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Translation, Editing/proofreading, Training
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Specializes in:
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Italian to English - Rates: 0.13 - 0.15 USD per word / 55 - 65 USD per hour
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Sample translations submitted: 1
Italian to English: Maugeri, Leonardo (2010) Beyond the Age of Oil: the Myths, Realities, and Future of Fossil Fuels and Their Alternatives, Santa Barbara: Praeger Publishers, p. 40. General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Energy / Power Generation
Source text - Italian Il processo di formazione del carbone è detto carbonizzazione o carbogenesi, ed è un vero e proprio processo di invecchiamento che ha portato gli originari resti vegetali a un progressivo arricchimento (in termini percentuali) in carbonio, a causa della perdita degli altri elementi organici (idrogeno e ossigeno).
Così nel carbone si trovano molti atomi di carbonio e pochi atomi di idrogeno, a differenza degli altri combustibili fossili. Questa caratteristica è all’origine dei problemi attuali del carbone: quando brucia, libera molta anidride carbonica (circa il doppio rispetto al gas e circa il 50 per cento in più rispetto al petrolio) ed è quindi annoverato tra le cause principali del riscaldamento globale. Non solo....
... Queste sostanze si ritrovano nelle ceneri e nei fumi originati dalla combustione del carbone e costituiscono un serio problema di inquinamento ambientale. Per questo il carbone è considerato «sporco».
Come il petrolio, non tutto il carbone è uguale. In realtà, il termine «carbone» indica una famiglia di formazioni organiche composte prevalentemente da carbonio che possono essere classificate in vari modi.
Uno dei parametri più semplici e diffusi è quello basato sull’età geologica, ovvero sul grado di carbonizzazione a cui è giunta la roccia. Questo metodo consente di individuare anche le principali caratteristiche energetiche della tipologia di carbone presa in esame: più avanzato è il processo di carbogenesi (quindi, più vecchia la formazione carbonificata), più elevato è il contenuto percentuale di carbonio, minore l’umidità e la presenza di altri componenti volatili, maggiore il potere calorifico. Seguendo questo criterio si identificano quattro stadi di carbonificazione.
Translation - English The process of forming coal is called carbonization. It is really an aging process, which progressively increases the carbon content of the original vegetable remains (in percentage terms) at the expense of hydrogen and oxygen.
Thus, coal contains many atoms of carbon and very few atoms of hydrogen, unlike other fossil fuels. This feature of coal is the source of its current problems. When it burns, coal releases more than twice the carbon dioxide of natural gas and about 50% more than petroleum.…
That is not all. Coal contains other, inorganic minerals and potentially dangerous components.…
These substances are found in the residuals of coal production, as well as in the ashes and in the smoke coming from the combustion of coal. They constitute a serious problem of environmental pollution, which is why coal is considered "dirty."
However, like petroleum, all coal is not created equal.
In reality, the term "coal" indicates a family of organic compounds, which may be classified in various ways.
One of the simplest and most widespread classification criteria is geologic age, i.e., the degree of carbonization of the rock. This method also helps identify the principal energy characteristics of the type of coal being examined. The farther along the process of carbonization is (that is, the older the carbonized formation), the higher is the percentage content of carbon, the lower the percentage of water and volatile components and the greater the thermal value. Using this criterion, five stages of carbonization may be identified, but only four types of coal.
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Translation education
PhD - University of Virginia
Experience
Years of experience: 62. Registered at ProZ.com: Sep 1999.
Translations from Italian to English. Certified (Italian>English) by the ATA.
ACCEPTING BOOKS and book-length projects (fiction or non-fiction). Details at http://www.scriptorservices.com. Freelance translator since 1962.
Education and extensive work experience in engineering, public administration, financial management and government and military procurement.
Active member of American Translators Association (ATA), National Capital Area Translators Association and the Society for Technical Communication.
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