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English to Portuguese: Local recurrence in giant cell tumor of bone: Comparative study of two methods of surgical approach General field: Medical
Source text - English Giant cell tumor of bones is an unusual neoplasm that accounts for 4% of all primary tumors of bone. Usually, the age of patients ranges from 20 to 55 years, and the peak age incidence is in the third decade of life, with slight female predominance (1.2:1). It is a locally aggressive tumor, which involves the ends of long bones in skeletally mature individuals in more than 80% of cases, and 75% of them occur around the knee joint. The tumor on occasion invades the articular space, also involving the ligaments and the synovial membrane. Extension to an adjacent bone through the joint occurs in 5 per cent of the tumors. Less frequently, giant cell tumors occur in the vertebrae (2-5%) and in the sacrum (10%). Giant cell tumor is characterized by its typical location in the epiphysis of long bone. Rarely, when it occurs in teenagers with an open physis, the metaphyseal area may be involved first. This tumor is well known for its potential to recur after treatment such as curettage or incomplete resection, which leaves microscopic residuals. Recurrence can develop in the bone or soft tissues and although both reflect relapse of disease, the sequelae of recurrence can vary as a function of the site and extent. Historically, the rate of local recurrence after curettage and bone grafting has been reported to range between 25% and 50%. This has led surgeons to enhance their surgical procedure with adjuvants such as liquid nitrogen, acrylic cement, phenol, hydrogen peroxide, locally delivered chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. The latter has been associated with malignant transformation in the past, but the risk of this complication recently has been challenged and may be different with modern radiotherapy modalities. Wide resection is associated with much better local control, but it often impairs limb function because it implies the sacrifice of a significant segment of bone. Adjuvant liquid nitrogen has been reported to provide the best local control but its use has not gained popularity because handling the product is difficult and pathologic fractures have been frequent. Although acrylic cement initially seemed to enhance local control, this has been challenged. Comparably low local recurrence rates have been reported using modern surgical techniques without the addition of adjuvant. Compared with other filler material such as autograft or allograft bone, cement is easy and inexpensive to use, provides immediate stability allowing early weight-bearing may avoid the necessity of internal fixation, and allows for early detection of recurrence as a lytic defect at the bone-cement interface. Cement also can be used when a fracture is present. The risk of joint degeneration after cementation seems to be minimal, although some authors prefer to interpose bone chips between cartilage or subchondral area and cement in an attempt to prevent joint degeneration.
Journal of Research in Medical Sciences September & October 2008; Vol 13, No 5. 223-229.
Translation - Portuguese Reincidência local de tumor ósseo de células gigantes: Estudo comparativo de dois métodos de intervenção cirúrgica
O tumor ósseo de células gigantes é uma neoplasia incomum que representa 4% de todos os tumores ósseos primários. Normalmente, a idade dos pacientes varia de 20 a 55 anos, e a idade de maior incidência é a terceira década de vida, com ligeira predominância do sexo feminino (1.2:1). Este é um tumor localmente agressivo, que envolve as extremidades dos ossos longos em indivíduos com maturidade esquelética em mais de 80% dos casos, e 75% deles ocorrem em torno da articulação do joelho. O tumor, na ocasião, invade o espaço articular, envolvendo também os ligamentos e a membrana sinovial. A extensão a um osso adjacente através da articulação ocorre em 5 por cento dos tumores. Com menor frequência, os tumores de células gigantes ocorrem nas vértebras (2-5%) e no sacro (10%). O tumor de células gigantes é caracterizado pela sua localização típica na epífise de ossos longos. Raramente, quando ele ocorre em adolescentes com uma fise aberta, a área metafisária pode ser envolvida primeiramente. Esse tumor é bem conhecido pelo seu potencial de reincidência após o tratamento, como curetagem ou ressecção incompleta, o qual deixa resíduos microscópicos. A reincidência pode se desenvolver no osso ou em tecidos moles e, apesar de ambos retratarem recaída da doença, as sequelas de reincidência podem variar em função do local e da extensão. Historicamente, a taxa de reincidência local após curetagem e enxerto ósseo tem sido relatada variando entre 25% e 50%. Isso tem levado cirurgiões a melhorarem seu procedimento cirúrgico com adjuvantes, tais como nitrogênio líquido, cimento acrílico, fenóis, peróxido de hidrogênio, quimioterapia local ou radioterapia. Esse último foi associado à transformação maligna no passado, mas o risco desta complicação foi recentemente contestado e pode ser diferente com as modernas modalidades de radioterapia. A ampla ressecção é associada a controle local muito superior, mas frequentemente prejudica a função do membro, pois implica no sacrifício de um segmento significativo do osso. O adjuvante nitrogênio líquido é descrito por proporcionar o melhor controle local, mas seu uso não ganhou popularidade porque a manipulação do produto é difícil e fraturas patológicas são frequentes. Embora inicialmente o cimento acrílico parecesse melhorar o controle local, isto foi contestado. Comparativamente baixas taxas de reincidência local foram relatadas utilizando-se modernas técnicas cirúrgicas sem a adição de adjuvante. Em comparação a outro material de preenchimento, como autoenxerto ou aloenxerto ósseo, o cimento é fácil de usar e barato, proporciona estabilidade imediata, permitindo que a nova orientação do peso possa evitar a necessidade de fixação interna, e permite a detecção precoce de reincidência como um defeito lítico na interface osso-cimento. O cimento também pode ser usado quando uma fratura está presente. O risco de degeneração articular após a cimentação parece ser mínimo, embora alguns autores preferem interpor fragmentos de ossos entre cartilagem ou área subcondral e cimento, numa tentativa de prevenir a degeneração articular.
