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Spanish to English: Review of Civilizing Argentina
Source text - Spanish Civilizing Argentina está centrado en la Generación de 1880 (G80), que tuvo su máximo representante en Julio A. Roca, dos veces Presidente de la Nación, y la acción desplegada en la modernización del país en torno a la ciencia y medicina. Se trata, en realidad, de un libro de historia de las ideas, ubicado en el contexto de la llegada del Liberalismo Positivista de origen Comteano y su influencia en el Estado Argentino a través del pensamiento científico.
La autora lo ha dividido en Introducción y Cuatro Partes, denominadas siguiendo la nomenclatura científica, Síntomas, Diagnóstico, Recetas e Higiene, y Epílogo, Notas, un Ensayo sobre las Fuentes, Index, Mapas e Ilustraciones. La calidad de la edición es impecable, en la escritura, las fotografías aportadas, la utilización de fuentes de diversos archivos y una gran bibliografía, con acento en la producción historiográfica de origen norteamericano.
Rodríguez comienza y termina su libro con una síntesis histórica, en la cual destaca que la Argentina es un país que su pasado lo condiciona a convulsiones y al autoritarismo político. La obra Facundo, o civilización i barbarie (1845) de Domingo F. Sarmiento, para quien el mal del país era su extensión, le sirve de marco.
Translation - English Civilizing Argentina focuses on the Generation of 1880 (G80), whose greatest representative was two-term president Julio A. Roca, and the action that unfolded in the country at that time in the fields of science and medicine. At heart, it is a book about the history of ideas, placed in the context of the arrival of positivist liberalism, of a Comptean sort, and its influence on the Argentine state as channeled through scientific thought.
The book’s introduction is followed by four parts, titled according to scientific labels: symptoms, diagnosis, prescriptions and hygiene, and epilogue. The quality of the edition is impeccable: the writing, the supporting photographs, the use of sources from a variety of archives, and the large bibliography, with an emphasis on U.S. historiographic production.
Rodríguez begins and ends her book with a historic synthesis, in which she underscores that Argentina was a country whose past prepared it for unrest and political authoritarianism. Domingo F. Sarmiento’s Facundo (1845), which portrays the problems of the country as an extension of this past, serves as a framework
Portuguese to English: Review of Beyond Red and Black
Source text - Portuguese Muitos estudiosos da história da América Latina colonial têm por hábito diferenciar nela a Indo-América da Afro-América. A primeira região encarnaria o cenário privilegiado de uma colonização cujos pilares seriam representados pela presença de maciços contingentes de populações pré-colombianas, notadamente nos Andes e na Mesoamérica. A segunda, demograficamente rarefeita de aborígenes ou deles esgotada precocemente, por isso mesmo dependeria da migração compulsória de milhões de africanos para tornar-se atrativa aos colonizadores europeus. O Brasil e o Caribe encarnariam os principais palcos do drama afro-americano.
Tal taxonomia personifica um desses clássicos exemplos em que o instrumento analítico se torna tão arraigado que transborda a consciência letrada e substitui a própria realidade a ser investigada. De fato, não são poucos os que tomam por “natural” e inassimilável o distanciamento entre indígenas e negros na história da América Latina. É possível que na raiz de tal arranjo esteja o fato de que a época da expansão e colonização européia do mundo foi também a do surgimento e consolidação de um sistema de classificação assimétrica dos tipos humanos em “raças” e “nações” sobejamente conhecido: brancos no topo, negros na base, intermediados por asiáticos e indígenas. Menos conhecido, entretanto, é o fato de que, simultaneamente ao seu aparecimento, as variadas formas assumidas pela colonização muitas vezes embaralhava semelhante taxonomia. Em tal circunstância, os indivíduos que os processos de miscigenação tornavam desviantes em relação ao sistema classificatório original ou bem se transformavam em “aberrações” ou simplesmente se lhes impunha uma incontornável invisibilidade.
