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Freelance translator and/or interpreter, Verified member
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Spanish to English - Rates: 0.06 - 0.10 EUR per word / 24 - 35 EUR per hour Catalan to English - Rates: 0.06 - 0.10 EUR per word / 24 - 35 EUR per hour
Source text - Spanish Con respecto a la transferencia genética, señaló que, aunque se han superado numerosas dificultades, todavía persisten serias limitaciones, y que entre los diversos sistemas probados hasta la fecha, los mejores son los que emplean vectores virales. Sin embargo, comentó un problema: que los vectores virales eficaces en lo que se refiere a la entrega del ácido nucleico a la célula receptora desencadenan, por otro lado, respuestas inmunológicas que repercuten de forma adversa en la longevidad y magnitud de la expresión del transgén. Este problema es especialmente acusado en el caso de los vectores adenovirales, en los que la activación inmune se manifiesta en forma de un estado inflamatorio intenso. Por el contrario, esta reacción es mínima cuando se emplean vectores retrovirales o de virus adenoasociados (AAV), pero en estos casos la inmunidad preexistente hacia estos vectores compromete tanto la entrega del transgén como la persistencia duradera de las células que lo reciben (células diana).
Translation - English With regard to gene transfer, he noted that although numerous difficulties have been overcome, there are still serious limitations, and that among the diverse systems tested so far, the best are those that use viral vectors. However, according to the speaker, there is a problem: viral vectors that are effective in delivering nucleic acid to recipient cells also elicit immune responses that adversely effect the longevity and magnitude of transgene expression. This problem is most acute with adenoviral vectors, where immune activation can lead to a severe inflammatory state. By contrast, the reaction is minimal when retroviral or adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are used, but in these cases, pre-existing immunity to the vectors compromises both transgene delivery and the long-term persistence of the receiving cells (target cells).
Adobe Acrobat, memoQ, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Powerpoint, SDL TRADOS
Bio
Medical: including pharmaceutical reports, medical reports, articles for journals and conference reports, especially in the fields of cancer and blood disorders, cardiology.Technical: especially industrial applications.Business: company literature, auditors reports.Academic articles: history, social sciences.Over 20 years' experience in Barcelona working closely with:Doctors, hospitals and pharmaceutical companies
Member since Nov '09
