The age at which children learn a second language can have a significant bearing on the structure of their adult brain, according to a new joint study by the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital — The Neuro at McGill University and Oxford University. The majority of people in the world learn to speak more than one language during their lifetime. Many do so with great proficiency particularly if the languages are learned simultaneously or from early in development.
The study concludes that the pattern of brain development is similar if you learn one or two language from birth. However, learning a second language later on in childhood after gaining proficiency in the first (native) language does in fact modify the brain’s structure, specifically the brain’s inferior frontal cortex. The left inferior frontal cortex became thicker and the right inferior frontal cortex became thinner. The cortex is a multi-layered mass of neurons that plays a major role in cognitive functions such as thought, language, consciousness and memory.
The study suggests that the task of acquiring a second language after infancy stimulates new neural growth and connections among neurons in ways seen in acquiring complex motor skills such as juggling. The study’s authors speculate that the difficulty that some people have in learning a second language later in life could be explained at the structural level. More.
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Comments about this article
Poland
Local time: 03:46
English to Polish
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The funny thing is that my co-ordination is so abysmal I wasn't able to skate or ride the bike as a kid, even having learnt English since about six or seven years of age, German since ten, French and Latin since fifteen and then Greek since sixteen or seventeen. In fact, I can't dance or anything like that, (forget sleight of hand), all such activities being prevented from much success by some kind of inexplicable mental block more so than any general lack of physical fitness.
Spain
Local time: 03:46
Member
Dutch to English
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I learnt 3 languages from the age of 3: English, Spanish and Dutch. I can also skate and ride a bike. Juggling may be a problem.
United States
Local time: 19:46
Spanish to English
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I picked up German and English at the same time in my infancy (Spanish came many years later). I have always been well coordinated, but I believe that my father's influence on me to start practicing martial arts as a small child had more effect than anything else.
I used to skate and snowboard, I did gymnastics, and I studied tae kwon do, aikido, tai chi and fencing (epeé, but I really prefered saber). I was pretty good at all of them except for fencing (too many silly rules).
United States
Local time: 21:46
Russian to English
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I spoke spoke four languages well before twelve, and I think I could do a lot of physical things as well, if I had interest in them,. I even did some ballet classes and I love dancing . Bikes -- I hate riding in a car traffic in the dust, and honestly, I don't really like biking, but I don't think it related to language learning in any way. Maybe the people who have no interest in sports, have more interest in languages, or the arts.
United States
Local time: 21:46
Romanian to English
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Maybe the people who have no interest in sports, have more interest in languages, or the arts.
I spoke fluently three languages by the age of 12, practiced sport, was swimming champion for my country, enjoy going to the Philadelphia philharmonic, love ballet, and at 61 I still train, compete and win triathlons (swimming, biking and running).
Therefore I completely disagree with your statement. It is more a matter of willpower than a genetic mark.
Lee
Local time: 04:46
German to Romanian
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I was always good at learning grammar and foreign languages. My mother tongue is German. I learned English in school and was tutored by my mother. She was fluent in German, English, French, Russian, Italianand hebrew. She was also good at swimming and sports.
I am not good at dancing, or singing. I like to work out in a gym, however.
Local time: 03:46
Swedish to English
As I have often said to my wife, "I can't be good at Everything!".
Local time: 03:46
Member (2003)
French to Italian
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As I have often said to my wife, "I can't be good at Everything!".
All right!
Spain
Local time: 03:46
English to Spanish
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Every one is different or as we say in Spanish "Cada persona es un mundo"
Denmark
Local time: 03:46
Member (2003)
Danish to English
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I never could ride a bike, and passed down no less than three to my younger siblings when I had given up... I was hopeless at sports, and although I can write well with my left hand and passably with the right, my coordination is way too poor for playing a musical instrument... See more
I never could ride a bike, and passed down no less than three to my younger siblings when I had given up... I was hopeless at sports, and although I can write well with my left hand and passably with the right, my coordination is way too poor for playing a musical instrument, and even when I type very slowly, I still make typos.
I was glad when I finally found something I WAS good at
What strikes me is that these studies usually only involve comparatively small samples of individuals. With many of them carried out in the US or the UK, where societies as a whole are comparatively monolingual, although with notable exceptions, I don't think the results prove very much, fascinating as they are.
There was a myth or theory that if left-handed children were forced to write with their right hands, they would stutter, and that there are more left-handers among linguists than among the general population (however you define either).
A lot more study is definitely needed on language learning and brain development to make sense of the emerging patterns. ▲ Collapse
Poland
Local time: 03:46
English to Polish
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I never could ride a bike, and passed down no less than three to my younger siblings when I had given up...
Ouch. Well, as long as you could at least tie your shoelaces without difficulty, you still did better than I!
I was a left-hander forced to switch at around six or seven years of age. Perhaps I wasn't conclusively left-handed or they would've left me alone, but I certainly wrote with my left. To this day I'm startled sometimes. I can no longer wield the pen with my left hand, but if it's a sword, then I basically don't care. I sometimes type with my left rather than my right when my other hand is busy. The worst thing ever is when I start thinking consciously, which makes me stop and think which hand to use.
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