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English to Spanish: Finished model reproduction General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Automotive / Cars & Trucks
Source text - English The finished model was reproduced. The rough model with overlays for subsequent machining, cores and flaskless moulds were all reproduced for casting simulations and then the actual casting.
Translation - Spanish Se reprodujo el modelo terminado. Se reprodujo el modelo en bruto con superposiciones para su mecanizado posterior, así como también se reprodujeron los núcleos y moldes sin cajas, para poder realizar simulaciones de fundición previas a la fundición real.
English to Spanish: FUEL CELLS BASICS General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Energy / Power Generation
Source text - English FUEL CELL BASICS
A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity through an electrochemical reaction, not combustion. In a fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen are combined to generate electricity, heat, and water. Fuel cells are used today in a range of applications, from providing power to homes and businesses, keeping critical facilities like hospitals, grocery stores, and data centers up and running, and moving a variety of vehicles including cars, buses, trucks, forklifts, trains, and more.
Fuel cell systems are a clean, efficient, reliable, and quiet source of power. Fuel cells do not need to be periodically recharged like batteries, but instead continue to produce elec-tricity as long as a fuel source is provided.
A fuel cell is composed of an anode, cathode, and an electrolyte membrane. A typical fuel cell works by passing hydrogen through the anode of a fuel cell and oxygen through the cathode. At the anode site, a catalyst splits the hydrogen molecules into electrons and protons. The protons pass through the porous electrolyte membrane, while the electrons are forced through a circuit, generating an electric current and excess heat. At the cath-ode, the protons, electrons, and oxygen combine to produce water molecules. As there are no moving parts, fuel cells operate silently and with extremely high reliability.
Due to their chemistry, fuel cells are very clean. Fuel cells that use pure hydrogen fuel are completely carbon-free, with their only byproducts being electricity, heat, and water. Some types of fuel cell systems are capable of using hydrocarbon fuels like natural gas, biogas, methanol, and others. Because fuel cells generate electricity through chemistry rather than combustion, they can achieve much higher efficiencies than traditional energy pro-duction methods such as steam turbines and internal combustion engines. To push the efficiency even higher, a fuel cell can be coupled with a combined heat and power system that uses the cell’s waste heat for heating or cooling applications.
Fuel cells are also scalable. This means that individual fuel cells can be joined with one another to form stacks. In turn, these stacks can be combined into larger systems. Fuel cell systems vary greatly in size and power, from combustion engine replacements for electric vehicles to large-scale, multi-megawatt installations providing electricity directly to the utility grid.
Listed below are a few of the most commonly used fuel cells and the characteristics that make them unique.
Translation - Spanish FUNDAMENTOS DE LAS PILAS DE COMBUSTIBLE
Una pila de combustible es un aparato que genera electricidad mediante una reacción electroquímica, no de combustión. En ella el hidrógeno y el oxígeno se combinan para producir electricidad, calor y agua. Las pilas de combustible tienen hoy día numerosas aplicaciones: generar energía para hogares y empresas, asegurar el funcionamiento continuo de establecimientos esenciales tales como hospitales, tiendas de alimentación y centros de datos e impulsar una gran variedad de vehículos, incluyendo automóviles, autobuses, camiones, carretillas elevadoras, trenes, y otras muchas más aplicaciones.
Las pilas de combustible son fuentes de energía limpias, eficientes, fiables y silenciosas. Al contrario que las baterías, no necesitan ser recargadas periódicamente, sino que continúan produciendo electricidad mientras se las alimente con combustible.
Una pila de combustible se compone de un ánodo, un cátodo y una membrana electrolítica. Una unidad típica funciona haciendo pasar hidrógeno a través del ánodo y oxígeno a través del cátodo. En el ánodo, un catalizador divide las moléculas de hidrógeno en electrones y protones. Los protones atraviesan la membrana electrolítica porosa, mientras que se fuerza a los electrones a circular por un circuito, produciendo así una corriente eléctrica y exceso de calor. Los protones, electrones y el oxígeno se combinan en el cátodo para producir moléculas de agua. Dado que no existen partes móviles, las pilas de combustible operan en silencio y con una fiabilidad extremadamente alta.
