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Sample translations submitted: 2
English to Chinese: Linguistics General field: Other
Source text - English Source text-English
RAISING the legal drinking age would do nothing to stem the tide of alcohol-related social and health problems among young people, the NSW Police Commissioner, Andrew Scipione, says. Mr Scipione, who has previously advocated having the debate about lifting the drinking age above 18, told The Sun-Herald alcohol abuse needed to be addressed in the family home and peer groups, not with the long arm of the law. ''We can't arrest our way out of this problem,'' he said. ''If my only problem was the drinking age, then I think we'd be going well. Advertisement: Story continues below ''The fact is many of the problems [involve] people who are under the drinking age, so to lift it won't change a thing. ''They're getting access to alcohol, they are committing crimes, they are injuring themselves, they are doing stupid things and they aren't even at the age where they can go in and get a drink.'' By the time children reach the age of 12, nearly three-quarters have tried alcohol. By 13, eight in 10 have have consumed alcohol and 91 per cent have by 15, according to the Australian Secondary Students' Alcohol and Drugs Survey. Mr Scipione said the problem often started in the family home. ''We find that there are still parents who provide alcohol, which creates a nightmare,'' he said. ''We can't put any sensible drinking practices around them because they aren't even in a licensed premises, where you can put responsible service of alcohol measures around them.'' The Police Commissioner has informally teamed up with the University of Wollongong's centre for health initiatives to examine ways to socially address binge drinking among young people, rather than through policing. A large part of the problem was advertising and pricing of alcoholic drinks, the centre's director, Sandra Jones, said. ''We need to make alcohol more expensive, we need to make it less available and we need to stop advertising it,'' Professor Jones said. ''If we did those three things you would see a huge drop in alcohol-related harm. That's what happened with cigarettes and it worked. But it's not a quick fix. ''You can walk down to the bottle shop and buy a four-pack of something that tastes like a soft drink and contains three standard drinks [per bottle] for $20. So for $20 I can buy enough alcohol to exceed the safe drinking level for four adult men … you can't buy a movie ticket and a tub of popcorn for that.'' Ms Jones said that popular culture did nothing to help deter young people, especially women, from drinking and engaging in dangerous sexual activities.
''We need to look at what strategies we have to reduce that risk,'' she said. ''We've all watched Sex and the City and Gossip Girl - people go out and get drunk, they have sex with someone and it's a marvellous experience. ''They wake up the next morning and feel terrific about it. [But] that's not the real world and we need to start addressing those perceptions among young women.''
English to Chinese: Linguistic Men urged to persist with disputed prostate test General field: Other Detailed field: Medical (general)
Source text - English Chinese to English
專家說，澳大利亞不應該遵循一個即將到來的美國的建議，對測試顯然健康的男性前列腺癌可能，但集中，而不是確保那些接受測試的科學嚴謹對待。
此舉已兩極化的問題的辯論火上澆油，有影響力的美國預防服務工作隊預計說下週，男人不應該進行前列腺特異性抗原的血液測試，該措施由腺體分泌的一種蛋白質。 “不幸的是，證據現在顯示，這個測試並沒有挽救男人的生活，”弗吉尼亞州莫耶，專責小組的女主席，告訴“紐約時報”，“這個測試可以不告訴的之間癌症的區別，將和會不會影響一個男子在他的自然壽命。我們需要找到一個。“
這個特別小組，評估是否進一步的調查和治療，往往通過簡單的血液測試提示級聯五個大的研究 - 包括前列腺手術，可能導致陽痿或尿失禁 - 最終是在男人的最佳利益。預計大多數美國醫生要遵循其意見。
廣告：故事繼續在下面，但布魯斯阿姆斯特朗，澳大利亞領先的癌症科學家之一，最近的研究表明測試可能減少死亡，和的醫療保險，資助 PSA的檢測高的水平，已經出現在這裡應該迫使政府採取後續活躍責任治療。
阿姆斯特朗教授說，20％年齡介乎45至74人進行了測試，每年歲的無症狀男性媲美的婦女人數，參加有組織的乳腺癌和宮頸癌篩查和達“DE的事實篩選 ... ...這不只是一個點點是怎麼回事。
他呼籲聯邦政府制定的標準協議，PSA檢測，其中包括男子，最低和最高年齡進行測試，並確定 PSA水平的信息應觸發重複試驗或活檢。
羅威，澳大利亞，推動了檢測前列腺癌基金會首席執行官安東尼說，額外的生存利益，可能會出現測試男性較長。
羅威承認有些男人過於積極為生長緩慢的癌症經治療後已，但辯稱，“怎樣才可以知道有可能是一個問題，並能夠決定該怎麼辦一件壞事嗎？''癌症理事會澳大利亞，伊恩Olver，首席執行官它是不明確的，測試後，進行前列腺清除的數量是的保存生命，和專責小組有道理的 - 一個專家面板由美國政府的衛生和人類部委任服務 - 是：“真的只是鏡像 [科學]文學是說什麼'。
Olver教授說，他原則上同意與更正式的測試協議，但說有科學證據應差。
昨天衛生署指出，到去年由澳大利亞衛生部長諮詢委員會說，前列腺癌篩查是沒有道理的意見，和個人應當自行決定。
Translation - Chinese Translaton - English
AUSTRALIA should not follow a forthcoming US recommendation against testing apparently healthy men for possible prostate cancer, experts say, but concentrate instead on ensuring those who do receive the test are treated with scientific rigour.
In a move set to inflame already polarised debate on the question, the influential United States Preventive Services Task Force is expected to say next week that men should not undergo the prostate specific-antigen blood test, which measures a protein secreted by the gland. ''Unfortunately, the evidence now shows that this test does not save men's lives," Virginia Moyer, the chairwoman of the task force, told The New York Times. "This test cannot tell the difference between cancers that will and will not affect a man during his natural lifetime. We need to find one that does."
The taskforce has assessed five large research studies into whether the cascade of further investigations and treatment often prompted by the simple blood test - including prostate surgery that may cause impotence or incontinence - is ultimately in men's best interests. Its advice is expected to be followed by most US doctors.
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But Bruce Armstrong, one of Australia's leading cancer scientists, said recent studies showed the test could reduce deaths, and the high level of Medicare-funded PSA testing that already occurs here should oblige the government to take active responsibility for follow-up treatments.
Professor Armstrong said the 20 per cent of symptomless men aged 45 to 74 who were tested each year was on a par with the number of women who participated in organised breast and cervical cancer screening and amounted to ''de facto screening … It's not just a little bit that's going on.''
He called for the federal government to develop standard protocols for PSA testing, including the information given to men, minimum and maximum ages for testing, and defined PSA levels that should trigger repeat tests or biopsies.
Anthony Lowe, the chief executive of the Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, which has promoted testing, said additional survival benefits were likely to emerge as tested men were followed up for longer.
Dr Lowe acknowledged some men had been treated too aggressively for slow-growing cancers, but argued, ''How can it be a bad thing to know there may be a problem and be able to decide what to do about it?''
The chief executive of Cancer Council Australia, Ian Olver, said it was not clear that the number of prostate removals performed after testing was justified by the lives saved, and the task force - an expert panel appointed by the US government's Department of Health and Human Services - was, ''really just mirroring what the [scientific] literature is saying.''
Professor Olver said he agreed in principle with more formal testing protocols but said there was poor scientific evidence for what these should be.
The Health Department pointed yesterday to advice given last year by the Australian Health Ministers Advisory Council which said prostate screening was not justified, and individuals should decide for themselve
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