English to Portuguese: 2011, the International Year of Forests General field: Science Detailed field: Environment & Ecology
Source text - English Forests cover a third of the Earth’s surface area. They are home to over half of terrestrial species and hundreds of millions of human beings. Forests provide part of one in four people’s incomes. They provide food for all of the almost 7 billion people on Earth as well as the air that we breathe and the medicines we use. And yet, we don’t know much about them and they aren’t looked upon fondly. And most of all, they are in danger.
2011 has been declared the International Year of Forests by the United Nations. It is an opportunity to discover, rediscover, celebrate, cherish, describe, protect and use these ecosystems more sustainably. These ecosystems appeared hundreds of millions of years ago before the first humanoids but now, we are threatening them.
Forests do not have to be destroyed: throughout the world, men and women are fighting to save them. Citizens, scientists, politicians and businessmen warn us about the threats forests face and suggest alternatives to protect them. This year will also be an opportunity to celebrate their initiatives and their efforts.
At the GoodPlanet Foundation, chaired by Yann Arthus-Bertrand, we are working towards this through our awareness programmes and the Action Carbone programme, to name but one, which has undertaken the protection of 510 000 hectares in Madagascar. We want to do even more this year, hence the different initiatives you can discover on this website. These initiatives were conceived as an invitation to put the words of the Turkish poet, Nazim Hikmet, into action, “To live like a tree, lonely and free. To live as brothers like trees in a forest".
Translation - Portuguese As florestas abrangem um terço da superfície da Terra. Elas são o lar de mais da metade das espécies terrestres e de centenas de milhões de seres humanos. As florestas fornecem parte da renda de uma a cada quatro pessoas. Elas fornecem comida para todas as quase 7 bilhões de pessoas da Terra, assim como o ar que nós respiramos e os medicamentos que utilizamos. E ainda assim nós não sabemos muito sobre elas e elas não são respeitadas de forma afetuosa. E acima de tudo, elas estão em perigo.
2011 foi declarado o Ano Internacional das Florestas pelas Nações Unidas. É uma oportunidade de descobrir, redescobrir, celebrar, estimar, descrever, proteger e utilizar esses ecossistemas de forma mais sustentável. Esses ecossistemas apareceram centenas de milhões de anos atrás, antes do primeiro humanoide, mas agora nós estamos ameaçando-os.
As florestas não devem ser destruídas: por todo o mundo, homens e mulheres lutam para salvá-las. Cidadãos, cientistas, políticos e empresários advertem-nos sobre as ameaças que as florestas enfrentam e sugerem alternativas para protegê-las. Este ano também será uma oportunidade para celebrar suas iniciativas e esforços.
Na Fundação GoodPlanet, presidida por Yann Arthus-Bertrand, nós trabalhamos para isso através dos nossos programas de conscientização e do programa Action Carbone, para mencionar apenas um, que responsabilizou-se pela proteção de 510.000 hectares em Madagascar. Nós queremos fazer ainda mais este ano; por isso, as diferentes iniciativas que você pode conhecer neste site. Essas iniciativas foram concebidas como um convite para pôr em ação as palavras do poeta turco Nazim Hikmet: "Viver como uma árvore, solitária e livre. Viver como irmãos, como as árvores de uma floresta".
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Bio
WELCOME!
I am a dedicated and highly professional English-Portuguese PhD Language Professional, with over 16 years’ experience/education gained in various fields including, clinical studies and research, luxury goods, telecommunication, industrial, business, marketing, scientific, finance, biotech, engineering, chemistry, arts and IT.
I have exceptional experience and education that comprises a diverse skill set enabling translation of scientific/academic material, as well as websites, games, medical and pharmaceutical documents and reports, privacy policies, SLAs, user/instruction manuals and surgery/procedures instructions (for labs and medical equipment).
I can be consistently relied upon for verification and correction of translated materials carried out in an expeditiously manner. I possess the ability to communicate clearly and effectively with people from all professional backgrounds with demonstrable skills in translation, proofreading, editing, transcription, transcreation, subtitling and localization.
I am a Member of the selected Proz.com screened professionals pool of pharmaceutical translators and Proz.com pool of games localizers.
Skills:
✓Fluent in Portuguese/English including colloquialisms, business vocabulary and scientific terminology
✓Experienced with a variety of computer programs, with a background in translation and scientific field
✓Extremely precise and dedicated
✓Strong verbal and written communication skills
✓Excellent accuracy, creativity, and meeting deadlines
✓Strong knowledge of grammar and sentence construction
✓Ability to handle multiple projects simultaneously
- Successfully working on numerous software, engineering and medical manuals, documents and reports
- Translating on legal documentation, website localization, marketing research etc.
- A member of Translators Without Borders team
- Creating non-confusing play experience for the end user by heeding specific cultural context while being faithful to the source material
- Organizing and planning efficiently how to divide time between specific activities, providing quick turnaround, with support via email and Skype
- Liaising with professional individuals i.e. physicians, gamers, marketing personnel, engineers, vendors and patients to provide excellent customer service and support
- Ability to tackle various size and levels of technicality documents
For more information, resume, quotes and other related issues, please contact me: [email protected]
I will be glad to promptly answer to your request.
I hope we will work together on great jobs!
Regards,
Thaiane Assumpção
Professional translator
Skype: thaianea
Sao Carlos - SP - Brazil
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Member since Jan '10
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