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Limbile de lucru:
din engleză în franceză
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din engleză în franceză: Abstract of a thesis General field: Ştiinţe Sociale Detailed field: Religie
Text sursă - engleză Research surrounding questions regarding cultic behaviors, leadership and issues of sectarian violence has lead to the study of charismatic leadership. However, prominent cultic scholars have identified that there remains a rather large void in research when analyzing charismatic leadership within the context of sectarian groups and new religious movements. This thesis will attempt to bridge that gap through a historical case study analysis of a 16th century protestant reformation group, the Anabaptist Kingdom of Münster (AKM), under the influence of a charismatic leader. More specifically, this research will focus on the various means utilized by the group’s leader, Jan van Leiden, to establish charismatic leadership and how this affected the group’s recourse to acts of violence. Four current theoretical concepts on cultic behavior and violence were applied to this particular historical case study of the AKM, using two primary source accounts from participants in the events that unfolded in Münster during Leiden’s reign. The application of these theories to the cultic group being analyzed led to the identification of four major strategies utilized by Jan van Leiden to establish charismatic leadership over his followers: (1) the threat of millenarianism, (2) the exploitation of a bilateral parasitic relationship between leader and followers, (3) the use of religious ecstasy and prophecy, and (4) the use of the followers’ desire for social and religious change. In addition to these four strategies, three other dimensions were identified as contributing to the recourse to violence in the AKM as a result of the Leiden’s establishment of charismatic leadership: (1) violence tied to millennialism, (2) the notion of a shared identity and violence, and (3) systemic, physical and cultural factors leading to violence.
Keywords (English):
Anabaptism, Violence, Cults, New Religious Movements, Charisma, Charismatic Authority, Charismatic Leadership, Jan van Leiden, Millenarianism, Apocalypticism
Traducere - franceză La recherche sur les questions touchant aux comportements cultuels, à l’autorité et à la violence sectaire a mené à l’étude de l’autorité charismatique. Néanmoins, d’éminents spécialistes du culte ont déterminé qu’il demeure un vide assez important dans la recherche sur l’analyse de l’autorité charismatique dans le contexte de groupes sectaires et de nouveaux mouvements religieux. Cette thèse tentera de combler ces lacunes par une étude de cas historique d’un groupe de réforme protestant du XVIe siècle, le Royaume anabaptiste de Münster, sous l’influence d’un chef charismatique. Cette recherche s’intéressera plus spécifiquement aux divers moyens utilisés par le chef du groupe, Jan van Leiden, pour asseoir son autorité charismatique et à la façon dont ces moyens ont influencé le recours à des actes de violence. Quatre concepts théoriques actuels concernant le comportement cultuel et la violence ont été appliqués à cette étude de cas historique du Royaume anabaptiste de Münster, à partir de deux sources primaires de faits relatés par des participants aux événements qui se sont déroulés à Münster pendant le règne de Leiden. L’application de ces théories au groupe cultuel analysé a mené à l’identification de quatre principales stratégies utilisées par Jan van Leiden pour établir son autorité charismatique auprès de ses disciples : 1) la menace du millénarisme, 2) l’exploitation d’une relation bilatérale parasitique entre le chef et ses disciples, 3) l’utilisation de l’extase religieuse et de la prophétie, 4) l’utilisation du désir des disciples de voir survenir des changements sociaux et religieux. En plus de ces quatre stratégies, trois autres dimensions ont été retenues comme signes que le recours à la violence dans le Royaume anabaptiste de Münster résultait de l’établissement de l’autorité charismatique de Leiden : 1) la violence liée au millénarisme, 2) la notion d’identité et de violence partagée, 3) des facteurs systémiques, physiques et culturels menant à la violence.
Mots-clés (français) :
Anabaptisme, Violence, Cultes, Nouveaux mouvements religieux, Charisme, Autorité charismatique, Chef charismatique, Jan van Leiden, Millénarisme, Apocalyptique
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