Translation - English Many scholars of Latin American colonial history have a habit of distinguishing between Indo-America and Afro-America. The first region is made up of places where the colonization process was grounded in the presence of massive contingents of pre-Columbian peoples, particularly in the Andes and Mesoamerica. The second region consists of places where the native population was scarce or was depleted early on; here, the colonial project depended on the forced immigration of millions of Africans in order to make the continent attractive to European settlers. Brazil and the Caribbean thus would constitute the main backdrop for the Afro-American drama.
This taxonomy is a classic example of a situation where the analytical instrument becomes so deeply rooted that it spills over into the academic conscience and replaces the reality to be investigated. In fact, it is not uncommon for scholars to take the separation of Indians and blacks in Latin American history as “natural” and unquestionable. This conceptualization may be rooted in the fact that the period of Europe’s global expansion and colonization coincided with the creation and consolidation of the well-known asymmetrical system that classified human types into “races” and “nations”: whites on top, blacks at the bottom, Indians and Asians somewhere in the middle. It is less well known, however, that the various forms that European colonization assumed in different locales often shook up this taxonomy. Under these circumstances, individuals of mixed heritage who did not fit within the original classificatory system were either turned into “aberrations” or simply had an indisputable invisibility imposed upon them.
Spanish to English: refinery instrumentation text
Source text - Spanish 2. INSTRUMENTACIÓN DE CAMPO
2.1. Los instrumentos cumplirán con las especificaciones de diseño de Repsol YPF. En el Anexo 1 se listan los
suministradores recomendados por Repsol YPF. El empleo de un suministrador fuera de esta lista de
suministradores será solicitado por el contratista con antelación, y necesitará la autorización expresa de Repsol YPF
El cumplimiento de lo anterior es de aplicación asimismo, para las unidades paquetes.
2.2. De acuerdo con la directiva ATEX, el modo de protección de instrumentos tanto para zonas clasificadas como no clasificadas será Seguridad intrínseca.
a. Dispondrán de su correspondiente certificado, cumpliendo debidamente los requerimientos de las Directivas ATEX 100 y ATEX 137.
b. Para los instrumentos de campo, se preverán siempre aisladores galvánicos a instalar en la entrada a los
equipos de control o de enclavamientos, independientemente de que los instrumentos estén ubicadas en zona clasificada o zona segura. Los armarios del SC y PLC estarán siempre situados en zonas segura.
2.3. Todos los transmisores que pertenezcan a un lazo de control, o que se pidan ex profeso en los P&IDs, llevarán un indicador independiente para montaje remoto, visible desde la válvula de by-pass de la válvula de control. El resto de transmisores llevarán un indicador integrado en el propio transmisor, excepto los transmisores de nivel de torres o equipos elevados, que también llevarán indicador con montaje remoto para instalación al nivel del suelo, al pie de la torre o equipo (PENDIENTE por parte de operación Repsol)
Nota: El circuito estará diseñado de forma que si se desconecta el indicador, el transmisor seguirá funcionando.
2.4. Todos los instrumentos deben ser mantenibles mediante una plataforma fija o en su defecto móvil. Para este último caso, se pasará consulta previa para autorización de Repsol YPF.
2.5. Los instrumentos electrónicos analógicos de campo (transmisores, posicionadores, etc.) serán del tipo inteligente con protocolo digital HART. En los sistemas SC, ESD se preverán:
a. Aisladores transparentes a la señal HART.
b. FTAs en los controladores HPM y PLC´s apropiados para extraer la señal HART.
c. Multiplexores.
d. Servidor de AMS.
/4/ El sistema de F&G, los detectores no disponen de protocolo HART por lo que los detectores no se integrarán en el sistema AMS, ni se preveerán multiplexoras en los armarmios para extraer esta señal hacia AMS, no obstante, se analizará si algún elemento contectado al sistema F&G dispone de protocolo HART se consultará a Repsol YPF como proceder.