Debido a su química, las pilas de combustible son muy limpias. Las unidades que utilizan hidrógeno puro como combustible están absolutamente libres de carbono, siendo la electricidad, el agua y el calor los únicos subproductos. Algunos tipos de pilas son capaces de utilizar hidrocarburos como combustibles, tales como el gas natural, el biogas, el metanol y otros. Debido a que las pilas de combustible producen electricidad por medio de la química y no de la combustión, pueden alcanzar eficiencias mucho mayores que las de los métodos tradicionales de generación de energía, tales como las turbinas de vapor y los motores de combustión interna. Para incrementar aún más su eficiencia, se puede acoplar una pila de combustible con un sistema combinado calor-potencia, que utilice el calor residual producido en la pila para aplicarlo en operaciones de calentamiento o enfriamiento.
Las pilas de combustible también son escalables. Esto significa que se pueden unir pilas individuales para formar bloques. A su vez, dichos bloques pueden combinarse para formar sistemas de mayor tamaño. El tamaño y potencia de estos sistemas es muy variable, desde unidades para remplazar motores de combustión en vehículos eléctricos, hasta sistemas a gran escala como instalaciones multi-megavatio que alimentan directamente a las redes eléctricas públicas.
Abajo aparecen listadas unas cuantas pilas de combustible de las más comúnmente utilizadas, así como las características que las hacen únicas.
Ventajas a primera vista:
• Emisiones de bajas a cero
• Alta eficiencia
• Fiabilidad
• Flexibilidad en combustibles
• Seguridad energética
• Durabilidad
• Escalables
• Operación silenciosa
English to Spanish: CAD Systems General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: IT (Information Technology)
Source text - English About Accessing the Feature-Level Information of CAD Models
Just as you designate model parameters as Project Manager attributes of CAD Documents, you can designate the model objects of CAD parts and assemblies such as features, surfaces, and annotations to access the feature-level information that is embedded in the CAD models
You can also use this information to establish Bill of Materials (BOMs) or contribute to BOMs in Project Manager and associate the model data with additional information stored in Project Manager.
You can use the BOM information to generate Part structure.
The Part may be a library part or may be specific to the CAD file.
You can also designate CAD features as BOM components to build Parts.
The feature-level information can include manufacturing and GD&T (Geometric Dimension and Tolerance) details, drawing and surface finish notes, annotations, weld symbols, and so on.
The designation of model objects map to appropriate data types and attributes in Project Manager that expose the information of features such as planes, protrusions, datums, shells, surfaces, edges, and various annotation elements in Project Manager.
While the designated model parameters allow you to search and locate CAD data only by attributes such as model name, number, description, and other parameters, the designated model objects allow you to search and retrieve CAD data based on the information embedded in the annotation elements and model features.
For example, when you designate annotation elements containing manufacturing information and check in the CAD models with the designated annotations to Project Manager, the annotation elements and all associated parameters automatically map to appropriate attributes in Project Manager.
You can then access these attributes to view the manufacturing information that is embedded in the CAD models in Project Manager.
You can search for the manufacturing assemblies and CAD models by this information.
You can also associate this information with a manufacturing requirement and design intent.
A manufacturing process operation can also search for the manufacturing information and reference this information to communicate the instructions to downstream processes or associate the information with a machining requirement.
Direct access to information such as tolerances, surface finish, and drawing notes is especially useful in the planning of downstream manufacturing processes and the search and reuse of existing data.
About Associating Parts and Documents
The automatic association attempts to link a CAD document containing a part or an assembly and the Part by an owner or SAR Link if the Part is not already associated by an owner association to any CAD document.
If the CAD document is that of a drawing, the system searches for a model for the drawing in the database and creates a Content link between the model and the drawing when the model is found.
After you associate Parts with all CAD documents in an assembly, you can see the association; however, Uses links between the Parts will not be visible until after check in, when the Project Manager build rule constructs the Uses links.
Translation - Spanish Sobre Acceder a la Información del Nivel-Función de los Modelos CAD
De igual forma que designa los parámetros del modelo como atributos de Project Manager de documentos CAD, puede también designar los objetos modelo de elementos y conjuntos CAD tales como funciones, superficies y anotaciones para acceder a la información del nivel-función que está integrada con los modelos CAD
Puede también utilizar esta información para crear Listas de Materiales (Bill of Materials, BOMs) o bien puede contribuir a estas Listas de Materiales BOM en Project Manager y asociar los datos del modelo con información adicional almacenada en Project Manager.
