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Source text - Spanish El mesencéfalo es el segmento más alto del tronco del encéfalo y conecta el puente troncoencefálico o puente de Varolio y el cerebelo con el diencéfalo. Su eje longitudinal se inclina hacia adelante y los pedúnculos se alejan de la línea media en su ascenso por el foramen de Pacchioni para penetrar en el hemisferio cerebral correspondiente. El límite con el puente troncoencefálico está bien definido por el surco pontomensencefálico y el límite superior está determinado por las cintillas ópticas. Está atravesado por un conducto estrecho, el acueducto de Silvio (acueducto cerebral), ocupado por líquido cefalorraquídeo. Está integrado por el tectum (techo) que se localiza en la porción dorsal del mesencéfalo, y el tegmentum (tegmento) que es la porción del mesencéfalo situada debajo del tectum. Incluye en el extremo rostral de la formación reticular, varios núcleos que controlan los movimientos oculares, la materia gris periacueductual (constituida por cuerpos celulares de neuronas), el núcleo rojo y la sustancia negra que son componentes importantes del sistema motor.
Translation - English Being the uppermost part of the brain stem, the mesencephalon connects the pons of the brainstem or pons Varolii and the cerebellum with the diencephalon. Its longitudinal axis leans forward and its peduncles ascend from the medial line towards the foramen of Pacchioni to go into the respective cerebral hemisphere. The pontomesencephalic sulcus determines the inferior limit with the pons of the brainstem and the optical fibers determine the superior limit. The aqueduct of Sylvius (cerebral aqueduct) is a narrow canal filled with cerebrospinal fluid which runs through the mesencephalon. The tectum (roof) is located in the dorsal side of the mesencephalon, and the tegmentum is located under the tectum. The tegmentum contains several nuclei which control ocular movements and are placed within the rostral part of the reticular formation; it also contains the periaqueductual gray -conformed by neuron cell bodies-, the red nucleus and the substantia nigra, these being important components of the motor system.
English to Spanish: Corneal Graft Failure
Source text - English Graft rejection refers to the specific immunologic response of the host to the donor corneal tissue. As it is a specific process, it should be distinguished from other causes of graft failure that are not immune mediated. A corneal graft that has suffered this immunologic response may or may not ultimately fail. Some physicians distinguish between graft reaction, which is reversible with medical therapy, and graft rejection, in which the immunologic end stage has been reached and the process is irreversible. Other physicians simply use graft rejection to refer to this immunologic process at any stage of its development, noting that some cases will progress to graft failure because of rejection.
Translation - Spanish El rechazo al injerto consiste en la respuesta inmunológica específica del paciente al tejido corneal donante. Al ser un proceso específico, se lo debería distinguir de las causas no inmunes que provocan transplantes fallidos. Un transplante de córnea que sufra tal respuesta inmunológica puede resultar fallido o no. Algunos médicos hacen una distinción entre la reacción al injerto, que es reversible con tratamiento médico, y el rechazo al injerto, que alcanza la etapa inmunológica final y cuyo proceso es irreversible. Otros profesionales simplemente utilizan el término rechazo al injerto para referirse a este proceso inmunológico en cualquier etapa de desarrollo y señalan que algunos casos resultarán en transplantes fallidos debido al rechazo.
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