov
Germany
Local time: 09:53
Works in field
Native speaker of: Russian
PRO pts in category: 204
Grading comment
I put it as "rule established in [5]."
Thank you all!

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Vitaly Kisin: or standard
14 mins

agree  Karen Sughyan
17 mins

agree  Ann Nosova
1 hr
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)

8 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5 peer agreement (net): +2
previously discovered


Explanation:
Or already discovered

Jack Doughty
United Kingdom
Local time: 08:53
Native speaker of: English
PRO pts in category: 474

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Dorene Cornwell
2 hrs
  -> Thank you.

agree  Olga Cartlidge: Previously discovered or perhaps "determined", a term which appears to be favoured by academics.
5 hrs
  -> Thank you. Yes.
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)

9 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5
set


Explanation:
according to the set rule

Katia Kosovan
Local time: 10:53
Works in field
Native speaker of: Native in RussianRussian
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)

21 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 2/5Answerer confidence 2/5
certain


Explanation:
or "know to a certain degree (extent)"
or "known in a certain setting"

sorry for my certain partiality to the word "certain"

Olga Sharpe
Canada
Local time: 04:53
Native speaker of: Native in RussianRussian, Native in UkrainianUkrainian
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)

35 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 3/5Answerer confidence 3/5
pre-defined/known rule


Explanation:
--

Natalia Potashnik
United States
Local time: 02:53
Specializes in field
Native speaker of: Russian
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)

17 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 3/5Answerer confidence 3/5
adopted


Explanation:
-

Zamira B.
United Kingdom
Local time: 08:53
Native speaker of: Native in RussianRussian
PRO pts in category: 36
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)

1 day 1 hr   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5
(none needed)


Explanation:
This is a word which can sometimes in this kind of context be simply omitted as adding nothing to the meaning. It doesn't seem from the one sentence quoted that there is anything more well-known / predetermined about reference [5] than any other. Maybe more context would help.

Andrew Sabak
United States
Local time: 04:53
Works in field
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish
PRO pts in category: 8
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)



Login or register (free and only takes a few minutes) to participate in this question.

You will also have access to many other tools and opportunities designed for those who have language-related jobs (or are passionate about them). Participation is free and the site has a strict confidentiality policy.

KudoZ™ translation help

The KudoZ network provides a framework for translators and others to assist each other with translations or explanations of terms and short phrases.


See also:
Term search
  • All of ProZ.com
  • Term search
  • Jobs
  • Forums
  • Multiple search