Puede utilizar la información de las Listas de Materiales BOM para generar la estructura de los Elementos.
El Elemento puede ser un elemento de la biblioteca o bien puede ser un elemento específico al fichero CAD.
También puede designar funciones CAD como componentes BOM para así construir Elementos.
La información del nivel-función puede incluir: detalles de fabricación y de Dimensión Geométrica y Tolerancia, GD&T (Geometric Dimension and Tolerance, GD&T), notas sobre acabado de planos y superficies, anotaciones, símbolos de soldadura y otros más.
La designación de objetos modelo se asigna a los datos y atributos apropiados en Project Manager, que muestra la información de las funciones tal como planos, protuberancias, datums, cubiertas, superficies, bordes y varios elementos anotación en Project Manager.
Mientras los parámetros designados del modelo le permiten buscar y localizar datos CAD solo por los atributos, tales como nombre, número, descripción y otros, los objetos designados del modelo le permiten buscar y recuperar datos CAD en base a la información integrada en los elementos anotación y en las funciones modelo.
Por ejemplo, cuando designa elementos anotación que contienen información sobre fabricación y registra los modelos CAD con las anotaciones designadas en Project Manager, entonces automáticamente los elementos anotación y todos los parámetros asociados se asignan a los atributos adecuados en Project Manager. Entonces puede acceder a estos atributos para visualizar la información de fabricación que está integrada en los modelos CAD en Project Manager
Puede buscar los conjuntos de fabricación y los modelos CAD mediante esta información.
También puede asociar esta información con un requisito de fabricación y un intento de diseño.
Una operación de proceso de fabricación puede también buscar información sobre fabricación y bien referirse a ella para comunicar instrucciones a otros procesos aguas abajo, bien asociar la información con un requisito para el mecanizado.
El acceso directo a la información tal como tolerancias, acabado de superficies y notas de planos resulta especialmente útil tanto para la planificación de procesos de fabricación posteriores como para la búsqueda y reutilización de datos existentes.
Sobre la Asociación de Elementos y Documentos
La asociación automática intenta vincular un documento CAD conteniendo un elemento o un conjunto, con un Elemento mediante un propietario o SAR Link, si el Elemento no se encuentra ya vinculado mediante una asociación propietario con cualquier documento CAD.
Si el documento CAD corresponde al de un plano, el sistema busca en la base de datos un modelo para el plano y, una vez encuentra el modelo, genera un vínculo Content entre dicho modelo y el plano.
Después de que haya asociado los Elementos con todos los documentos CAD en un conjunto, podrá ver la asociación; no obstante, los vínculos Uses entre los Elementos no serán visibles hasta después del registro, cuando la regla de construcción del Project Manager construya los vínculos Uses.
English to Spanish: Oil & Gas - Business General field: Bus/Financial Detailed field: Petroleum Eng/Sci
Source text - English Steam injection
Steam-assisted gravity drainage, which uses parallel horizontal wells such as are planned for many projects in Alberta, is relatively new. Other projects in Alberta produce with a cyclic steam process, in which the same well is both the injector and producer. Production from Cold Lake is increasing and currently is about 140,000 bo/d.
The use of steam for recovering heavy crude started in the 1960s in Venezuela and California. Cyclic steam injection was the initial process used, although many projects, especially in California, were converted to steam floods with dedicated injection and producing wells. California still produces about 280,000 bo/d from steam projects, although this is down from the peak in the mid-1980s of about 480,000 bo/d. Steam has enabled the recovery of several billion barrels of crude from the San Joaquin basin in California.
One of the major steam flood operators in California sees production from its properties continuing to decline—although at 2%/year compared with the 4%/year declines experienced in recent years.
A unit of our company also operates the largest steam flood in the world in the Duri field in Indonesia. Current production is about 200,000 bo/d, compared with a peak of about 300,000 bo/d in the mid-1990s. Prior to the 1985 start of steam flooding in Duri, the field produced about 30,000 bo/d.
Although production in Duri continues to decline, we are initiating a steam flood in North Duri. It expects production in North Duri to peak at 35,000 bo/d after the start-up in 2008. We also are expanding its pilot steam flood in the Partitioned Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.