Translation - English 2. FIELD INSTRUMENTATION
2.1. The instruments will meet Repsol YPF design specifications. Annex 1 lists the suppliers recommended by Repsol YPF. The contractor must make a request in advance to use a supplier not on this list of suppliers, and this will require the express authorization of Repsol YPF.
Compliance with the above also applies to package units.
2.2. According to the ATEX directive, the type of protection for instruments, as well as for areas classified as hazardous, will be Intrinsic Safety.
a. The corresponding certificate shall be available, duly fulfilling the requirements of the ATEX 100 and ATEX 137 Directives.
b. For field instruments, galvanic isolators shall always be provided, installed at the input to the control or equipment or interlocks, regardless of whether instruments are located in a classified or safe area. The CS and PLC cabinets shall always located in safe areas.
2.3. All transmitters that are part of a control loop, or expressly called for in the P & IDs, shall have an independent indicator for remote installation, visible from the control valve by-pass valve. All other transmitters shall have a built-in indicator in the transmitter itself, except tower-level transmitters or elevated equipment, which shall also have a remotely installed indicator for installation at ground level, at the foot of the tower or equipment (PENDING Repsol operations division)
Note: The circuit shall be designed so that if you disconnect the guage, the transmitter will continue to operate.
2.4. All instruments must be supported by a fixed base, or else a mobile platform. In the latter case, it shall undergo prior consultation with Repsol YPF for authorization.
2.5. The electronic analog field instruments (transmitters, positioners, etc.) shall be "smart" type, with HART digital protocol. In the CS systems, ESD will provide:
a. Insulators that are transparent to the HART signal.
b. FTAs in the HPM controllers and PLCs appropriate for extracting the HART signal.
c. Multiplexers.
d. AMS server.
/4\ In the F& G system, the detectors will not use HART protocol, which means that the detectors will not be integrated into the AMS system, nor will multiplexers be provided in the cabinets for extracting this signal for the AMS; however, it will be determined whether any elements connected to the F&G have HART protocol, and Repsol YPF will be consulted concerning how to proceed.
Spanish to English: telecom contract specs
Source text - Spanish 7. Interfaz Campaign manager SAS (CM)
1. Integración al CM
La plataforma debe integrarse con el sistema campaign manager de SAS, en servicio en Telecom personal. Dicha plataforma es la encargada de generar las bases de target que se utilizan en las campañas y de procesar los resultados de las mismas.
2. Descripción del proceso.
La plataforma para desarrollo de oferta, una vez obtenido el target para una campaña extraído del CM, tendrá en cuenta lo siguiente:
• Enviar la lista de los clientes que serán contactados, a los canales responsables por la distribución de los mensajes o llamadas, previa programación de los tiempos de ejecución de cada campaña
• Reservar de los recursos necesarios para la misma según lo indicado en capítulos anteriores.
• Programar el acuse de recibo para los mensajes enviados, que será como máximo de 7 horas y debe proveer la realimentación hacia el CM.
• Ejecutar campañas recurrentes según la frecuencia que indique el CM.
La figura debajo muestra el diagrama de interconexión con la plataforma campaign manager para el proceso de campañas de marketing.
3. Bases de target
a) Las bases serán utilizadas por las campañas de broadcast.
b) Consistirán en archivos de texto plano.
4. Intercambio de archivos de campañas
a) La integración entre los canales de comunicación de Telecom Personal y la solución TIS Campaign Management será realizada a través de exportación e importación de archivos de texto (*.txt) con formatos predefinidos, mediante ftp o sftp, de manera automática y evitando que se sobre-escriban.
b) En caso de disponer de otros protocolos o métodos de transferencia, especificar cuales son y dar detalles del mismo.
5. Formato Input
Esta definición será utilizada para generar los archivos de las comunicaciones con los canales.
