"Acceso a la cátedra" in Argentina refers to any university teaching post, not just that of "catedrático" or (full) professor. This can be illustrated, for example, by the Guistiniani "Proyecto de Ley para la Educación Superior Argentina" of 2006, art. 22:
"El acceso a la cátedra
en todos los niveles de la docencia ordinaria se hará por concurso público de oposición y antecedentes"
http://fadeweb.uncoma.edu.ar/debates/documentos-les/Proyecto...If the translation is in American English, "professorship" can be justified for "cátedra"; in British English it would be wrong, because in British English "professorship" refers only to a position as (full) professor or "catedrático". In American English, "professorship" is ambiguous; it can refer to any position as a university professor (ie. teacher) or to a full professorship, but "taking up professorships" could well be interpreted to mean appointments as a full professor, and this would be wrong. So I think it would be better to use a term like "university posts" or "university appointments".