Another new steam flood in the Middle East is in the Mukhaiza field, Oman. We plan for steam injection to start in 2006. The $3 billion project may include more than 1,800 wells and has a target production of 150,000 bo/d in 2011.
Translation - Spanish Inyección de vapor
El drenaje por gravedad asistido por inyección de vapor, que utiliza pozos horizontales paralelos, tal como está planificado en numerosos proyectos en Alberta, es relativamente nuevo. Existen otros proyectos en Alberta que producen vapor mediante un proceso de vapor cíclico, en el que el mismo pozo es, a la vez, el inyector y el productor. La producción actual de Cold Lake es de cerca de 140,000 bo/d y va en aumento.
La utilización de vapor para la recuperación de crudo pesado comenzó en los sesenta en Venezuela y California. El proceso usado inicialmente fue el de inyección de vapor cíclico, aunque muchos proyectos fueron convertidos a inundación con vapor, con inyección específica y pozos de producción, especialmente en California. La producción de California derivada de proyectos de vapor todavía es hoy día de 280,000 bo/d, si bien es inferior al pico de mediados de los ochenta de cerca de 480,000 bo/d. En la cuenca de San Joaquín, en California, el vapor ha permitido recuperar varios miles de millones de barriles de crudo.
Uno de los mayores operadores de inundación de vapor en California está viendo disminuir continuamente la producción de sus instalaciones —aunque a razón de un 2 %/año comparado con la reducción del 4 %/año experimentada en años recientes—
En el campo de Duri, en Indonesia, una unidad de nuestra compañía también opera la inundación con vapor mayor del mundo. La producción actual es de aproximadamente 200,000 bo/d, comparada con un pico de 300,000 bo/d que producía a mediados de los 90. Antes de comenzar la inundación con vapor en Duri en 1985, el área producía cerca de 30,000 bo/d.
A pesar de que la producción en Duri continúa disminuyendo, estamos comenzando una inundación con vapor en el norte. Está previsto que produzca un pico de 35,000 bo/d tras su puesta en marcha en 2008. Además, estamos expandiendo su inundación de vapor piloto en la zona neutral dividida entre Kuwait y Arabía Saudí.
Otra nueva inundación de vapor en Oriente Medio se sitúa en el campo de Mukhaiza, en Omán. Hemos planificado la puesta en marcha de la inyección de vapor para 2006. El proyecto, de 3,000 millones de dólares, podrá incluir más de 1,800 pozos y se ha fijado un objetivo de producción de 150,000 bo/d para 2011.
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Other - Universiy of Cambridge Endorsment to First Certificate in English: Translation From & Into Spanish
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Years of experience: 21. Registered at ProZ.com: Jul 2022. Became a member: Aug 2022.
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English to Spanish (Cambridge University UK, verified) Spanish to English (Cambridge University UK , verified)
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Get help on technical issues / improve my technical skills
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Other - Contact with Translation Agencies worldwide
Work for non-profits or pro-bono clients
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Bio
I am a bilingual Spanish senior Chemical & Industrial Engineer, also Master of Environmental Engineering and Specialist in Explosive Atmospheres (EU "ATEX" Directives). My English language qualifications include: Cambridge University Proficiency Certificate (equivalent to EU-CEFR level C2); University of Cambridge Endorsement to First Certificate in English: Translation From & Into Spanish; Intermediate Stage Certificate: English for Commerce, London Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
My native language is Spanish but most of the time my natural working language has been technical and scientific English, also having lived in the United States and United Kingdom for long periods of time.
My thirty years long professional career as an Engineer, mostly working for US based multinational companies, has exposed me to many different manufacturing processes relative to a wide variety of industrial areas ─food & drink, automotive, mechanical, construction, plastics, abrasives, pulp & paper, chemical, pharmaceutical, oil & gas, energy, personal care, electrical appliances and batteries, printing, metallurgy, light industry, etc.─
In addition, during 20 years I have been responsible for the translation, mainly from English into Spanish but also from Spanish into English, of a large amount of technical and scientific documentation (manuals and guides, data sheets, papers and lectures, projects and reports, drawings and diagrams, procedures and instructions, publications etc.) and I have also been responsible for the supervision of such translations, including their revision, checking, proofreading and final verification. I also worked as a part-time freelance EN/ES Technical & Scientific Translator for six years while taking my Chemical Engineering degree in Barcelona.