Padrón del nombre archivo: .txt
Subject asociado: Contrato
Formato del archivo: Archivo texto con separador |
Local de grabación del archivo: A definir
Ordenación de los registros No
Incluir rótulos de las variables en el archivo: No
Detalle
Campo Descripción Tipo Formato
Campaign_CD Código único de la campaña Carácter
Communication_CD Código identidad de una comunicación Carácter
Comm_Occur_ID Número de la ocurrencia de la comunicación Numérico
Subs_ID Código identidad de un contrato Numérico
Teléfono Número del teléfono del cliente (con o sin ddd) Numérico
Canal Identificador del canal de broadcast a utilizar Carácter
Remitente Numero corto o alfanumérico del remitente alfanumérico
Translation - English 1 AS CAMPAIGN MANAGER INTERFACE (CM)
1.1.1 Integration with CM
The platform must be integrated with the SAS campaign manager system used by Telecom Personal. This platform is what generates the target databases that are used in the campaign and the processes that it entails.
1.1.2 Description of the process.
The platform to develop the offer, once the campaign target has been extracted from the CM, must take the following into account:
• Send a list of the clients who will be contacted to the channels responsible for the distribution of the messages or calls, according to the schedule of execution times for each campaign
• Reserve the necessary resources for this according to the indications in the previous chapters.
• Schedule the acknowledgement of receipt for messages sent, which will be within 7 hours and must allow for feedback into the CM.
• Execute repeat campaigns according to the frequency that the CM indicates.
The figure below shows a diagram of the interconnection with the campaign manager platform for the marketing campaign process.
1.1.3 Target databases
a) Databases will be used for broadcast campaigns.
b) They will consist of plain text files.
1.1.4 Exchange of campaign files
a) The integration between the Telecom Personal communication channels and the TIS Campaign Management solution will be made by means of importing and exporting text files (*.txt) with predefined formats, through ftp or sftp, in an automated fashion that prevents files from being overwritten.
b) If there are other transfer protocols or methods, specify what they are and provide details about them.
1.1.5 Input Format
This definition will be used to generate the files for communication with the channels.
Pattern for the filename: .txt
Associated topic: Contract
File format: Text file separated by |
File write address: To be specified
Entries sorted No
Include letters of the variables in the file: No
DETAILS
Field Description Type Format
Campaign_CD Unique code of the campaign Character
Communication_CD ID code of a communication Character
Comm_Occur_ID Communication occurrence number Numeric
Subs_ID ID code of a contract Numeric
Telephone Telephone number of client (with or without ddd) Numeric
Channel Identifier of broadcast channel to be used Character
Sender Short number or alphanumeric code of sender alphanumeric
Portuguese to English: radar and surveillance system
Source text - Portuguese 2. Respostas
De acordo com o pedido expresso pelo MAI, o Agrupamento elaborou o conjunto de
esclarecimentos que se segue, tentando garantir a melhor legibilidade ao conjunto Proposta
mais Esclarecimentos aqui efectuados.
2.1 Questão 1
Especifique em que parágrafo da proposta se encontram os dados que permitem verificar o cumprimento do
Requisito constante do Ponto 4.1.5.1, (V) alínea f), do Caderno de Encargos - Anexo I Especificações Técnicas
(Resolução do radar em Azimute)
Confirma-se que a solução apresentada cumpre o requisito enunciado no Documento 4
“Postos de Observação Tipo I (Contentorizado)” na página 26 Tabela 10, é referida a
exactidão da largura horizontal do feixe da antena radar, sendo o valor nominal de 0.4º a -
3dB. Outros parâmetros adicionais para verificar o cumprimento dos requisitos no que
concerne a detecção de embarcações podem ser encontrados na tabela da página 1.4 do
anexo F1 "25Kw Transceiver (304221P001 Rev.B)", ao Documento 4, o qual demonstra
que pode ser alcançada uma resolução a 400 metros utilizando durações de pulso
nominais.
