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English to Turkish: Impact of Bacterial Metabolites on Gut Barrier Function and Host Immunity General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical (general)
Source text - English Impact of Bacterial Metabolites on Gut Barrier Function and Host Immunity: A Focus on Bacterial Metabolism and Its Relevance for Intestinal Inflammation
Abstract
The diverse and dynamic microbial community of the human gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in health, with gut microbiota supporting the development and function of the gut immune barrier.
Crosstalk between microbiota-gut epithelium and the gut immune system determine the individual health status, and any crosstalk disturbance may lead to chronic intestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and celiac disease.
Microbiota-derived metabolites are crucial mediators of host-microbial interactions. Some beneficially affect host physiology such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids.
Also, tryptophan catabolites determine immune responses, such as through binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR is abundantly present at mucosal surfaces and when activated enhances intestinal epithelial barrier function as well as regulatory immune responses.
Exogenous diet-derived indoles (tryptophan) are a major source of endogenous AhR ligand precursors and together with SCFAs and secondary bile acids regulate inflammation by lowering stress in epithelium and gut immunity, and in IBD, AhR expression is downregulated together with tryptophan metabolites.
Here, we present an overview of host microbiota-epithelium- gut immunity crosstalk and review how microbial-derived metabolites contribute to host immune homeostasis. Also, we discuss the therapeutic potential of bacterial catabolites for IBD and celiac disease and how essential dietary components such as dietary fibers and bacterial tryptophan catabolites may contribute to intestinal and systemic homeostasis.
Keywords: SCFAs; bacterial metabolites; dietary fiber; gut immune barrier; gut microbiota; inflammation; secondary bile acids; tryptophan.
Translation - Turkish Bakteriyel Metabolitlerin, Bağırsak Bariyer İşlevi ve Konak Bağışıklığı üzerindeki Etkisi: Bakteriyel Metabolizma ve Bağırsak İnflamasyonu ile İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Odaklanma
Özet
İnsan gastrointestinal yolunun çeşitli ve dinamik mikrobiyal topluluğu, sağlık için hayati bir rol oynar. Bağırsak mikrobiyotası, bağırsak bağışıklık bariyerinin gelişimini ve işlevini destekler.
Mikrobiyota-bağırsak epitelyumu ve bağırsak bağışıklık sistemi arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşim, bireysel sağlık durumunu belirler ve herhangi bir karşılıklı etkileşim bozukluğu, iltihaplı bağırsak hastalıkları ve çölyak hastalığı gibi kronik bağırsak rahatsızlıklarına yol açabilir.
Mikrobiyota kaynaklı metabolitler, konak-mikrobiyal etkileşimlerin önemli aracılarıdır. Kısa zincirli yağ asitleri (KZYA'lar) ve ikincil safra asitleri gibi bazıları konak fizyolojisini faydalı bir şekilde etkiler.
Ayrıca triptofan katabolitleri, aril hidrokarbon reseptörüne (AhR) bağlanma gibi yollarla bağışıklık tepkilerini belirler. AhR mukozal yüzeylerde bol miktarda bulunur ve aktive edildiği takdirde bağırsak epitel bariyer fonksiyonunu ve düzenleyici bağışıklık tepkilerini de geliştirir.
Eksojen diyet kaynaklı indoller (triptofan), endojen AhR ligand öncüllerinin ana kaynağıdır. KZYA'lar ve ikincil safra asitleri ile birlikte epitel ve bağırsak bağışıklığında stresi azaltarak inflamasyonu düzenler. İltihaplı bağırsak hastalıklarında, AhR ekspresyonu ve triptofan metabolitleri down regüle edilir.
Burada, konak mikrobiyota-epitelyum-bağırsak bağışıklığı çapraz ilişkisine genel bir bakış sunmakta ve mikrobiyal kaynaklı metabolitlerin, konak bağışıklık homeostazına nasıl katkıda bulunduğunu gözden geçirmekteyiz. Ayrıca bakteriyel katabolitlerin, iltihaplı bağırsak hastalıkları ve çölyak hastalığı için terapötik potansiyelini ve diyet lifleri ve bakteriyel triptofan katabolitleri gibi temel diyet bileşenlerinin bağırsak ve sistemik homeostaza nasıl katkıda bulunabileceğini ele alıyoruz.
English to Turkish (Izmir University of Economics Department of English Translation and Interpretation) Turkish to English (Izmir University of Economics International Relations and EU)
Language has always been a delightful source of entertainment for me! There’s nothing quite like the joy I feel when diving into the complexities of a given language. This passion for languages has led me to some truly remarkable experiences, even from a young age. I've had the incredible opportunity to interview Morgan Freeman and facilitate a meeting between then UN President Ban Ki-Moon and the Mayor of Istanbul.
However, if you ask me, my most rewarding experience as a translator/interpreter has been helping patients in hospitals. Imagine arriving at a hospital in a foreign country, worried and unable to communicate. I was there, ready and confident, to assist with everything from doctor consultations to the tedious insurance procedures. It was incredibly fulfilling to be a reassuring presence during such stressful times.
Everything I do in life, I do with passion and wholehearted dedication, especially when it comes to subjects that truly inspire me. The human body and mind, and human beings in general, never cease to amaze me. The invaluable work of scientists becomes even more significant when their discoveries reach a wider audience. That’s precisely why I do what I do—making crucial information accessible to anyone interested is what drives me. And I never stop learning.
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