In accordance with my academic and professional engineering backgrounds, my translation specialities are Science, Engineering (Chemical, Electrical, General Industrial & Mechanical), Manufacturing Processes and IT (including the technical and the business/commercial/ marketing sides of these fields):
◦Science: chemistry, physics, pharmacology, biochemistry, thermodynamics, fluid
dynamics, physic-chemical properties of liquids and gases, gels and colloidal
systems, numerical simulation models, atmospheric dispersion modeling, hydrogen
fuel cells, statistics and probability, mathematics etc.
◦Engineering: process control, mass & heat transfer,
chemical reactors, dust collection, filtering, pumping & blowing, hydraulic
systems, printers, spray painting, furnaces & ovens, steam generation,
steam & gas turbines, combined cycle, electrical equipment, gas cleaning
& scrubbing, storage of commodities (including flammable liquids and
gases), fire & explosion protection, process safety, mills & grinders & hammering equipment, conveyors (belt & buckets), load hoppers, steel & aluminum rolling mills, hydraulic presses, CNC lathes and other machining equipment, light metal building design (roof loads, wind loads etc.), roof drainage systems, etc.
◦Manufacturing
Processes: food & drink, automotive,
mechanical, pulp & paper, chemical, pharmaceutical, oil & gas, energy, aabrasives, metallurgy, personal care, electrical appliances and batteries, electrodes, steel,
printing, waste treatment and disposal (municipal & hospital & hazardous industrial &
wastewater), consumer goods, light industry etc.
◦IT: data processing, email systems, computer security, programming, networks (Ethernet, LAN, VLAN, WAN, MAN & VPN), cloud software, hardware, antivirus Apps, operating systems, AI systems, eLearning, ERP Apps, CRM Apps, CAD Apps, groupware, etc.
Documents, texts and materials which I normally translate include: Technical and scientific publications / Patents and
trademarks / Manuals: user, operation, installation, maintenance, programming, training, design, safety etc.
/ Material´s safety data sheets / Risk Assessments / Labeling & Packaging
material / Technical marketing, sales & procurement documentation /
Technical brochures & catalogues / Products, equipment and machinery specifications data
sheets / Projects & Technical Proposals / Drawings, blueprints and diagrams (lay-out, process, P&I, control,
hydraulic, HVAC, electrical, etc.) / Testing Procedures / Quality Assurance
procedures / Tenders / Technical and research reports / Design and studies
guides / Doctoral thesis and final year projects / Papers, lectures and
presentations / Product´s instructions / App´s Manuals & Instructions / Hardware Specs./ Etc.
From 1983 up to 1989 I performed technical EN/ES, and also some ES/EN,
translations on a freelance basis, but I keep no records. I used to translate
manuals, technical brochures & catalogues, technical marketing documents,
materials’ safety data sheets, scientific doctoral thesis and technical final
year projects, and other technical and scientific documents.
From 1990 up to 2010 I performed technical EN/ES, and also some ES/EN,
in-house translations but, again, I keep no records nor references are
available at this time. I used to translate technical reports, projects,
equipment & machinery specifications data sheets, risk assessments, manuals,
drawings, and other technical documents.
In 2011 I started my career as a freelance Engineer and had to stop in 2020
due to the Covid crisis. Given my large technical, scientific and translation
experience, my experience as a freelancer and also given that I have always
felt passionate about linguistics and loved to produce linguistically
impeccable texts and documents, with adequate grammar and syntax and proper
vocabulary, in 2022 I decided to start up again as a professional freelance
technical and scientific online translator.
I
started up my freelance EN/ES online technical & scientific translation
business on July 18th, 2022. From that date up to June 2023, I devoted
all my time to constructing my professional website, organizing Google Ads campaigns,
and contacting and mailing Translation Agencies. From June 2023 and on, I have
done various linguistic jobs:
· * DTP service for Avitas Translations Ltd.
(www.avitastranslations.com), London, UK. EN(UK)/ES(Spain) translation of an IT Power Point presentation on cloud
technology,
· * LQA service (proofreading) for Enco-F Language Services
(www.enco-f.eu), Budapest, Hungary (Mr. SZIGETI
Miklós, Owner-CEO, [email protected],
+36 70 373 0665). EN(US)/ES(Spain) lubricating &
hydraulic oils specification data sheets,
Member since Aug '22
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