2.2 Questão 2
Especifique em que parágrafo da proposta se encontram os dados que permitem verificar o cumprimento, alínea
por alínea, dos Requisitos constantes do Ponto 4.1.5.1, (V) alínea h), III do Caderno de Encargos - Anexo I
especificações Técnicas (Iniciação da track)
Relativamente ao requisito apresentado no Caderno de Encargos, Anexo I Especificações
Técnicas - 4.1.5.1 (V), h) III a), a solução apresentada cumpre o requisito enunciado. A
iniciação manual da track é fornecida através da interface CORBA, que se encontra
descrita na página 90 do Documento 3 "Subsistema de Detecção e Identificação".
Relativamente ao requisito apresentado no Caderno de Encargos, Anexo I Especificações
Técnicas - 4.1.5.1 (V), h) III b) e c), a solução apresentada cumpre o requisito enunciado.
Informação complementar relativamente ao cumprimento destes requisitos está disponível
nas páginas 88, 89 e 90 do Documento 3 "Subsistema de Detecção e Identificação".
Translation - English 2.1 QUESTION 1
Specify what paragraph of the proposal contains the data that allow verification of the fulfilment of the Requirement stated in Point 4.1.5.1, (V) line f), of the Contract Specifications – Annex I Technical Specifications
(Radar’s azimuth resolution)
Page 26, Table 10 states that the solution presented fulfils the requirements listed in Document 4 “Type I Observation Posts (Containerized),” and refers to the precision of the horizontal length of the antenna radar beam, with a nominal value of 0.4º to -3dB. Other additional parameters to verify the fulfilment of the requirements concerning the detection of vessels can be found in the table on page 1.4 of annex F1 "25Kw Transceiver (304221P001 Rev.B)", in Document 4, which shows that it can achieve a resolution of 400 meters using nominal pulse durations.
2.2 QUESTION 2
Specify what paragraph of the proposal contains the data that allow verification of the fulfilment of the Requirement stated in Point 4.1.5.1, (V) line h), III of the Contract Specifications – Annex I
Technical specifications (Track initiation)
With respect to the requirement presented in the Contract Specifications, Annex I Technical Specifications - 4.1.5.1 (V), h) III a), the solution shown fulfils the stated requirement. Manual track initiation is supplied by means of the CORBA interface, which is described on page 90 of Document 3, "Detection and Identification Subsystem ".
With respect to the requirement presented in the Contract Specifications, Annex I Technical Specifications - 4.1.5.1 (V), h) III b) and c), the solution shown fulfils the stated requirement. Additional information with respect to the fulfilment of these requirements is available on pages 88, 89 and 90 of Document 3, "Detection and Identification Subsystem".
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20 years of experience in Spanish, 3 years of residence in Latin America.
Specialist in engineering and construction, social sciences and humanities, as well as general translation
Construction, civil engineering, oil and gas, HVAC, control systems, mechanical and industrial engineering, networking and telecom, government contracting.
Basically, if it involves something (water, oil, electricity, data, sewage, heat, cars) flowing through something else (pipes, cables, wires, ducts, raceways, roadways, or even through thin air!), I'd love to translate it for you.
10 years' professional experience as English- and Spanish-language editor and proofreader.
PhD in anthropology, extensive education in sociology and history, familiar with psychology and philosophy
Undergraduate degree in creative writing and award-winning poet
Tenacious researcher of technical and specialized terminology.
Also available for Spanish- and English-language editing, proofreading, rewriting, and transcription.
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Llevo 20 años de aprendizaje/experiencia en español, con 3 años de residencia en América Latina.
Especialista en ingeniería y construcción, las ciencias sociales y las humanidades, mas traducción en general
Construcción, ingeniería civil, petróleo/gas, climatización, sistemas de control, ingeniería mecánica e industrial, redes electrónicas y telecomunicaciones, contratos/licitaciones, etc.
Si se trata de algo (sea agua, petróleo, electricidad, datos, aguas residuales, el calor, los autos) que fluye por otra cosa (tuberías, cables, cables, conductos, canales, carreteras, o incluso por el aire!), me encantaría para traducirlo para Usted.
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