Non-PRO English to Spanish Other Education / Pedagogy Education

The social indicators approach assumes that outcomes can be measured by changes in indicators. On the other hand, self-report strategies assume that citizens understand their needs, but that decision makers may not. Thus, the self-report approach involves self-reported needs assessments (citizen committees, public hearings, forums, public records, focus groups, surveys, etc.)

For subjective indicators, data are collected through self-report processes by program participants themselves and/or others who may be affected by a program.